1974 in science

none 1974 science 1974 The year 1974 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration February 8 – After 84 days in space, the last crew of the temporary American space station Skylab return to Earth. February 13–15 – Sagittarius A*, thought to be the location of a supermassive black hole, is identified by Bruce Balick and Robert Brown using the baseline interferometer of the United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory.Melia Fulvio The Galactic Supermassive Black Hole Princeton University Press 2007 978-0-691-13129-0 2 November 16 – Arecibo message transmitted from Arecibo Observatory (Puerto Rico) to Messier 13. Hawking radiation is predicted by Stephen Hawking.Hawking S. W. 1974-03-01 Black hole explosions? Nature 248 5443 30 10.1038/248030a0 1974Natur.248...30H 4290107 Computer Science The Mark-8 microcomputer based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor is designed by Jonathan Titus. It is announced on the cover of the July 1974 issue of Radio-Electronics as "Your Personal Minicomputer". History of science F. W. Winterbotham publishes The Ultra secret: the inside story of Operation Ultra, Bletchley Park and Enigma, the first popular account of cryptography carried out at Bletchley Park during World War II. Mathematics Yves Hellegouarch proposes a connection between Fermat's Last Theorem and the Frey curve.Hellegouarch Yves Points d'ordre 2ph sur les courbes elliptiques 0379507 1974 Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny Acta Arithmetica 0065-1036 26 3 253–263 10.4064/aa-26-3-253-263 https://www.impan.pl/shop/publication/transaction/download/product/100601?download.pdf free Medicine September 25 – 1974 – The first "Tommy John surgery" for replacement of ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is performed by Frank Jobe in the United States. Identification of controlled trials in perinatal medicine, as advocated by Archie Cochrane, begins in Cardiff, Wales.About the Cochrane Library http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/AboutTheCochraneLibrary.html#ABOUT The Cochrane Library 2011-01-25 https://web.archive.org/web/20110105124021/http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/AboutTheCochraneLibrary.html#ABOUT 2011-01-05 dead Henry Heimlich describes the "Heimlich Maneuver" as a treatment for choking.H. Heimlich Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary Emergency Medicine June 1974 Paleoanthropology and paleontology November 24 – A group of paleoanthropologists discover remains of a 3.2-million-year-old skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis in the Afar Depression of Ethiopia, nicknaming her "Lucy". Physics May 18 – "Smiling Buddha", India's first nuclear test explosion takes place underground at Pokhran.http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html India's Nuclear Weapons Program – Smiling Buddha: 1974 Nuclear Weapon Archive 2001 2011-05-25 https://web.archive.org/web/20110519083726/http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html 19 May 2011 live "November Revolution": J/ψ meson, the first particle found to contain a charm quark, discovered by teams at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, led by Samuel Ting,Aubert, J. J. 2 December 1974 Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J Physical Review Letters 33 1404–6 10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404 1974PhRvL..33.1404A 23 etal free and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, led by Burton Richter.Augustin, J.-E. 2 December 1974 Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation Physical Review Letters 33 1406–8 10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406 1974PhRvL..33.1406A 23 etal free Physiology May – British neuroscientists John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz announce their isolation of the peptides met- and leu-enkephalin. Psychology Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins is published by Konrad Lorenz. Leon Kamin demonstrates that Sir Cyril Burt's influential research into heritability of IQ using twin studies shows evidence of statistical falsification.Gillie O. 1976-10-24 Crucial data was faked by eminent psychologist London The Sunday Times Technology June 26 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio, the first use of barcode technology in American retailing.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19849141 Barcode birthday: 60 years since patent Zoe Kleinman BBC News 2012-10-07 2013-06-29 Stephen Salter invents the "Salter Duck", a wave energy converter. Zoology January 7 – Outbreak of 4-year Gombe Chimpanzee War in Tanzania, reported by Jane Goodall. Digital dermatitis in cattle identified in Italy by Cheli and Mortellaro. Other events Rubik's Cube invented by Ernő Rubik.William Fotheringham Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes Anova Books 2007 50 978-1-86105-953-6 https://archive.org/details/fotheringhamsext0000foth/page/50 Awards Fields Prize in Mathematics: Enrico Bombieri and David Mumford Nobel Prizes Physics – Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130519-women-scientists-overlooked-dna-history-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20190903184929/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130519-women-scientists-overlooked-dna-history-science/ dead September 3, 2019 National Geographic News 19 January 2021 en 19 May 2013 Chemistry – Paul J. Flory Medicine – Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George Emil Palade Turing Award – Donald Knuth Births March 10 – Biz Stone, American computing entrepreneur August 8 – Manjul Bhargava, Canadian-born mathematician August 11 – Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, English cognitive neuroscientist September 28 – Sunil Kumar Verma, Indian biologist Deaths February 4 – S. N. Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1894) April 12 – Cornelis Simon Meijer, Dutch mathematician (b. 1904) May 4 – Ludwig Koch, German-born British animal sound recordist (b. 1881) May 18 – Harry Ricardo, English mechanical engineer (b. 1885) May 22 – Irmgard Flügge-Lotz (b. 1903), German-American mathematician and aerospace engineer June 28 – Vannevar Bush, American science administrator (b. 1890) July 3 – Sergey Lebedev, Soviet Russian computer scientist (b. 1902) August 22 – Jacob Bronowski, Polish-born British scientific polymath (b. 1908) References Category:20th century in science Category:1970s in science