2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States

none 2009 swine flu pandemic 2009 swine flu pandemic by country 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States by state April 2018 The 2009 flu pandemic in the United States was caused by a novel strain of the Influenza A/H1N1 virus, commonly referred to as "swine flu", that was first detected on April 15, 2009.2009 H1N1 Flu Pandemic Timeline https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-pandemic-timeline.html CDC 2019-05-08 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention en-us 2020-05-19 March 5, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200305201902/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-pandemic-timeline.html live While the 2009 H1N1 virus strain was commonly referred to as "swine flu", there is no evidence that it is endemic to pigs (i.e. actually a swine flu) or of transmission from pigs to people; instead, the virus spreads from person to person.http://www.oie.int/eng/press/en_090427.htm Press Release: A/H1N1 influenza like human illness in Mexico and the USA: OIE statement Maria Zampaglione vanc World Organisation for Animal Health 19 September 2020 29 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090430105521/http://www.oie.int/eng/press/en_090427.htm 30 April 2009 On April 25, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency, followed concurringly by the Obama administration on April 26. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that during the outbreak about half of all influenza viruses being reported were 2009 H1N1 viruses, with the other half being those of the regular seasonal influenza. Unique to this particular strain, about 60% of the 2009 H1N1 influenza cases were occurring among people between 5 years and 24 years of age, and 40% of the hospitalizations were occurring among children and young adults. About 80% of the deaths were in people younger than 65 years of age. The CDC noted that this differed greatly from typical seasonal influenza epidemics, during which about 70% to 90% of deaths are estimated to occur in people 65 years and older. Antibody studies showed that children had no existing cross-reactive antibody to the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, while about one-third of adults older than 60 years of age had cross-reactive antibody.The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010 https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm CDC September 19, 2020 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417010416/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm live By April 21, 2009, CDC had begun working to develop a virus that could be used to make a vaccine to protect against the new virus. Following preparation for distribution beginning in June, the first doses were administered in October 2009.The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010 https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm CDC September 19, 2020 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417010416/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm live On August 10, 2010, WHO declared an end to the global 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. However, the virus continues to circulate as a seasonal flu virus, and cause illness, hospitalization, and deaths worldwide every year.2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 virus) https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html CDC June 11, 2019 September 19, 2020 March 18, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318191813/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html live From April 12, 2009, to April 10, 2010, the CDC estimates there were 60.8 million cases (range: 43.3 - 89.3 million), 274,304 hospitalizations (range: 195,086 - 402,719), and 12,469 deaths (range: 8868 - 18,306) in the United States due to the virus.2009 H1N1 Pandemic https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://web.archive.org/web/20200318191813/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html 18 March 2020 en-us 11 June 2019 A follow-up study done in September 2010 showed that the risk of serious illness resulting from the 2009 H1N1 flu was no higher than that of the yearly seasonal flu.DeNoon Daniel J. vanc H1N1 Swine Flu No Worse Than Seasonal Flu https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/news/20100907/h1n1-swine-flu-no-worse-than-seasonal-flu WebMD 13 March 2020 en October 17, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201017085947/https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/news/20100907/h1n1-swine-flu-no-worse-than-seasonal-flu live For comparison, the CDC estimates the global H1N1 death toll at 284,000 and the WHO estimates that 250,000 to 500,000 people die of seasonal flu annually.27 June 2012 Robert Roos vanc CDC estimate of global H1N1 pandemic deaths: 284,000 http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2012/06/cdc-estimate-global-h1n1-pandemic-deaths-284000 CIDRAP 23 March 2020 en September 19, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200919203235/https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2012/06/cdc-estimate-global-h1n1-pandemic-deaths-284000 live 4 History The earliest reported cases in the US began appearing in early April 2009, in California.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a5.htm Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children--- Southern California, March—April 2009 2009-04-24 Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 58 (Dispatch) 15 400–402 2009-10-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20091001131355/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a5.htm 1 October 2009 liveCDC Press Briefing Transcripts April 23, 2009 https://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090423.htm CDC June 11, 2009 April 23, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090605145129/http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090423.htm 5 June 2009 live In late April, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) activated its Emergency Operations Center and declared a public health emergency.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm CDC Novel H1N1 Flu The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009 – April 2010 www.cdc.gov 2020-03-24 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417010416/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm live On April 25, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern. WHO declared H1N1 a pandemic on June 11.August 2022 By the end of May, the flu had infected people in all 50 states. As of June 16, the total number of confirmed cases was 27,717https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/ H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) H1N1 Flu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20090910132855/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/ 2009-09-10 live and on June 25, the CDC said there were over one million (1,000,000) cases, most of which had not been reported or diagnosed.1 Million Americans Likely Stricken by Swine Flu: CDC Forbes June 25, 2009 June 25, 2009 https://www.forbes.com/feeds/hscout/2009/06/25/hscout628467.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090627123015/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/hscout/2009/06/25/hscout628467.html 27 June 2009 dead U.S. swine flu cases may have hit 1 million NBC News 2009-06-25 https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31550059 2024-07-14 Deaths relating to influenza began appearing in the US in late April, and by early June, 15 states had reported fatalities related to or directly occurring from the virus. By October 5, the first doses of an H1N1 vaccine were given in the U.S. The CDC distributed vaccines for the fluhttps://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination/vacinesupply.htm CDC 2009 H1N1 Flu – Graph and Table of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Doses Allocated, Ordered, and Shipped www.cdc.gov 22 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20170713234723/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination/vaccinesupply.htm July 13, 2017 live using mechanisms already in place for its Vaccines for Children (VFC) program.https://www.cdc.gov/H1N1flu/vaccination/statelocal/centralized_distribution_qa.htm CDC H1N1 Flu – State & Local Vaccination Guidance – Vaccine Distribution Q&A www.cdc.gov 22 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20170711031010/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination/statelocal/centralized_distribution_qa.htm July 11, 2017 live On October 24, and the CDC said more than 1,000 had died from the flu. President Obama declared a national emergency.Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0 March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312101855/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0 March 12, 2020 National Archives whitehouse.gov live Flawed Comparison on Coronavirus, H1N1 Emergency Timelines https://www.factcheck.org/2020/03/flawed-comparison-on-coronavirus-h1n1-emergency-timelines/ Fichera Angelo 2020-03-31 FactCheck.org en-US 2020-05-19 April 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200413043721/https://www.factcheck.org/2020/03/flawed-comparison-on-coronavirus-h1n1-emergency-timelines/ live On December 10, 2009, the CDC reported an estimated 50 million Americans or 1 in 6 had been infected and 10,000 had died.https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5AO3Z420091210 Reuters Swine flu has killed 10,000 Americans since April 2009-12-10 13 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091217193529/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5AO3Z420091210 17 December 2009 live On December 23, 2009, the CDC reported a reduction of the disease by 59% percent. On February 12, the CDC reported 57 million Americans had been sickened, 257,000 had been hospitalized and 11,690 people had died (including 1,180 children) due to flu from April through to mid-January.https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna35367744 Swine flu sickened 57 million Americans 12 February 2010 NBC News 22 April 2018 March 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200309054906/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35367744 livehttps://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34880176 Swine flu death toll surpasses 11,000 15 January 2010 NBC News 22 April 2018 September 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200923230955/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34880176 live Initial cases The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the first two A/09(H1N1) swine flu cases in California on April 17, 2009, via the Border Infectious Disease Program,http://www.kpbs.org/news/2009/may/07/border-disease-program-helped-sound-alarm-swine-fl/ Border Disease Program Helped Sound Alarm on Swine Flu May 7, 2009 2010-09-02 KPBS San Diego https://web.archive.org/web/20091105215254/http://www.kpbs.org/news/2009/may/07/border-disease-program-helped-sound-alarm-swine-fl/ November 5, 2009 live for a San Diego County child, and a naval research facility studying a special diagnostic test, where influenza sample from the child from Imperial County was tested.https://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090423.htm CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza CDC 2009-04-23 April 26, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090426093348/http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090423.htm 26 April 2009 live By April 21, enhanced surveillance was established to search for additional cases in both California and Texas and the CDC determined that the virus strain was genetically similar to the previously known A(H1N1) swine flu circulating among pigs in the United States since about 1999.August 2022 It was established that the virus was a combination of human, North American swine, and Eurasian swine influenza viruses; the viruses from the initial two Californian cases were also noted to be resistant to amantadine and rimantadine, two common influenza antiviral drugs.https://www.cdc.gov/mmWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a5.htm Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children --- Southern California, March—April 2009 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report CDC April 21, 2009 April 26, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090426212017/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a5.htm 26 April 2009 live No contact with pigs was found for any of the seven Californian nor either of the two Texas cases, suggesting human-to-human transmission of the virus.August 2022 On April 28, 2009, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed the first official US death of swine flu. Tests confirmed that a 23-month-old toddler from Mexico, who was probably infected there, died on April 27 from the flu while visiting Texas.http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2009/04/29/swine-flu-fatality-in-texas-likely-infected-in-mexico-official-says/ CNN Swine flu fatality in Texas likely infected in Mexico, official says 24 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090503220655/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2009/04/29/swine-flu-fatality-in-texas-likely-infected-in-mexico-official-says/ 3 May 2009 Outbreak across the US thumb|left|260px|CDC report for the 2008–2009 flu season week 18 (May 17), subtypes and percent positive tests Cases of H1N1 spread rapidly across the United States, with particularly severe outbreaks in Texas, New York, Utah, and California. Early cases were associated with recent travel to Mexico; many were students who had traveled to Mexico for spring break.https://www.cbsnews.com/news/queens-school-at-flu-epicenter-reopens/ Queens School At Flu Epicenter Reopens CBS News May 4, 2009 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090507080303/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/05/04/health/main4988673.shtml 7 May 2009 live On May 4, 2009, the CDC reported one death, 286 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu across 36 states, 35 hospitalizations, and expected H1N1 to eventually spread to all states. A large number of cases, according to medics, have happened in the days that preceded the launch of the alert and came out only in these days due to a massive backlog.http://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKTRE5435R220090504 Flu spreads across U.S., officials weigh measures | Top News Uk.reuters.com 2009-02-09 2009-05-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20090507072145/http://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKTRE5435R220090504 7 May 2009 dead By May 5, 2009, the number had risen to 403 and a second death was reported in Texas.Sherman Christopher Texas confirms first flu death of US resident The Courier of Montgomery County 2009-05-04 https://www.yourconroenews.com/neighborhood/moco/news/article/Texas-confirms-first-flu-death-of-US-resident-9248862.php 2024-07-14 The CDC and government officials had expressed cautious optimism about the severity and spread of H1N1.https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/health/05flu.html The New York Times Health Officials Begin to Ease Public Alerts About Swine Flu Gardiner Harris Elisabeth Malkin 2009-05-05 24 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20150111194222/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/health/05flu.html January 11, 2015 liveBowman Michael http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-05-04-voa59.cfm US Officials 'Cautiously Optimistic' About Swine Flu Spread VOA News 2008-07-15 2009-05-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506013102/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-05-04-voa59.cfm 6 May 2009 dead Changes in surveillance of cases of influenza-like illness, including new guidelines for identifying cases to test, increased laboratory testing, and new test kits able to distinguish this novel strain, resulted in a spike in the percent of cases tested positive for influenza. Of the positive cases, about a third were due to the novel strain. Also found were a substantial number of cases where the strain could not be subtyped.2008–2009 Influenza Season Week 18 ending May 9, 2009 FluView: A Weekly Influenza Surveillance Report Prepared by the Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009-05-15 https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/ 2009-05-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20090517044139/http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/ 17 May 2009 live thumb|260px|Pneumonia and influenza deaths in 122 US cities, 5 years through October 2009 The proportion of US deaths due to pneumonia and influenza climbed above the epidemic threshold in the 2007–2008 winter flu season but not in the 2008–2009 season. Although the 2009 H1N1 outbreak reached epidemic levels of infection early in 2009, it did not contribute to epidemic levels of pneumonia and influenza related deaths until October 2009.March 2020 2009 US Swine Flu Summary Number of Confirmed Cases/Deaths See Table Above Number of States/Territorieswith Reported Cases 56 Number of States/Territorieswith Confirmed Deaths 55 Earliest Confirmed Infection in US March 28, 2009https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/21/AR2009042103694.html New Strain of Swine Flu Investigated: Two Children in San Diego Area Had No Contact with Pigs David Brown The Washington Post April 22, 2009 April 24, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090429184435/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/21/AR2009042103694.html April 29, 2009 live First Death Inside the US April 27, 2009 First Death of US Citizen May 5, 2009http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/APStories/stories/D9811NI00.html Texas woman with flu who died beloved teacher CHRISTOPHER SHERMAN Dallas Morning News/Associated Press May 6, 2009 May 6, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090510143529/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/APStories/stories/D9811NI00.html May 10, 2009 dead Number of People Hospitalized 9,079 (as of September 3)CDC H1N1 Flu | Situation Update https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20090910141021/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm 2009-09-10 live 2009-08-26 Fatalities 593 (as of September 3) The second wave In early October 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that swine flu was widespread across the country. It also said there was significant flu activity in virtually all states, which was considered to be quite unusual for this time of year. There was particular worry about pregnant women. As of late August, 100 had been hospitalized in intensive care units and 28 had died since the beginning of the outbreak in April. On October 1, it was acknowledged that a recruit in basic training in Fort Jackson, South Carolina, was the Army's first swine flu death. The recruit fell ill on September 1 and died of pneumonia on September 10.August 2022 Dell Children's Medical Center in Austin, Texas, erected two tents in its parking lot to handle emergency room visits, and hospitals around Colorado Springs recorded a 30 percent spike in flu visits. As pediatric cases were increasing, the Dept. of Health and Human Services released 300,000 courses of children's liquid Tamiflu from the national pandemic stockpile in late September, with the first batches sent to Texas and Colorado.August 2022 In late September, the disease centers reported that 936 had died of flu symptoms or of flu-associated pneumonia since August 30, when it began a new count of deaths, including some without laboratory-confirmed swine flu.Swine Flu Spread Prompts Move on Vaccine The New York Times 2009-10-02 Donald G. McNeil Jr. The Agriculture Department reported on October 16 that three pigs at the Minnesota State Fair, in St. Paul, were tested positive in late August for H1N1 virus, which were the first cases in the country, although infected pigs had been found in eight other countries. There were 103 pigs tested at the Fair, including the three infected, though all appeared healthy. Scientists said the virus was already spreading widely among people, and, in fact, was more common in humans than in pigs, so humans were more likely to catch it from others than from pigs.Three Pigs May be the First in the U.S. With Swine Flu The New York Times 2009-10-17 Denise Grady In mid-October, it was reported that flu caused by the H1N1 virus was widespread in 41 states, and flu-like illnesses accounted for 6.1 percent of all doctor visits, which was considered highDecember 2009, particularly for October. Forty-three children had died from H1N1 since August 30, which is approximately the number that usually dies in an entire flu season. Nineteen of the forty-three were teenagers while sixteen were between ages five to eleven. The rest were under five.December 2009 It is reported that the severity of the disease was not increasing. About fifteen to twenty percent of the patients hospitalized for the flu were placed in the intensive care unit, a level similar to that for seasonal flu.December 2009 right|thumb|High-risk groups line up at a defunct Kmart on October 24, 2009, for the first H1N1 vaccines publicly available in Boise, Idaho. Projections of the supply of H1N1 vaccine had decreased significantly from a level of 120 million doses ready in October, estimated during the summer, to an estimate of 28 to 30 million doses by the end of the month. On October 14, 11.4 million doses of the H1N1 vaccine were said to be available. As of November 20, 2009, the CDC reported sharp declines in H1N1 activity throughout the United States, with influenza-like illness (which may also include meningitis, pneumonia, strep pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, and the common cold) accounting for 5.5% of doctors visits, down sharply from 8% in late October, the peak of the second wave. However, taking the vaccine is still urged by the CDC, as a third wave of the disease may sweep across the US, possibly in January/February 2010.http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/article_a3f8bc1e-7237-58ee-9b46-e1bc6e79579a.html Official warns 'third wave' of H1N1 on the way Sioux City Journal News 2009-12-15 2009-12-25 July 25, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200725090617/https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/article_a3f8bc1e-7237-58ee-9b46-e1bc6e79579a.html liveMay 2021 As of December 24, the second wave of H1N1 has clearly peaked, with pneumonia and influenza deaths falling below the epidemic threshold for the first time in 11 weeks, and the proportion of doctors visits due to influenza-like illness falling to baseline (2.3%), down from 5.5% 1 month before, on November 20. However, it was reported that influenza activity was beginning to increase in West Virginia, with 5.2% of patients treated by West Virginia health care providers having influenza-like illness, a major increase from 2% of patients treated by West Virginia health care providers having influenza-like illness in November.August 2022 On August 10, 2010, WHO declared an end to the global 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. However, the virus continues to circulate as a seasonal flu virus, and cause illness, hospitalization, and deaths worldwide every year.2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 virus) https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html CDC June 11, 2019 September 19, 2020 March 18, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318191813/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html live H1N1 characteristics and severity thumb|Influenza-associated pediatric deaths reported to CDC, from 2005–06 to start of 2009–2010 The new strain was identified as a combination of several different strains of Influenzavirus A, subtype H1N1, including separate strains of this subtype circulating in humans (see human influenza) and in pigs (see swine influenza). The strain transmits between humans and was initially reported to have a relatively high mortality rate in Mexico. In April 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expressed serious concerns that the new strain had the potential to become an influenza pandemic.https://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090424.htm CDC Press Briefing Transcripts CDC April 24, 2009 April 25, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090428151540/http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090424.htm 28 April 2009 live On April 25 it was reported that, because the virus was already widespread, containment would be "nearly impossible."Laura Kennedy Swine Flu Spreading In The U.S. April 25, 2009 WDIO-TV April 26, 2009 http://www.wdio.com/article/stories/S899045.shtml?cat=10335 https://web.archive.org/web/20090504024603/http://www.wdio.com/article/stories/S899045.shtml?cat=10335 May 4, 2009 dead By this time, there had also been speculation that the flu death toll in Mexico could be lower than first thought. Gerald Evans, head of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada and a member of a federal pandemic-planning committee, said on April 29:https://nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=1547114 Flu death toll in Mexico could be lower than first thought National Post, Canada 2009-05-03 May 3, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090503223316/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=1547114 dead There was a lot of speculation and what seemed to be evidence there were dozens and dozens of deaths. Careful analysis showed these people likely died of something else, and not influenza. That's really good news, and that would fit with what we've seen outside of Mexico. Another Canadian expert, Neil Rau, criticized the WHO's decision to raise its pandemic alert to level 5, saying:http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090429/WHO_panic_090429/20090429?hub=Health https://web.archive.org/web/20090502084811/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090429/WHO_panic_090429/20090429?hub=Health dead 2009-05-02 Seasonal flu killing much more than swine flu CTV, Canada 2009-04-29 I don't agree with (the WHO) because I think it's a panic metre, not a pandemic metre. [...] If that flu-like illness is not deadly, I don't know what the cause for alarm is for people who are not really sickened by this virus. [...] I'm really eager to know how much worse this is than seasonal flu. So far it's looking like it's not that serious. CNN noted on April 28, 2009, that in any individual week between January 1 and April 18, there had been at least 800 deaths in the U.S. due to normal influenza, which is higher than the 150 total deaths worldwide from the swine flu up to that time. http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/28/regular.flu/?iref=mpstoryview CNN Regular flu has killed thousands since January 28 April 2009 24 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090620084806/http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/28/regular.flu/?iref=mpstoryview 20 June 2009 live As of May 28, 2010, the official U.S. death toll attributed directly to the novel H1N1 and seasonal influenza was 2,117.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/updates/us/ 2009 H1N1 Flu U.S. Situation Update CDC 2010-05-28 2020-03-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318190622/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/updates/us/ 18 March 2020 live This total exceeds the 849 U.S. deaths directly attributed to seasonal influenza in 2006.https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf Table 10. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridioides difficile, by age: United States, 2006—Con. National Vital Statistics Reports: Deaths: Final Data for 2006 CDC Melonie Heron Donna L. Hoyert Sherry L. Murphy Jiaquan Xu Kenneth D. Kochanek Betzaida Tejada-Vera 2009-04-17 2009-11-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20091104081536/http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf 4 November 2009 live Many of the other deaths commonly attributed to influenza are caused by complicated influenza, where a second infection causes death, usually pneumonia (of which 48,657 of 55,477 official deaths in 2006 occurred in people aged 65 years and older).http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/185_10_201106/boy10858_fm.html Pandemic influenza: clinical issues Medical Journal of Australia Boyd, Mark 185 10 Suppl S44–7 2006-11-20 2009-11-22 17115951 etal 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00706.x 6553096 https://web.archive.org/web/20091029031252/https://mja.com.au/public/issues/185_10_201106/boy10858_fm.html October 29, 2009 live subscription The final estimate was of over 12,000 deaths throughout the pandemic (April 2009 – April 2010). H1N1 unique characteristics The CDC reported that during the outbreak about half of all influenza viruses being detected through laboratory reports were 2009 H1N1 viruses, with the other half being those of the regular seasonal influenza viruses. Surveillance reports indicated that about 57% of the 2009 H1N1 influenza confirmed and probable cases were occurring among people between 5 years and 24 years of age, and 41% of the hospitalizations were occurring among older children and young adults. The highest rates of hospitalization were among children younger than 5 years of age; the next highest hospitalization rate was in people 5 years to 24 years of age. Antibody studies showed that children had no existing cross-reactive antibody to the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, while about one-third of adults older than 60 years of age had cross-reactive antibody. One possible explanation for this pre-existing antibody in older adults was that they may have had previous exposure, either through infection or vaccination, to an influenza A H1N1 virus that was more closely related to the 2009 H1N1 flu virus.The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010 https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm CDC September 19, 2020 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417010416/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm live Based on data from previous influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza, pregnant women had been recognized as a high-risk group early in the outbreak. People with other previously recognized medical conditions that placed them at high risk of complications from seasonal influenza also appeared to be at increased risk of complications from 2009 H1N1 influenza. One report found that seventy-one percent of hospitalized patients had one or more underlying chronic medical conditions and reported deaths had occurred in people ranging in age from 22 months old to 57 years old. Also, only 13% of hospitalizations had occurred in people 50 years and older, and there were few cases and no deaths in people older than 65 years, which was unusual when compared with seasonal flu. The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010 https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm CDC September 19, 2020 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417010416/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm live Response thumb|300px|Congruent U.S. Government and WHO Pandemic Response Charts.The Federal response remained at US Pandemic Stage 0, congruent with the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Phases 1, 2 and 3;Federal Response Stages U.S. Government April 26, 2009 http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/federal/fedresponsestages.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090503181050/http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/federal/fedresponsestages.html May 3, 2009 dead Swine Flu Investigation U.S. Government April 26, 2009 http://www.pandemicflu.gov/ https://web.archive.org/web/20090426060806/http://www.pandemicflu.gov/ 26 April 2009 live however, the WHO's Pandemic Phase was raised to 4 on April 27, which is congruent with US Pandemic Stage 2.Staff Writer Mexico suspected flu toll soars April 27, 2009 BBC April 27, 2009 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8021656.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20090428021845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8021656.stm 28 April 2009 live On April 29, the WHO raised the pandemic alert level to phase 5.WHO raises pandemic alert level April 29, 2009 BBC April 29, 2009 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8025931.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20090430011654/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8025931.stm 30 April 2009 live The United States federal government declared a public health emergency, and several U.S. states then indicated that they may follow suit. Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano noted that this declaration was standard operating procedure, which was also done for the 2009 presidential inauguration and for flooding.Press Briefing on Swine Influenza April 26, 2009 Department of Homeland Security May 2, 2009 https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/releases/pr_1240773850207.shtm https://web.archive.org/web/20090430121054/https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/releases/pr_1240773850207.shtm 30 April 2009 live After many days of deliberation the WHO declared that the current influenza had become a true pandemic, raising the Pandemic Alert level to Phase 6, the highest on the WHO scale and congruent with U.S. Federal Government Response Stages 3–6.Margaret Chan World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic June 11, 2009 World Health Organization 2009-06-11 https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090612153009/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html 12 June 2009 dead Obama administration reactions thumb|250px|Barack Obama being vaccinated on Dec. 20, 2009. An official for the White House said on April 24 that "the White House is taking the situation seriously and monitoring for any new developments. The president has been fully briefed."Staff Writer White House closely following U.S. swine flu outbreak https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE53N44P20090424 Reuters April 26, 2009 2009-04-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210430/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE53N44P20090424 3 May 2009 live President Barack Obama stated that "We are closely monitoring the emerging cases of swine flu." He also noted, "This is obviously a cause for concern ... but it is not a cause for alarm."Mark Silva Obama says he has his eye on swine flu threat April 27, 2009 Los Angeles Times April 27, 2009 http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-obama-science28-2009apr28,0,6958464.story https://web.archive.org/web/20090501145708/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-obama-science28-2009apr28%2C0%2C6958464.story May 1, 2009 dead Obama suggested that U.S. schools should consider shutting down, as a future possibility, if their students were to become infected.https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/09/04/30/The-Presidents-Remarks-on-H1N1/ The President's Remarks on H1N1 2009-04-30 National Archives whitehouse.gov 2009-05-02 April 6, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230406042624/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/04/30/presidentrsquos-remarks-h1n1 live White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said the effort to get a team in place to respond to the health scare had not been hindered by the lack of a secretary of Health and Human Services or appointees in any of the department's 19 key posts.https://www.politico.com/story/2009/04/as-flu-hits-holes-in-wh-health-team-021719 As flu hits, holes in W.H. health team – Carrie Budoff Brown April 26, 2009 Politico.Com 2009-04-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20090429111250/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0409/21719.html 29 April 2009 live The president's nominee, Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius, was still awaiting confirmation from the U.S. Senate until passing on April 28. The President had not yet made appointments to either the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, the Surgeon General, or the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The current acting Surgeon General, Steven K. Galson, was also currently serving as the Acting Assistant Secretary for Health.http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/ Office of the Surgeon General (OSG) Surgeongeneral.gov 2009-04-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20090428100016/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/ 28 April 2009 live left|thumb|250px|Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius in a meeting in the Situation Room of the White House regarding the H1N1 virus. On April 30, it was reported that an aide to Steven Chu, the US Energy Secretary, had fallen ill from the virus after helping arrange President Obama's trip to Mexico.White House Aide's Family Likely Has Swine Flu GoUpstate 2009-05-01 https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/2009/05/01/white-house-aide-s-family/29501767007/ 2024-07-14 However, the White House stated that the President was not at risk of contracting the flu. Kathleen Sebelius was confirmed as the Secretary of Health and Human Services by the Senate on April 28, 2009, with a vote of 65–31.https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna30322052 Sebelius wins panel approval as health secretary 21 April 2009 NBC News 22 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180729153003/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/30322052/ July 29, 2018 liveGoldstein David Klepper, David Sebelius sworn in to Cabinet, Parkinson becomes Kansas governor The Kansas City Star 2009-04-28 http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html 2009-04-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20090430183737/http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html April 30, 2009 dead Obama declares swine flu emergency in US On October 24, President Obama declared the 2009 H1N1 swine flu a national emergency. https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE59N19E20091024 Reuters Obama declares swine flu a national emergency 24 October 2009 24 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091025232307/https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE59N19E20091024 25 October 2009 live The declaration made it easier for U.S. medical facilities to handle a surge in flu patients by allowing the waiver of some requirements of Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health insurance programs as needed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) thumb|left| In this video, Joe Bresee, with CDC's Influenza Division, describes the symptoms of swine flu and warning signs to look for that indicate the need for urgent medical attention. See also this video with subtitles: 0wK1127fHQ4 Activation of Emergency Operations Center During the week of April 19, 2009, the CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center (EOC), with RADM Stephen Redd as the Incident Commander, to augment the ongoing investigation of human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1).https://books.google.com/books?id=EXGREO7HMsAC&q=cdc+activate+h1n1+redd&pg=PA89 Information Sharing and Collaboration: Applications to Integrated Biosurveillance: Workshop Summary Olson Steve Patel Deepali M. 2012-03-01 National Academies Press 9780309224031 89 en More than 250 CDC professionals worked from the CDC EOC as part of the agency's response.CDC Responds to Swine Flu Outbreak Among Humans https://web.archive.org/web/20090503110951/http://cdc.gov/news/2009/04/swine_flu/ May 3, 2009 , US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://web.archive.org/web/20160418015639/http://www.cdc.gov/ April 18, 2016 , April 27, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-02. As of May 4, 2009, the CDC reported that it had deployed 25% of the supplies and medicines in the Strategic National Stockpile to the various states.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/ CDC H1N1 Flu Cdc.gov 2009-05-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20090910132855/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/ 2009-09-10 live Swine flu test kits As of April 29, only the CDC could confirm U.S. swine flu cases.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/specimencollection.htm Interim Guidance on Specimen Collection, Processing, and Testing for Patients with Suspected Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection Centers for Disease Control and Prevention April 30, 2009 April 30, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090502211105/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/specimencollection.htm 2 May 2009 live Besser stated during an April 30 press briefing that California and New York had diagnostic test kits, and that the kits would be sent to all states starting the following day.CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza https://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090430.htm CDC 2009-04-30 2009-05-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20090504004842/http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090430.htm 4 May 2009 live On May 6, the CDC announced that testing kits were now available for all states. It was expected this would generate an increase in the number of confirmed cases as more states began doing their own tests.https://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090506.htm CDC Press Briefing Transcripts May 6, 2009 Cdc.gov 2009-05-06 2009-05-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20090519193249/http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/2009/t090506.htm 19 May 2009 live thumb|250px|President Obama is briefed in the Situation Room about the swine flu outbreak. Influenza reporting requirements In the United States, the majority of the 70 National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) laboratories do not report the influenza A subtype.August 2022 However, in 2007, human infection with a novel influenzavirus A became a nationally notifiable condition. Novel influenza A virus infections include all human infections with influenza A viruses that are different from currently circulating human influenza H1 and H3 viruses. These viruses include those that are subtyped as nonhuman in origin and those that are unsubtypable with standard methods and reagents.https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htm Flu Activity & Surveillance Centers for Disease Control and Prevention April 17, 2009 April 26, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090427114955/http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htm 27 April 2009 live The new strain responsible for this outbreak was one such virus.August 2022 Recommendations for schools Initially the CDC had issued a recommendation that schools close for as long as two weeks if a student catches swine flu.https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/05/AR2009050500719.html Schools Shut by Flu Can Reopen The Washington Post 2009-05-06 2020-07-19 Rob Stein https://web.archive.org/web/20161119134424/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/05/AR2009050500719.html November 19, 2016 live Some school districts closed all schools if a single child was classified as probable. On May 5 the CDC retracted its advice stating that schools that were closed based on previous CDC guidance related to this outbreak may reopen.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/K12_dismissal.htm CDC H1N1 Flu | Update on School (K – 12) Dismissal and Childcare Facilities Cdc.gov 2009-05-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506020854/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/K12_dismissal.htm 6 May 2009 dead By that time at least 726 schools nationwide serving more than 480,000 students had closed for at least some period of time. The CDC amended its advice, citing new information on disease severity and the limiting effectiveness of school closure as a control measure. The new advice given stated, "Decisions about school closure should be at the discretion of local authorities based on local considerations, including public concern and the impact of school absenteeism and staffing shortages." Food and Drug Administration The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized emergency use of medicines and diagnostic tests for flu. (FDA is part of Department of Health and Human Services.)https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149571.htm FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of Influenza Medicines, Diagnostic Test in Response to Swine Flu Outbreak in Humans Fda.gov 2009-04-27 2009-07-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20090729225839/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149571.htm 29 July 2009 dead The FDA stated it was also responding to this threat by: working with other government agencies and manufacturers on a series of issues related to antiviral medications. growing the 2009 H1N1 flu virus and preparing to make vaccine seed lots, which may be used eventually to produce a safe and effective vaccine. helping to prepare reagents needed for vaccine production and coordinating closely with other public health agencies for clinical development and testing. accelerating access to new diagnostic tools for this 2009 H1N1 flu virushttps://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm150305.htm 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu virus Food and Drug Administration 2009-05-12 2009-07-31 http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090729214129/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm150305.htm July 29, 2009 dead On May 6, 2009, the FDA announced that it had approved a new manufacturing facility for seasonal flu vaccine, owned by Sanofi Pasteur, which could also be used for manufacturing a vaccine for the new H1N1 flu strain.http://www.ajc.com/health/content/shared-auto/healthnews/cdc-/626829.html Welcome to AJC! ajc.com 2009-05-06 2009-05-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20090509144003/http://www.ajc.com/health/content/shared-auto/healthnews/cdc-/626829.html 9 May 2009 live The FDA also issued a warning for consumers to be wary of products claiming to cure or prevent swine flu.https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149576.htm FDA, FTC Warn Public of Fraudulent 2009 H1N1 Influenza Products Food and Drug Administration 2009-05-01 2009-07-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20090729225734/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149576.htm 29 July 2009 dead Other federal agencies Department of Homeland Security Secretary Napolitano stated that DHS was the principal federal office for incidents such as the H1N1 flu outbreak, and "Under that role, we have been leading a true collaborative effort."https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/testimony/testimony_1241017177339.shtm DHS: Testimony by Secretary Napolitano to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on Federal Coordination in Response to the H1N1 Flu Outbreak Dhs.gov 2009-04-29 2009-05-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506165457/https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/testimony/testimony_1241017177339.shtm 6 May 2009 live The Department of Homeland Security issued a document, dated November 1, 2005, entitled "National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza", detailing planning for potential pandemics. https://web.archive.org/web/20090507013213/http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/federal/pandemic-influenza.pdf State Department The State Department suggested travelers to Mexico stay alert and comply with guidance from Mexican public health officials, but did not impose any travel restrictions on US citizens to Mexico.http://mexico.usembassy.gov/eng/eacs_warden_090425update_FluOutbreak.html Threats of Increased Violence in Ciudad Juarez during the weekend of May 23–25, 2008 Mexico.usembassy.gov 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090510052220/http://mexico.usembassy.gov/eng/eacs_warden_090425update_FluOutbreak.html 10 May 2009 dead However, the State Department did recommend US citizens avoid non-essential travel to Mexico.http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/pa/pa_3028.html Travel Alert – 2009-H1N1 Influenza Travel.state.gov 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506214913/http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/pa/pa_3028.html May 6, 2009 dead Department of Agriculture The Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported no swine in the US have been infected so far, but the USDA is monitoring swine across the US for signs of infection.https://www.usda.gov/?contentidonly=true&contentid=2009/04/0131.xml Release No. 0131.09 Usda.gov 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506220131/http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/?contentidonly=true&contentid=2009%2F04%2F0131.xml May 6, 2009 live Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce sent a letter to Russia and China requesting that those countries lift their ban on American pork products.ksullivan http://www.commerce.gov/NewsRoom/PressReleases_FactSheets/PROD01_007941 Department of Commerce – Press Releases, Fact Sheets and Opinion Editorials – Commerce Secretary Gary Locke Urges China, Russia to End Ban on U.S. Pork Commerce.gov 2009-05-01 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090507034844/http://www.commerce.gov/NewsRoom/PressReleases_FactSheets/PROD01_007941 7 May 2009 dead Department of Defense The Department of Defense (DOD) monitored the swine flu situation and had contingency plans to deal with such outbreaks.http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=54088 DefenseLink News Article: Military Monitors H1N1 Flu With Focus on Protecting Force Defenselink.mil 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090506080713/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=54088 6 May 2009 dead As of May 7, 2009, the DOD reported 104 confirmed cases among Armed Forces personnel and their families. DOD maintained a daily summary and map.http://fhp.osd.mil/aiWatchboard/ DoD Pandemic Influenza Watchboard – U.S. DoD Official Website Fhp.osd.mil 2009-05-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20090525185145/http://fhp.osd.mil/aiWatchboard/ 25 May 2009 dead Department of Education The Department of Education provided guidance to schools in the US affected by swine flu, as well as precautions to take.http://www.edgovblogs.org/duncan/2009/04/additional-flu-resources-for-school-leaders-seeking-guidance/ Additional Flu Resources for School Leaders Seeking Guidance – ED.gov Blog Edgovblogs.org 2009-04-29 2009-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20090505072306/http://www.edgovblogs.org/duncan/2009/04/additional-flu-resources-for-school-leaders-seeking-guidance/ May 5, 2009 dead mdy-all State and local Schools closed in many states in response to local flu outbreaks. By April 30, 2009, 300 U.S. schools and school districts had announced closures in response to the outbreak, giving 169,000 students time off.https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iVi40liSCcy6QuawOiik3az8ceiA US closes 300 schools amid swine flu scare April 30, 2009 Google News 2009-04-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20110303093545/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iVi40liSCcy6QuawOiik3az8ceiA March 3, 2011 Agence France-Presse On May 4, 2009, about 533 schools in 24 states in the U.S. were closed, affecting about 330,000 students.May 4, 2009 Flu-Related School Closings Spread to 24 States https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/flu-related-school-closings-spread-to-24-states/2009/05 Education Week The Associated Press 4 March 2026 On September 25, 2009, 42 schools were closed in eight states as the second wave of the pandemic began.https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/26/AR2009092601254.html Swine Flu Surge Closes Schools, Tests Hospitals Stein Rob September 27, 2009 The Washington Post 2009-09-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20090928041850/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/26/AR2009092601254.html September 28, 2009 On May 5, Kathleen Sebelius stated in a CDC news conference that school closures for single confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza were unnecessary, but that children displaying an influenza-like illness should stay home.https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/press/ CDC Press Briefing Transcripts May 5, 2009 2009-05-05 Centers for Disease Control 2009-05-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20090504031751/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/press/ 4 May 2009 live Travel industry Several US airlines waived fees for cancellations and flight changes.Miles Kent A. http://www.ajc.com/business/content/business/delta/stories/2009/04/27/airline_fees_flu.html Airlines waiving change fees amid swine flu scare April 27, 2009 2009-05-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20090430055412/http://www.ajc.com/business/content/business/delta/stories/2009/04/27/airline_fees_flu.html April 30, 2009 The Atlanta Journal-Constitution At least one cruise line changed itinerary to avoid Mexican ports of call.Allen Mike http://www.sdbj.com/industry_article.asp?aID=47999878.5516779.1777724.4325329.569692.256&aID2=136739 Flu Forces Cruise Lines to Reroute Ships to San Diego San Diego Business Journal April 5, 2009 2009-05-05 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090630144402/http://www.sdbj.com/industry_article.asp?aID=47999878.5516779.1777724.4325329.569692.256&aID2=136739 June 30, 2009 Summary February 2011 2009A(H1N1) Outbreak and pandemic milestones 28 March United States First case in the US of what would later be identified as swine flu origin. 21 April California First case confirmed in California. 23 April Texas First case confirmed in Texas. 25 April Kansas First case confirmed in Kansas. United States Community outbreaks confirmed in the United States. 26 April New York First case confirmed in New York. Ohio First case confirmed in Ohio. Acting HHS Secretary Charles E. Johnson declares 2009 H1N1 a public health emergencyhttps://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-pandemic-timeline.html 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Timeline May 8, 2019 March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200305201902/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-pandemic-timeline.html March 5, 2020 live https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0 Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312101855/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0 March 12, 2020 National Archives whitehouse.gov live 28 April Indiana First case confirmed in Indiana. 29 April Texas First non-US citizen death confirmed in Texas.Nevada First case confirmed in Nevada.Arizona First case confirmed in Arizona.Maine First case confirmed in Maine.Massachusetts First case confirmed in Massachusetts.Michigan First case confirmed in Michigan. 30 April Nebraska First case confirmed in Nebraska.South Carolina First case confirmed in South Carolina.Minnesota First case confirmed in Minnesota.Colorado First case confirmed in Colorado.Virginia First case confirmed in Virginia.Kentucky First case confirmed in Kentucky.New Jersey First case confirmed in New Jersey. 1 May Florida First case confirmed in Florida.Missouri First case confirmed in Missouri.Connecticut First case confirmed in Connecticut.Delaware First case confirmed in Delaware. 2 May New Mexico First case confirmed in New Mexico.Utah First case confirmed in Utah.New Hampshire First case confirmed in New Hampshire.Rhode Island First case confirmed in Rhode Island.Iowa First case confirmed in Iowa.Wisconsin First case confirmed in Wisconsin.Alabama First case confirmed in Alabama. 3 May Idaho First case confirmed in Idaho.Pennsylvania First case confirmed in Pennsylvania.Louisiana 2006 First case confirmed in Louisiana.North Carolina First case confirmed in North Carolina.Tennessee First case confirmed in Tennessee. 4 May Oregon First case confirmed in Oregon. Georgia (U.S. state) First case confirmed in Georgia. Maryland First case confirmed in Maryland. 5 May Washington First case confirmed in Washington. Oklahoma First case confirmed in Oklahoma. Hawaii First case confirmed in Hawaii. Texas First US citizen death confirmed in Texas. 6 May District of Columbia First case confirmed in District of Columbia. 7 May South Dakota First case confirmed in South Dakota. 8 May Vermont First case confirmed in Vermont.Arkansas First case confirmed in Arkansas. 9 May Washington First death confirmed in Washington. 11 May Montana First case confirmed in Montana. 13 May North Dakota First case confirmed in North Dakota. 14 May Arizona First death confirmed in Arizona. 15 May Mississippi 2001 First case confirmed in Mississippi. 17 May New York First death confirmed in New York. 19 May Missouri First death confirmed in Missouri. 20 May Utah First death confirmed in Utah. 25 May Illinois First death confirmed in Illinois. 26 May Puerto Rico First case confirmed in Puerto Rico. 27 May Wyoming First case confirmed in Wyoming. Alaska First case confirmed in Alaska. 2 JuneWest Virginia First case confirmed in West Virginia. All 50 states have confirmed H1N1. Virginia First death confirmed in Virginia. 3 June Michigan First death confirmed in Michigan. Connecticut First death confirmed in Connecticut. 4 June California First death confirmed in California. 5 June Pennsylvania First death confirmed in Pennsylvania. Wisconsin First death confirmed in Wisconsin. 8 June Oregon First death confirmed in Oregon. Oklahoma First death confirmed in Oklahoma. 15 June New Jersey First death confirmed in New Jersey. Massachusetts First death confirmed in Massachusetts. Minnesota First death confirmed in Minnesota. 16 June Florida First death confirmed in Florida. Rhode Island First death confirmed in Rhode Island. United States Virgin Islands First case confirmed in US Virgin Islands. 23 June Maryland First death confirmed in Maryland. 24 June North Carolina First death confirmed in North Carolina. 26 June American Samoa First case confirmed in American Samoa. 29 June Hawaii First death confirmed in Hawaii. 1 July Guam First case confirmed in Guam. 6 July Ohio First death confirmed in Ohio. Nevada First death confirmed in Nevada. 10 July Indiana First death confirmed in Indiana. Georgia (U.S. state) First death confirmed in Georgia. 15 July Nebraska First death confirmed in Nebraska. Tennessee First death confirmed in Tennessee. 20 July Guam First death confirmed in Guam. 21 July Northern Mariana Islands First case confirmed in Northern Mariana Islands. 27 July Alaska First death confirmed in Alaska. 29 July Alabama First death confirmed in Alabama. Colorado First death confirmed in Colorado. 3 August Iowa First death confirmed in Iowa. 6 August Kansas First death confirmed in Kansas. Montana First death confirmed in Montana. Mississippi 2001 First death confirmed in Mississippi. 8 August Arkansas First death confirmed in Arkansas. 10 August New Mexico First death confirmed in New Mexico. 13 August Maine First death confirmed in Maine. Louisiana 2006 First death confirmed in Louisiana. 14 August United States First case of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance confirmed. 17 August New Hampshire First death confirmed in New Hampshire. 19 August Wyoming First death confirmed in Wyoming. 28 August South Carolina First death confirmed in South Carolina. 2 September United States Virgin Islands First death confirmed in US Virgin Islands. 3 September Kentucky First death confirmed in Kentucky. 4 September West Virginia First death confirmed in West Virginia. 10 September United States First Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance spread from person to person confirmed. 28 September Idaho First death confirmed in Idaho. 2 October South Dakota First death confirmed in South Dakota. 22 October Delaware First death confirmed in Delaware. 26 October North Dakota First death confirmed in North Dakota. 28 October President Obama declares H1N1 a National Emergency. Vermont First death confirmed in Vermont. All 50 states have confirmed H1N1 deaths. 4 November Iowa First feline zoonosis confirmed in Iowa. 19 November American Samoa First death confirmed in American Samoa. Oregon First feline death confirmed in Oregon. 24 November West Virginia First double infection case confirmed in West Virginia. See also COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Spanish flu References External links US declares public health emergency over spread of swine flu U.S. federal government PandemicFlu.gov – Access to U.S. Government swine, avian and pandemic flu information. U.S. Centers For Disease Control (CDC) H1N1 Flu – Updates periodically as the CDC releases new information Medical Encyclopedia Medline Plus: Swine Flu Encyclopic Information from the National Institutes of Health International organizations World Health Organization (WHO) Influenza A(H1N1) page – Updates periodically and links to archived WHO releases Other websites H1N1 Swine Flu in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Students Prep America for High School & College Students and Families Get Pandemic Ready Influenza Research Database – Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information. Utah Man, 22, With Swine Flu Dies, Fox News, Associated Press reference, May 20, 2009. USA Today – State-by-state preparations Medical Encyclopedia WebMD: Swine Flu Center Worldwide Confirmed and Suspected Cases New York City New York City Health Department Flu pandemic United States Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Presidency of Barack Obama Category:Influenza outbreaks in the United States