1021 Flammario

Dark background asteroid March 2018 yes 1021 Flammario #D6D6D6 001021-asteroid shape model (1021) Flammario.png Shape model of Flammario from its lightcurve M. F. Wolf Heidelberg Obs. 11 March 1924 (1021) Flammario 1924 RG1977 UMA910 CE Camille Flammarion(French astronomer) main-belt(outer)background 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) 0 92.70 yr (33,857 d) 3.5188 AU 1.9556 AU 2.7372 AU 0.2855 4.53 yr (1,654 d) 10.840° 0.2176 ms / day 15.869° 115.44° 286.97° 84.78 22.26 km97.38 1.23 km97.96 34.85 km98.015 8.377 km99.39 2.3 km99.6 19.9 km100.765 1.608 km105 11 km (8.6 ± 3.87/2.84)17 kg 1.606 ± 0.722/0.529 g/cm3 12.146 0.001 h12.146 h12.15186 0.00005 h12.160 0.002 h12.16 h 0.04 0.010.04 0.060.045 0.0060.0458 0.0020.0470 0.02000.048 0.0010.05 0.02 Tholen FFSMASS BB–V 0.656U–B 0.230 9.06 8.989.039.34 0.27 1021 Flammario, provisional designation 1924 RG, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 100 km mi off us in diameter. It was discovered on 11 March 1924, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Heidelberg, Germany. The asteroid was named after French astronomer Camille Flammarion. An F-type asteroid, it has a rotation period of 12.16 hours. Orbit and classification Flammario is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–3.5 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,654 days; semi-major axis of 2.74 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 16° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as A910 CE at Taunton Observatory 803 in February 1910. The body's observation arc begins at the Pulkovo Observatory near Saint Petersburg, Russia, in January 1928, more than four years after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. Physical characteristics In the SMASS classification, Flammario is a "bright" carbonaceous B-type, while it is an uncommon F-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomy. (The SMASS taxonomic scheme classifies all F-types as B-type asteroids). More recent polarimetric observations also characterized the asteroid as a dark F-type. Rotation period Several rotational lightcurves of Flammario have been obtained from photometric observations since the 1990s (U=2/2/2). Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve obtained by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi in January 2005 gave a rotation period of 12.160 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.14 and 0.40 magnitude (U=3-). Poles In 2016, a modeled lightcurve using photometric data from various sources, rendered a similar sidereal period of 12.15186 hours and two spin axes of (32.0°, 22.0°) and (216.0°, 55.0°) in ecliptic coordinates. Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Flammario measures between 84.78 and 105 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.04 and 0.05. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0458 and a diameter of 99.39 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.98. Mass, density and porosity Fienga et al. estimated the mass of Flammario as (8.6 ± 3.87/2.84)17 kg, with a theoretical bulk density of 1.606 ± 0.722/0.529 g/cm3. Small Solar System bodies may have 20% of more porosity (which decreases with the size of the body due to self-gravity). The carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids typically show a higher macroporosity than the basaltic, stony asteroids from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. Naming This minor planet was named after renowned French astronomer Camille Flammarion (1842–1925), who founded the French Astronomical Society (fr Société astronomique de France) and the astronomical journal L'Astronomie in the 1880s. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98). The lunar crater Flammarion as well as the crater Flammarion on Mars were also named in his honor. References 30em 2018-01-27 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1021 Flammario (1924 RG) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001021 https://web.archive.org/web/20200111005338/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001021 dead 11 January 2020 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 13 March 2018 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Schmadel Lutz D. Springer Berlin Heidelberg (1021) Flammario 88 2007 978-3-540-00238-3 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1022 1021 Flammario (1924 RG) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1021 13 March 2018 Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1021) Flammario Behrend Raoul Geneva Observatory http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001021 13 March 2018 3 December 2002 https://web.archive.org/web/20021203214643/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001021 dead 6 Joseph R. Masiero T. Grav A. K. Mainzer C. R. Nugent J. M. Bauer R. Stevenson S. Sonnett August 2014 Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos The Astrophysical Journal 791 2 11 2014ApJ...791..121M 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 1406.6645 119293330 B. Carry December 2012 Density of asteroids Planetary and Space Science 73 1 98–118 10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 2012P&SS...73...98C 1203.4336 119226456 See Table 1. 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February 2020 Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/492/1/589/5658701 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492 1 10.1093/mnras/stz3407 free subscription External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html 16 December 2017 ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR https://web.archive.org/web/20160729213840/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html 29 July 2016 – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 1021 1020 Arcadia 1021 1022 Olympiada 001021 Category:Discoveries by Max Wolf Category:Named minor planets 001021 001021 19240311