1924 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atl 1924 1924 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png June 18, 1924 November 24, 1924 "Cuba" 145 910 11 5 2 1 179 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926 1920–24 Pacific hurricane seasons 1920–1937 Pacific typhoon seasons 1920s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons The 1924 Atlantic hurricane season featured the first officially recorded Category 5 hurricane, a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds exceeding 165 mph km/h on on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. The first system, Tropical Storm One, was first detected in the northwestern Caribbean Sea on June 18. The final system, an unnumbered tropical depression, dissipated on November 24. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Of the 13 tropical cyclones of the season, six existed simultaneously. The season was average with 11 tropical storms, five of which strengthened into hurricanes. Further, two of those five intensified into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Ten, nicknamed the 1924 Cuba hurricane. It struck western Cuba as a Category 5 hurricane, before weakening and making landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane. Severe damage and 90 fatalities were collectively reported at both locations. Another system, Hurricane Four, brought strong winds and flooding to the Leeward Islands. The storm left 59 deaths, 30 of which were on Montserrat alone. Several other tropical cyclones impacted land, including Tropical Storms One, Eight, and Ten, as well as Hurricanes Three and Five, and the remnants of Hurricane Three and Four. Overall, the storms of the 1924 Atlantic hurricane season collectively caused at least 179 fatalities. The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 100, above the 1921–1930 average of 76.6.Christopher W. Landsea February 1, 2012 A Reanalysis of the 1921–30 Atlantic Hurricane Database 25 3 https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/25/3/jcli-d-11-00026.1.xml?tab_body=pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 869 etal September 6, 2021 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00026.1 PDF Journal of Climate Miami, Florida 2012JCli...25..865L free ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph km/h on, which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 2021 Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT October 1, 2021 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html Miami, Florida Timeline Systems Tropical Storm One Atl Tropical Storm One weather map, June 20, 1924.jpg AL01 1924 path.png June 18 June 21 40 < 1005 A tropical storm was detected 75 mi km on 5 southeast of Chetumal, Quintana Roo, on June 18. It made landfall on northern Belize with estimated winds near 45 mph (75 km/h). Pressures were progressively decreasing over the preceding days in the northwestern Caribbean Sea.http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/mwr_pdf/1924.pdf Monthly Weather Review 1924 United States Weather Bureau August 18, 2013 The tropical system crossed the Yucatán Peninsula, emerging over the Bay of Campeche on June 19 with 40 mph km/h on winds. It re-strengthened over water and re-attained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Early on June 21, the storm made landfall 115 mi km on 5 south of Tampico, Tamaulipas. It quickly dissipated over land. The cyclone was classified as a weak disturbance, and strong winds were not recorded throughout the life span of the storm. Squalls affected the Texas coast, prompting advisories for small watercraft. Heavy rainfall was reported in Mexico. Tropical Storm Two Atl Tropical Storm Two weather map, July 30, 1924.jpg AL02 1924 path.png July 28 July 30 55 < 999 Toward the end of July, a decaying cold front off the east coast of Florida resulted in the formation of a tropical storm, which possessed some hybrid cyclone characteristics. The storm tracked northeast, steadily intensifying to reach peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) as it passed near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Thereafter, the system weakened over colder sea surface temperatures. On July 30, it was absorbed by a cold front to the south of Nova Scotia. Hurricane Three Atl Hurricane Three weather analysis, August 24, 1924.jpg AL03 1924 path.png August 16 August 26 105 963 The third tropical cyclone of the season formed 420 mi km on 5 southeast of Barbados on August 16. It moved northwest and crossed the eastern Caribbean as a minimal tropical storm on August 18. It passed just east of Puerto Rico and re-entered the Atlantic Ocean on August 9. It quickly strengthened, reaching hurricane status by the following day. The cyclone slowed and turned west on August 21, and it continued to strengthen east of the northern Bahamas. The cyclone strengthened to a peak intensity of 120 mph (195 km/h) north of Grand Bahama on August 24. At the time, the storm was nearly stationary. The cyclone turned sharply north, remaining offshore the East Coast of the United States. The quickly weakened on August 25 and passed close to Cape Hatteras on the next day. It transitioned to an extratropical cyclone, before passing over Nova Scotia on August 27. The approach of the storm led to the issuance of storm warnings from Miami, Florida, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on August 22. Hurricane warnings extended from Beaufort, North Carolina, to Cape Henry, Virginia. In advance of the storm, radio broadcasts also advised shipping interests to remain cautious north of Puerto Rico. No damages occurred along the coast because of the recurving storm. Peak wind gusts reached 74 mph km/h on at Hatteras, North Carolina, and two people drowned along the coast.James E. Hudgins Tropical Cyclones Affecting North Carolina since 1566 – An Historical Perspective Blacksburg, Virginia National Weather Service 2008-03-18 http://repository.wrclib.noaa.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=nws_tech_memos April 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20070311045226/http://repository.wrclib.noaa.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=nws_tech_memos March 11, 2007 Damage was minimal, though Ocracoke Island was flooded during the storm. The White Star passenger liner Arabic 1920 2 was battered by the storm on August 26 while the ship was off the Nantucket Shoals. The ship arrived in New York the following day with 75 injured after having what was reported as a "100-foot wave" crash over the liner. Gale-lashed Arabic docks with 75 hurt; 4 other liners hit August 28, 1924 The New York Times 1 The remnants of the hurricane caused severe damage to electrical and telegraph lines and trees in Atlantic Canada, especially in Nova Scotia. Offshore, maritime incidents relating to the storm resulted in the drownings of 26 people after their schooners capsized.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=8B54944A-1 1924-2 Environment Canada November 19, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130703050556/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=8B54944A-1 July 3, 2013 February 7, 2021 live August tropical depression thumb|205x205px|Weather map of the tropical depression on August 22 On August 22, a strong tropical wave merged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa and quickly developed into a tropical depression later that day. A nearby ship recorded a sustained wind speed of 40 mph km/h on and a barometric pressure of 1009 mbar inHg on. However, because no other gale-force winds were observed, the depression was not upgraded to a tropical storm by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project in 2009. The depression moved northwestward through the Cape Verde Islands but likely dissipated on August 23.Christopher W. Landsea etal Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory October 1, 2021 Hurricane Four Atl Hurricane Four weather map, August 31, 1924.jpg AL04 1924 path.png August 26 September 3 95 < 965 The fourth tropical storm of the season developed 800 mi km on 5 southeast of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe on August 25. Initially, it moved west on August 26. On August 27, it turned west-northwest and intensified as it approached the Lesser Antilles. It strengthened to a hurricane on August 28 and crossed Cudjoe Head on the island of Montserrat. A minimum pressure of 965 mbar inHg on was recorded. The cyclone turned northwest, crossing the northeastern Caribbean near Anguilla on August 29. The hurricane continued to intensify over the western Atlantic and peaked with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) when it was located 755 mi km on 5 south-southeast of Bermuda on August 30. The cyclone recurved northward on September 2 and weakened to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on September 3. The storm lost tropical characteristics on September 4, but retained hurricane-force winds when it struck Nova Scotia on September 5. In the Virgin Islands, the cyclone destroyed hundreds of homes and severely damaged crops. Several deaths were reported. Heavy precipitation caused flooding on several islands in the path of the storm. On Saint Thomas, small boats were wrecked and trees were uprooted by the winds.The Daily Gleaner 1924 New Storm Hard on Heels of its Predecessor More than 6,000 people were homeless on Montserrat, while 30 were dead and 200 received wounds. Damages were estimated near £100,000 on the island.The Daily Gleaner 1924 Fund Opened to Aid Sufferers by Hurricane The Red Cross donated $3,000 and fed victims after the storm.The Bridgeport Telegram https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84220220/the-bridgeport-telegram/ September 4, 1924 18 Red Cross Feeds Homeless Victims After Hurricane August 27, 2021 Newspapers.com In total, damages reached £86,000 and at least 59 people were killed in the Leeward Islands. Offshore Newfoundland, at least two people drowned and ten others were reported as missing after they abandoned their schooner.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=23E7D8DF-1 1924-3 Environment Canada November 19, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130703050602/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=23E7D8DF-1 July 3, 2013 February 7, 2021 live Hurricane Five Atl Hurricane Five weather map, September 15, 1924.jpg AL05 1924 path.png September 13 September 17 75 980 On September 12, a strong tropical storm developed 85 mi (140 km) southwest of Key West, Florida. It moved northwest, quickly strengthening to a hurricane on September 13. Shortly thereafter, the storm attained maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). Late on September 14, the cyclone turned northeast, and it struck the Florida Panhandle near Port St. Joe on September 15. The hurricane quickly weakened to a tropical storm as it moved inland, crossing southern Georgia on September 16. It entered the Atlantic near Savannah, with winds near 45 mph (75 km/h). The storm accelerated east-northeastward, becoming extratropical off Cape Hatteras on September 17. The system was last detected on September 19 south of Newfoundland. In Florida, minor damage to properties was reported. Wind gusts reached 75 – 80 mph km/h on in Port St. Joe. Two fishing vessels were blown ashore in the area, while a schooner was wrecked near Carrabelle. Advance warnings reduced the potential damages in northwest Florida. Heavy rains fell across the Florida panhandle, the Carolinas, and southeast Virginia, with the highest amount reported of 14.83 in mm on at Beaufort, North Carolina.SA 3–16 Storm Total Rainfall In The United States United States Army Corps of Engineers War Department 1945 In Georgia, heavy precipitation caused two deaths and significant crop damage. Most of Brownton was destroyed by floods.The Chronicle-Telegram 1924 Hurricane Hits Georgia Towns Gale-force winds also occurred along the Eastern Seaboard, though warnings were released in advance of the winds. Operationally, the cyclone was not believed to have attained hurricane intensity. The hurricane was generally unexpected in the Tampa, Florida, area.Robert W. Burpee December 1989 Gordon E. Dunn: Preeminent Forecaster of Midlatitude Storms and Tropical Cyclones Weather and Forecasting American Meteorological Society Miami, Florida 4 4 573–584 1520-0434 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0434(1986)001%3C0108:CLMRFB%3E2.0.CO;2 2011-12-23 10.1175/1520-0434(1989)004<0573:GEDPFO>2.0.CO;2 1989WtFor...4..573B free subscription In Nova Scotia, the remnants of the cyclone dropped 2.7 in mm on of precipitation in Halifax, one of the heaviest rainfall episodes in that municipality in 1924.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=560F1E51-1 1924-4 November 19, 2009 Environment Canada February 7, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130703050608/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=560F1E51-1 July 3, 2013 live Tropical Storm Six Atl Tropical Storm Six weather map, September 21, 1924.jpg AL06 1924 path.png September 20 September 22 40 ≤ 1005 On September 20, a weak tropical storm was observed over the islands of Cape Verde while moving slowly northwestward through the archipelago. Ship observations were sparse in tracking the storm; it was last observed on September 22. Tropical Storm Seven Atl Tropical Storm Seven weather map, September 28, 1924.jpg AL07 1924 path.png September 24 October 3 45 < 1007 It is estimated a tropical depression formed south of the Cape Verde islands on September 24. It moved generally west-northwestward and slowly intensified. By September 28 it began recurving northward as winds increased to about 50 mph (85 km/h). The storm weakened and later re-intensified to the same peak intensity on October 2. It became extratropical on October 3, while turning northeastward. The remnants were absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 5. Tropical Storm Eight Atl Tropical Storm Eight weather map, September 29, 1924.jpg AL08 1924 path.png September 27 September 29 55 ≤ 999 Low pressures were reported in the northwestern Caribbean Sea from September 23 through September 27. On the latter day, a minimal tropical storm formed over the southwestern Caribbean Sea east of Roatán, Honduras. On September 28, the cyclone moved northward and slowly intensified, passing east of Cozumel. On September 29, it entered the southern Gulf of Mexico and soon peaked with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). However, the storm then accelerated northeastward and transitioned to an extratropical system with 60 mph (95 km/h) winds on September 29. Later, the cyclone entered the Big Bend of Florida near Cedar Key. Thereafter, the storm moved rapidly northeastward across the coastal Southeastern United States and was last detected over western New England on September 30. Storm warnings were released for the eastern Gulf Coast of the United States on September 29, advising residents to prepare for gale-force winds. Warnings were also issued from Jacksonville, Florida, to Fort Monroe, Virginia. Eventually, warnings also encompassed the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States. Gale-force winds affected the East Coast of the United States. Tropical Storm Nine Atl Tropical Storm Nine weather map, October 12, 1924.jpg AL09 1924 path.png October 11 October 15 50 < 1004 The pattern that led to the formation of this system led to a significant heavy rainfall event in eastern Florida, which experienced prolonged easterly flow within its northeastern periphery. Between October 4 and October 11, 36.45 in mm on 5 fell at New Smyrna.SA 4–20 Storm Total Rainfall In The United States United States Army Corps of Engineers War Department 1945 Early on October 12, the sixth tropical cyclone of the season developed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico about 280 mi km on 5 southwest of Saint Petersburg, Florida. At the time, the storm was estimated to have attained its maximum intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h). It moved quickly southwest and weakened to a minimal tropical storm on October 13. The system weakened to a tropical depression on October 14 and dissipated over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico the following day. Operationally, the system was classified as a moderate disturbance.The Port Arthur News 1924 Short Stories Hurricane Ten Atl Cuba hurricane weather map, October 19, 1924.jpg AL10 1924 path.png October 14 October 23 145 910 The Great Cuba Hurricane of 1924 1924 Cuba hurricane Late on October 13, a minimal tropical storm formed in the western Caribbean Sea east-northeast of northern Honduras. The storm moved slowly west-northwest and gradually turned north on October 15. Later that day, it steadily intensified, attaining hurricane intensity on October 17. It strengthened to the equivalent of a major hurricane on October 19. The storm then struck the Pinar del Río Province of Cuba with sustained winds of 165 mph (270 km/h). On October 20, the hurricane turned east-northeast in response to the southward movement of a ridge. It quickly weakened and made landfall near Naples, Florida, as a Category 1 hurricane.Eric S. Blake Edward N. Rappaport Christopher W. Landsea 2006 The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones (1851 to 2006) National Hurricane Center August 18, 2013 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20080307022821/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf 7 March 2008 live The storm entered the Atlantic Ocean north of Miami with 70 mph km/h on winds. The cyclone steadily weakened as it moved across the western Atlantic Ocean, before dissipating west-southwest of Bermuda on October 23. Following reanalysis released in March 2009, the storm was re-classified as a Category 5 with winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 910 mbar inHg on.National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 2009 August 18, 2013 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/re_anal.html Re-Analysis Project; March 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090327091843/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/re_anal.html 27 March 2009 live In Cuba, at least 90 people were killed.http://www.cubahurricanes.org/history-hurricanes-chronicles.php Cuba Hurricanes Historic Threats CubaHurricanes.org 2008-03-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20080422081709/http://www.cubahurricanes.org/history-hurricanes-chronicles.php 22 April 2008 live The hurricane produced severe damage to crops and buildings across western Cuba, injuring 50–100 people in Arroyos de Mantua.Associated Press https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84220113/oakland-tribune/ October 22, 1924 12 Killed, 100 Hurt in Hurricane in Florida Oakland Tribune August 27, 2021 32 Newspapers.com In Florida, watercraft were secured and trees were trimmed in anticipation of the storm. Peak wind gusts reached 66 mph km/h on in Key West, where damage to vegetation was minimal. The hurricane produced heavy precipitation across southern Florida, peaking at 23.22 in mm on 5 on Marco Island.Barnes, Jay (1998). Florida's Hurricane History. Page 108. The rains caused flooding in Palm Beach County, disrupting traffic on highways and railroads. The measured totals of 11.21 in mm on 5 were believed to have been the highest rainfall in the county over the past 15 years. Peak gusts reached 68 mph km/h on across the mainland of southern Florida, while sailing trips from southeastern Florida were cancelled. Telegraph wires were disabled in Fort Myers and Punta Gorda, though damages were minimal.Associated Press 1924 Gulf Tornado Takes 13 Lives-50 are Injured The San Antonio Express Hurricane Eleven Atl Hurricane Eleven weather map, November 10, 1924.jpg AL11 1924 path.png November 5 November 14 70 < 994 Early on November 5, a tropical storm formed in the southern Caribbean Sea, while located about 275 mi km on 5 north-northwest of Panama City, Panama. The system moved northward with winds of minimal intensity, and it struck Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, on November 7 with 40 mph km/h on sustained winds. Early on November 8, the storm re-emerged into the Caribbean from the island's north coast and strengthened prior to making landfall in Cuba west of Santiago de Cuba on November 9. Later, the cyclone strengthened to a hurricane as it entered the Atlantic and turned northeast over the Turks and Caicos Islands on November 10. The hurricane accelerated while heading away from the Turks and Caicos Islands on November 11. Shortly thereafter, it attained a peak intensity of 80 mph km/h on and maintained Category 1 status until November 13. The system passed east of Bermuda and weakened to a tropical storm on November 14. It quickly became extratropical and was last reported on November 15. November tropical depression thumb|205x205px|Weather map of the tropical depression on November 23 Historic weather maps and observations from ships indicate that a tropical depression formed in the southwestern Caribbean on November 23. The depression tracked westward and organized further, though the highest sustained wind speed observed in relation to the system was 29 mph km/h on. By November 24, the depression dissipated. See also Tropical cyclones 1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons 1900–1950 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons 1920s Australian region cyclone seasons References 2 External links Monthly Weather Review Unisys tracking data for 1924 1920 Atlantic hurricane 1924 Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:Meteorological events in 1924 Category:1924 natural disasters