1928 Tour de France

July 2022 May 2019 1928 Tour de France Route of the 1928 Tour de France.png Route of the 1928 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris 360px 17 June – 15 July 1928 22 5376 km 192h 48' 58" Nicolas Frantz LUX yellow Alcyon–Dunlop André Leducq FRA Alcyon–Dunlop Maurice De Waele BEL Alcyon–Dunlop 1927 1929 The 1928 Tour de France was the 22nd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 17 June to 15 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 5376 km 0 on. The Tour was won by Nicolas Frantz, his second win. He held the yellow jersey from beginning to end, despite an incident three days before the end of the race. Frantz had a mechanical failure between Metz and Charleville and had to finish 100 km of the stage on an undersized women's bicycle, resulting in a loss of 28 minutes. Regardless, Frantz won the tour, with his Alcyon team winning the team trophy and having riders finish in second and third places. The 22nd tour featured the first appearance of an Australian/New Zealand team, indicating the beginning of a more international sporting field.Australian cyclists rode the Tour de France in 1914, but not as a team. Their experience was turned into a film by Phil Keoghan, Le Ride, released in July 2016. Tour director Henri Desgrange allowed teams to replace exhausted or injured cyclists with new riders, to give the weaker teams a fairer chance. However, the experiment backfired, having the opposite effect, so the concept was quickly abandoned.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/histoire.html The Tour – Year 1928 Amaury Sport Organisation 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20090716153258/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/histoire.html 16 July 2009 dead Innovations and changes In the 1927 Tour de France, the team time trial format had been introduced, where teams started 15 minutes apart. This was done to make the flat stages more competitive. Although in 1927 this had not been successful, the formula was repeated in 1928; this time the teams started 10 minutes after each other.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 The team time trial format had been an advantage to the strong teams; therefore the tour organisation invented a new rule, intended to help the weak teams: the teams were allowed to replace cyclists in the beginning of stage 12, halfway through the competition. They were not eligible for the general classification. Another new concept was regional teams. The riders were separated in three groups: there were eight trade teams, nine regional teams of five riders and the touriste-routiers, without teams.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1928.php 1928: Frantz on a woman's bike Tom James 15 August 2003 24 September 2009 Veloarchive https://web.archive.org/web/20190423010745/http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1928.php 23 April 2019 live Between them, the eight trade teams formed five competing units for the race. Three of them – Alcyon, Armor and Thomann, all of which had sponsorship from Dunlop – combined to compete as a single unit of ten riders. Elvish and Fontan, with Wolber sponsorship, did the same. The formidable Alcyon-Armor-Thomann combination would go on to fill the top five places overall. In other years, the mountain stages, especially in the Pyrenees, had decided the race. To reduce the importance of these stages, the Tour organisation had changed the route of the first mountain stage, that had been the same since 1913. Two mountains, the Aspin and the Peyresourde, were left out of the stage.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 left|thumb|upright|Kisses and flowers from the local beauty for Hubert Opperman after the 6th stage The tour also saw the introduction of the Australian/New Zealand team, sponsored by Ravat. It was headed by Hubert Opperman, who had been the Australian cycling champion for a few years. After The Melbourne Herald had a campaign to send Opperman to the Tour de France, a team was made. The plan was to add six experienced European cyclists to the team, but this did not happen.Kennett Wall 2004 124 Opperman rode some races in Europe and could compete with the European top cyclists, but the rest of his team could not. Because a major part of the race was in the team time trial format, Opperman had no chance to win the Tour.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 The Kennett Brothers wrote a book about the New Zealander on the team—Harry Watson—that was read by cycling enthusiast and The Amazing Race-host Phil Keoghan, who was surprised that he had never heard of the fellow Cantabrian before. Keoghan decided to celebrate the team's achievement and with a friend, he rode the 1928 stages on period bicycles to the original 26-day schedule. Their experience was turned into a film, Le Ride, which premiered in July 2016 in Watson's home town Christchurch. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11673973 Why The Amazing Race host Phil Keoghan is acting like it's still 1928 Russell Baillie 14 July 2016 30 July 2016 The New Zealand Herald Cropper Emma Le Ride premieres in Christchurch http://www.newshub.co.nz/entertainment/le-ride-premieres-in-christchurch-2016072920#axzz4FpHmfvN2 https://web.archive.org/web/20160730162139/http://www.newshub.co.nz/entertainment/le-ride-premieres-in-christchurch-2016072920#axzz4FpHmfvN2 dead 30 July 2016 30 July 2016 Newshub 29 July 2016 Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1928 Tour de France Altogether, 162 cyclists started the race,The history of the Tour de France – Year 1928 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403025936/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/partants.html dead a new record at that time.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 Race overview 1928 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11 1928 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 thumb|right|The Belgian Maurice Geldhof is climbing part of the Aubisque on foot. In the first team-time-trial like stages, the Alcyon team emerged the best. The individual Touriste-routiers could not compete to the professional teams. The Alcyon team finished first in five of the eight stages. Nicolas Frantz, the winner of the previous tour, crossed the finish line first in the first stage, and was leading the classification, and kept the lead during these stages.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 After the first eight stages, Frantz was leading the race, followed by his teammate Maurice De Waele at 99 seconds. Julien Vervaecke, the Belgian from the Armor team, followed in third place, 135 seconds behind. In stage 9, the first mountain stage, Frantz did not crush the competition as he had done on previous year. Instead, Victor Fontan, who was more than one and a half hour behind in the general classification,http://www.tourdefrancehistorie.nl/tekst/1928/1928_8.txt 8e etappe: Bordeaux – Hendaye 225 km – 24-06-1928 25 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110724170829/http://www.tourdefrancehistorie.nl/tekst/1928/1928_8.txt 24 July 2011 live was allowed to escape and win the stage.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 Frantz still finished second, seven minutes behind, and extended his lead on his direct competitors, and was now leading by more than 40 minutes. In the tenth stage, the Alcyon team-mates Leducq, Frantz and De Waele finished first, and they now had the first three places in the general classification. Next came the alps. Here, Frantz increased his lead. Behind him, De Waele gained time on Leducq, and was now in second place. After the alps, the three Alcyon cyclists still held the first three places in the general classification, with Frantz comfortably leading by more than 75 minutes. In the 19th stage, Frantz bicycle frame broke, when he rode over a railroad track.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 His sponsor, Alcyon, did not like the bad publicity, and wanted Frantz to go to an Alcyon dealer and get a replacement bike. The team manager from Alcyon was against this idea, because this would cause a major time loss, and maybe even the loss of the Tour de France. According to some sources, they found a bicycle shop that only had one bicycle left, an undersized women's bicycle, and they decided to take it. Other sources say that when they were thinking what to do, Frantz spotted a woman with a bicycle, and persuaded her to give him her bike. Frantz rode the last 100 km on this undersized women's bicycle, and did this with 27 km/h, whereas the winner of the stage had 34 km/h.McGann McGann 2006 87–91 His lead dropped with 30 minutes, but he was still leading the race. In the 21st stage, Antonin Magne and Francis Bouillet had escaped together, and it was Bouillet who won the sprint. This was a problem for the Tour organisation, as Bouillet had already left the race in stage 9, to start again as a replacement in stage 12. Hence, he was no longer eligible for the general classification, and could not be the winner of a stage. The Tour organisation solved the problem by giving Bouillet the best time and proclaiming him the moral winner of the stage, and making Magne the official winner of the stage.http://ouestfrance.cd-script.fr/opdf/1928/07/16/85/1928-07-16_85_06.pdf Bouillet, remplaçant, gagne l'étape Malo-Les-Bains–Dieppe dont Antonin Magne est le vainquer l'Ouest-Eclair 16 July 1928 18 August 2010 fr https://web.archive.org/web/20110720210337/http://ouestfrance.cd-script.fr/opdf/1928/07/16/85/1928-07-16_85_06.pdf 20 July 2011 dead Results In stages 1 to 8 and 15 to 21, the cyclists started in teams. The cyclist who reached the finish fastest was the winner of the stage. In the other stages, all cyclists started together. The time that each cyclist required to finish the stage was recorded. For the general classification, these times were added up; the cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Stage winners Nicolas Frantz wore the yellow jersey from the start of the race to the end of the race. Since the introduction of the yellow jersey in 1919, this has only happened in 1924, 1928 and 1935.Augendre 2016 108 As the winner of the previous year, Frantz also wore the yellow jersey during the first stage; he is the only cyclist to wear the yellow jersey during an entire Tour de France.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1928.htm Barry Boyce 2004 25 September 2009 Frantz! Start to Finish Cycling revealed + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1928.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120306130000/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1928.php 6 March 2012 28 October 2016 dead Mémoire du cyclisme 22ème Tour de France 1928 frAugendre 2016 26http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1928 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 24 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100822204018/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 22 August 2010 live The history of the Tour de France – Year 1928 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402234328/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeThe flat stages, 1 to 8 and 15 to 21, indicated by the clock icon, were run as team time trials. The other stages, indicated by the other icons, were run individually, and the icons show whether the stage included mountains. Winner Race leader 1 17 June Paris to Caen 207 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Nicolas Frantz LUX Nicolas Frantz LUX 2 18 June Caen to Cherbourg-en-Cotentin 140 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial André Leducq FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 3 19 June Cherbourg to Dinan 199 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Gaston Rebry BEL Nicolas Frantz LUX 4 20 June Dinan to Brest 206 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Pé Verhaegen BEL Nicolas Frantz LUX 5 21 June Brest to Vannes 208 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Marcel Bidot FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 6 22 June Vannes to Les Sables d'Olonne 204 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Nicolas Frantz LUX Nicolas Frantz LUX 7 23 June Les Sables d'Olonne to Bordeaux 285 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Victor Fontan FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 8 24 June Bordeaux to Hendaye 225 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Maurice Dewaele BEL Nicolas Frantz LUX 9 26 June Hendaye to Luchon 387 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Victor Fontan FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 10 28 June Luchon to Perpignan 323 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) André Leducq FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 11 30 June Perpignan to Marseille 363 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Leducq FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 12 2 July Marseille to Nice 330 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Nicolas Frantz LUX Nicolas Frantz LUX 13 4 July Nice to Grenoble 333 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Antonin Magne FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 14 6 July Grenoble to Evian 329 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Julien Moineau FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 15 8 July Evian to Pontarlier 213 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Pierre Magne FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 16 9 July Pontarlier to Belfort 119 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial André Leducq FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 17 10 July Belfort to Strasbourg 145 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Joseph Mauclair FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 18 11 July Strasbourg to Metz 165 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Nicolas Frantz LUX Nicolas Frantz LUX 19 12 July Metz to Charleville 159 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Marcel Huot FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 20 13 July Charleville to Malo-les-Bains 271 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Maurice Dewaele BEL Nicolas Frantz LUX 21 14 July Malo-les-Bains to Dieppe 234 km mi on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial Antonin Magne FRA Nicolas Frantz LUX 22 15 July Dieppe to Paris 331 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Nicolas Frantz LUX Nicolas Frantz LUX Total 5376 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 General classification thumb|upright|Italian Giusto Cerutti has a broken wheel after a fall. According to the rules he is not allowed to accept help. The Alcyon team had all the podium positions. Since 1928, it has never happened again that one team had all the podium positions.http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2009/07/15/drie-wielrenners-van-een-ploeg-op-het-tourpodium.aspx Drie wielrenners van één ploeg op het tourpodium nl 15 July 2009 25 September 2009 Ronnie van den Bogaart Sportgeschiedenis https://web.archive.org/web/20100515005956/http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2009/07/15/drie-wielrenners-van-een-ploeg-op-het-tourpodium.aspx 15 May 2010 live + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1928 – Stage 22 Dieppe > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/2200/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220049/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1928/2200/etape.html dead Rank Rider Sponsor Time1 Nicolas Frantz LUX Alcyon–Dunlop 192h 48' 58"2 André Leducq FRA Alcyon–Dunlop + 50' 07"3 Maurice De Waele BEL Alcyon–Dunlop + 56' 16"4 Jan Mertens BEL Thomann–Dunlop + 1h 19' 18"5 Julien Vervaecke BEL Armor–Dunlop + 1h 53' 32"6 Antonin Magne FRA Alleluia–Wolber + 2h 14' 02"7 Victor Fontan FRA Elvish–Wolber + 5h 07' 47"8 Marcel Bidot FRA Alleluia–Wolber + 5h 18' 28"9 Marcel Huot FRA Alleluia–Wolber + 5h 37' 33"10 Pierre Magne FRA Alleluia–Wolber + 5h 41' 20" Final general classification (11–41) Rank Rider Sponsor Time 11 Joseph Mauclair FRAArmor–Dunlop + 5h 44' 01" 12 Gaston Rebry BELAlcyon–Dunlop + 5h 53' 44" 13 Louis Delannoy BELArmor–Dunlop + 6h 11' 35" 14 Camille Van de Casteele BELJ.B. Louvet-Hutchinson + 6h 52' 55" 15 Salvador Cardona ESP 1785Elvish–Wolber + 7h 33' 47" 16 Pé Verhaegen BELJ.B. Louvet-Hutchinson + 7h 39' 56" 17 Julien Moineau FRAAlleluia–Wolber + 8h 03' 23" 18 Hubert Opperman AUSRavat-Wonder-Dunlop + 8h 34' 25" 19 Désiré Louesse BELAlcyon–Dunlop + 9h 27' 21" 20 Odiel Taillieu BELJ.B. Louvet-Hutchinson + 10h 23' 18" 21 Jean Mouveroux FRAFontan-Wolber + 10h 49' 53" 22 Jean Bidot FRAAlleluia–Wolber + 10h 56' 30" 23 Marcel Autaa FRAFontan-Wolber + 11h 42' 40" 24 Raymond Decorte BELJ.B. Louvet-Hutchinson + 12h 27' 02" 25 Paul Filliat FRASouth-East France + 15h 51' 56" 26 Raphael Calmette FRAFontan-Wolber + 15h 55' 08" 27 Maurice Arnoult FRANormandy + 16h 25' 04" 28 Harry Watson NZLRavat-Wonder-Dunlop + 16h 53' 32" 29 Lucien Laval FRAElvish–Wolber + 16h 53' 55" 30 Marcel Colleu FRAAlsace-Lorraine + 17h 04' 01" 31 Amand Goubert FRANorth France + 18h 50' 20" 32 René Hamel FRAJ.B. Louvet-Hutchinson + 19h 10' 18" 33 Paul Delbart FRAChampagne + 19h 51' 17" 34 Henri François FRAChampagne + 20h 02' 46" 35 Fernand Moulet FRAChampagne + 20h 10' 21" 36 Raphael Dupau FRAFontan-Wolber + 20h 47' 54" 37 François Menta FRACôte d'Azur + 21h 05' 32" 38 Percy Osborn AUSRavat-Wonder-Dunlop + 22h 01' 49" 39 Fernand Fayolle FRACôte d'Azur + 24h 02' 10" 40 Lucien Lange FRAAlsace-Lorraine + 25h 30' 57" 41 Edouard Persin FRAChampagne + 26h 56' 19" Other classifications The organising newspaper, L'Auto named a meilleur grimpeur (best climber), an unofficial precursor to the modern King of the Mountains competition. This award was won by Victor Fontan.http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net Tour-giro-vuelta 24 September 2009 Michiel van Lonkhuyzen https://web.archive.org/web/20090406025432/http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net/ 6 April 2009 live There was also a team trophy. The team trophy for teams was won by Alcyon, the Champagne-regional team won the team trophy for regional teams. This team trophy was not the same as the team classification that has been run since 1930. Aftermath The team time trial method had not given the desired result; in the 1929 Tour de France it was only used if the previous stage had been too slow, and after 1929 it disappeared. The rule with replaced cyclists did not even make it until the next year.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1929.php Mémoire du cyclisme 23ème Tour de France 1929 fr 25 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090918090359/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1929.php 18 September 2009 dead Some riders had been grouped in regional teams; this was considered successful; in 1930 the system would change to the national team system, where riders were grouped in national or regional teams.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1930.php Mémoire du cyclisme https://web.archive.org/web/20120306131211/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1930.php 6 March 2012 28 October 2016 dead 24ème Tour de France 1930 fr Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Kennett Jonathan Wall Bronwen Ride: The Story of Cycling in New Zealand https://books.google.com/books?id=2D3GrbB131cC 2004 Kennett Bros 978-0-9583490-7-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 66–67 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1928 Tour de France 1 11 12 22 Category:1928 in road cycling Category:1928 in French sport 1928 Category:June 1928 sports events in Europe Category:July 1928 sports events in Europe