1933 Cuba–Bahamas hurricane

Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1933 Cuba–Bahamas hurricane 1933 Hurricane Seventeen analysis 5 Oct.png Surface weather analysis of the hurricane near Florida on October 5 October 1, 1933 October 8, 1933 October 9, 1933 110 130 958 < 1933 10 direct 1100000 Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Cuba, Florida, The Bahamas, Atlantic Canada 1933 Atlantic hurricane season The 1933 Cuba–Bahamas hurricane was the last of six major hurricanes, or at least a Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale,The Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale was developed in 1971,Jack Williams Hurricane scale invented to communicate storm danger USA Today 2005-05-17 2013-08-04 https://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/whscale.htm and has been retroactively applied to the entirety of the Atlantic hurricane database.Hurricane Research Division Chronological List of All Continental United States Hurricanes: 1851-2012 June 2013 2013-08-03 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html "nb" in the active 1933 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed on October 1 in the Caribbean Sea as the seventeenth tropical storm, and initially moved slowly to the north. While passing west of Jamaica, the storm damaged banana plantations and killed one person. On October 3, the storm became a hurricane, and the next day crossed western Cuba. Advance warning in the country prevented any storm-related fatalities, although four people suspected of looting were shot and killed during a curfew in Havana. After entering the Florida Straits, the hurricane turned to the northeast, producing tropical storm winds along the Florida Keys. High rainfall caused flooding, while three tornadoes spawned by the storm damaged houses in the Miami area. The hurricane reached peak winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) on October 6 while east of the Bahamas. It subsequently weakened and became extratropical on October 8. The former hurricane lashed the coast of Nova Scotia with high winds and rain, leaving about $1 million (1933 CAD) in damage. Rough seas sank several ships and killed nine people in the region. The remnants of the hurricane eventually dissipated on October 9 to the south of Newfoundland. Meteorological history AL17 1933 path.png new Toward the end of September 1933, there was a large area of disturbed weather across the southern Caribbean Sea.Willis E. Hurd Monthly Weather Review American Meteorological Society Weather of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans 309–310 2013-09-29 October 1933 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/061/mwr-061-10-0309b.pdf 10.1175/1520-0493(1933)61<309b:nao>2.0.co;2 61 10 1933MWRv...61..309H free By September 30, a low pressure area developed south of San Andrés island. The next day, observations from a station at Cabo Gracias a Dios and a ship indicated a tropical storm had developed off the eastern coast of Honduras. Low atmospheric pressure suggested the system had winds of tropical storm force despite lack of direct observations. Moving northward, the storm gained size as it slowly intensified. Based on observations and interpolation of data, it is estimated the storm became a hurricane early on October 3 while passing west of Jamaica.Chris Landsea May 2012 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT (1933) Hurricane Research Division 2013-09-29 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_1933.html#1933_17 etal That day, a station at South Negril Point that day reported a force 8 on the Beaufort scale, well to the east of the center. While approaching the southern coast of Cuba, the hurricane reached estimated winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). At 09:00 UTC on October 4, the hurricane made landfall on the Zapata Peninsula of Cuba, followed by a second landfall on the Cuban mainland three hours later, after which it crossed the island as a Category 2 hurricane. Beginning at 16:00 UTC that day, the capital, Havana, observed the passage of the eye, where a pressure of 28.81 inHg mbar on was reported. Now very large in size, the hurricane weakened slightly over land before emerging into the Straits of Florida and re-intensifying. On October 5, it turned to the northeast while remaining southeast of the Florida mainland, although the strongest winds remained over water. At 12:00 UTC that day the storm reached winds of 115 mph (185 km/h)—major hurricane status—as a ship peripherally recorded 28.53 inHg mb on. Overnight the storm deepened further, crossing the northern Bahamas with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). Early on October 6 while the hurricane was moving past the Bahamas, a ship reported a pressure of 28.30 inHg mb on and hurricane-force winds, implying that the storm's central pressure was at most 940 mb inHg on, a value normally suggestive of 132 mi/h km/h on winds. Based on the ship and the storm's size, the maximum sustained winds were estimated at 125 mph (205 km/h), although another ship nearer to the Bahamas estimated winds of 150 mph km/h on. (Before reanalysis in 2012, the storm was classified as a strong Category 4 due to the latter's data.) The storm maintained peak winds for about 18 hours, after which it weakened while accelerating to the northeast. After passing to the west of Bermuda on October 7, the hurricane became extratropical the next day while still maintaining hurricane-force winds. The storm brushed the coast of Nova Scotia before it was last noted approaching another extratropical storm on October 9 to the south of Atlantic Canada. Preparations and impact Early in its duration, the developing storm brushed the coast of Honduras with light winds. In Jamaica, gusts approached hurricane force, while heavy rainfall damaged transportation in Kingston. The storm wrecked small houses and damaged the local banana industry. There was one death in Jamaica.The Pittsburgh Press United Press 1933-10-04 Gale Hits Cuba: Heading for U.S. 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gyQbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bksEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3453,123949&dq=hurricane&hl=en The storm prompted Cuban officials to declare a curfew for the capital in the midst of political upheaval following a coup. A newspaper described the curfew before the storm as "the most peaceful night in a week."Associated Press 1933-10-04 Gale Halts Cuba Riots The Calgary Daily Herald 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RxtkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JXsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2986,3406995&dq=hurricane&hl=en However, the government ordered soldiers in Havana to shoot anyone suspected of looting, and four looters were killed during the storm's passage.1933-10-05 Four Killed in Havana During Storm Looting Lewiston Evening Journal 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=60ApAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pWYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2965,244755&dq=hurricane&hl=en Heavy associated rainfall caused rivers to overflow in three provinces, flooding low-lying areas. In Cienfuegos, the storm destroyed several houses. Offshore northern Cuba, two United States ships took shelter at the port in Matanzas due to rough seas. High tides flooded the Havana waterfront up to 3 ft m on deep,The Lewiston Daily Sun 1933-10-05 Looting in Havana, Storm Threatens United Press 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yM4gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tGoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2433,305171&dq=cuba+storm&hl=en and several boats sank at the city's harbor. Due to advance warning and evacuations, there were no direct deaths in the country,Hurricane Dampens Cuban Strife Ardor The Border Cities Star 1933-10-04 United Press 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MRA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=yk4MAAAAIBAJ&pg=3544,874498&dq=hurricane&hl=en and 20 people were injured. Storm warnings were issued on the west coast of Florida to Boca Grande and on the east coast to Titusville, with hurricane warnings for the Florida Keys.The Meriden Daily Journal Associated Press 1933-10-04 Florida Keys Fly Warnings of Hurricane 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-qxIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ewENAAAAIBAJ&pg=950,768626&dq=hurricane&hl=en Although the hurricane passed just southeast of the Florida Keys, the highest winds reported in Florida were 44 mph km/h on in Key West. The storm passed closest to Long Key, where winds were estimated at 63 mph km/h on, due to being on the weak side of the storm. Farther north, Miami reported winds of 35 mph km/h on. Rainfall reached over 11 in mm on in 24 hours in Key West.St. Petersburg Times Associated Press 1933-10-03 Storm Moving over Atlantic 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g1JPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5E0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3638,1368512&dq=hurricane&hl=en There, the storm knocked over several trees and caused some power outages. Portions of the city were flooded while boats were washed ashore. Elsewhere in Florida, three tornadoes—a few retroactively rated F2 by tornado historian Thomas P. Grazulis—were reported during the hurricane's passage. In Fort Lauderdale, a tornado injured one person, and another one in Miami unroofed four homes and injured two. The third tornado was in Hollywood, where several houses were damaged; there a home and lumber company were unroofed as well.Mary O. Souder Monthly Weather Review 319 October 1933 61 10 Severe Local Storms 2013-09-25 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/061/mwr-061-10-0319.pdf 10.1175/1520-0493(1933)61<319:slso>2.0.co;2 1933MWRv...61..319. free1933-10-05 Florida Coast Escapes Fury of Hurricane Associated Press Lewiston Evening Journal 2013-10-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=60ApAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pWYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2965,244755&dq=hurricane&hl=enGrazulis Thomas P. Thomas P. Grazulis Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events July 1993 The Tornado Project of Environmental Films St. Johnsbury, Vermont 853 1-879362-03-1 Later as the hurricane moved through the Bahamas, it produced winds of 100 mph km/h on at Hope Town and 91 mph km/h on at Millville, both on Abaco. The storm caused minor structural damage on Green Turtle Cay but severe damage to farms there. At Nassau the storm downed trees and unroofed some homes.Neely Wayne 2019 The Greatest and Deadliest Hurricanes to Impact the Bahamas Cheyenne, Wyoming UrLink 553, 560 978-1-64753-121-8 The outer periphery of the storm brushed Nantucket to the west with winds of 39 mph km/h on and Bermuda to the east with 46 mph km/h on. While moving offshore Atlantic Canada, the former hurricane produced gale-force winds, peaking at 52 mph km/h on in Halifax, Nova Scotia. There, the storm also dropped heavy rainfall reaching 9.84 in mm on over two days, including 3.6 in mm on in 24 hours. Flooding covered streets in the province, causing traffic jams, and farmlands. In Annapolis Valley, the rainfall washed out a bridge while the winds damaged about one-third of the apple crop. The dam at Chocolate Lake overflowed due to the rainfall, and a dam broke in Great Village, destroying a nearby bridge. Many trees fell during the storm, resulting in power outages after some fell onto lines. Outside Nova Scotia, the storm produced winds of 51 mph km/h on in Shediac, New Brunswick, where high waves left coastal damage. In Newfoundland, the storm washed out three bridges, as well as portions of roads and rails, and flooded one house. Throughout Atlantic Canada, high waves washed ashore, sank, or broke at least ten boats from their moorings, killing nine people including seven from an overturned boat sailing from Boston to Yarmouth. Overall damage in Canada was estimated at $1 million (1933 CAD), including $250,000 in lost apple crop.Environment Canada 2009-11-18 Detailed Storm Impacts - 1933-18 2013-10-01 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=en&n=2BB16906-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20130612081208/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=en&n=2BB16906-1 2013-06-12$1 million in 1933 Canadian dollars (CAD) would be $20.5 million in 2013 CAD, adjusted for inflation figures from the Bank of Canada.Bank of Canada 2013 Inflation Calculator 2013-10-03 http://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/inflation-calculator/ When converted to USD, the total would be $20.1 million as provided by the Oanda Corporation,Oanda Corporation 2013 Historical Exchange Rates 2013-10-03 http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/ 2013-10-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20131004000103/http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/ dead which would be about $1.1 million when adjusted for inflation to 1933.United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 2013 CPI Inflation Calculator 2013-10-03 http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm "nb" The German travel writer Richard Katz witnessed the hurricane while in Havana, and described the experience in his book "Loafing Around the Globe" ("Ein Bummel um Die Welt").Katz Richard 1935 Loafing Around the Globe Great Britain William Brendon & Son, Ltd 277 See also Tropical cyclones List of Florida hurricanes (1900–49) Notes nb References Category:1933 Atlantic hurricane season 1933 Cuba Bahamas 1933 Cuba Bahamas 1933 Cuba Bahamas 1933 Cuba Bahamas Category:1933 in Cuba Category:1933 in the Bahamas Category:1933 natural disasters in the United States Category:1933 in Florida