1952 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1952 Tour de France Route of the 1952 Tour de France.png Route of the 1952 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Brest and finishing in Paris 360px 25 June – 19 July 1952 23 4807 km 151h 57' 20" Fausto Coppi ITA yellow Italy Stan Ockers BEL Belgium Bernardo Ruiz ESP 1945 Spain Italy Fausto Coppi ITA Italy 1951 1953 The 1952 Tour de France was the 39th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 25 June to 19 July. It was composed of 23 stages over 4807 km 0 on. Newly introduced were the arrivals on mountain peaks. The race was won by Italian Fausto Coppi. Coppi dominated the race, winning five stages and the mountains classification, and was a member of the winning Italian team. His dominance was so large that the Tour organisation had to double the prize money for second place to make the race interesting. At the end, Coppi had a margin of almost half an hour over the second-ranked cyclist; such a margin has never been achieved again. Although more than 25 years later during the 1979 edition, the 1st and 2nd-place finishers Bernard Hinault and Joop Zoetemelk were both nearly a half hour ahead of the 3rd-place finisher. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1952 Tour de France As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1952 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1952, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg (together with Australia), Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, North-East/Centre, South-East and West/South-West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 6 cyclists, so altogether this made 122 cyclists. There were 57 French (of which 6 were Algerian), 13 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss, 5 Luxembourgian and 1 Australian cyclists.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1952 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403084040/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/partants.html dead The teams entering the race were: 20em Switzerland Belgium Italy France Netherlands Spain Luxembourg/Australia Paris North-East/Centre South-East West/South-West North Africa Pre-race favourites The winners of the last two editions, Swiss cyclists Hugo Koblet and Ferdinand Kübler, were injured and did not enter the race, nor did French cyclist Louison Bobet. On the last press conference before the race, Jacques Goddet conducted a poll amongst journalists to see who they considered the favourite. Coppi received 29 votes in that poll, followed by Géminiani and Bartali, both with 26 votes.http://archiefeemland.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=%22jacques+goddet%22&datering=&krant=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc,krant+asc,pagina+asc&paragraaf=41&doc=8&p=4&paragraaf=39&y=641 Wagtmans bij favorieten 23 June 1952 4 Archief Eemland Dagblad voor Amersfoort 13 September 2010 nl dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110811172023/http://archiefeemland.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=%22jacques%2Bgoddet%22&datering=&krant=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum%2Basc%2Ckrant%2Basc%2Cpagina%2Basc&paragraaf=41&doc=8&p=4&paragraaf=39&y=641 11 August 2011 Route and stages The final stage was from Vichy, the capital of Vichy France in the Second World War, to Paris. Vichy had never before been visited, and the distance from Vichy to Paris was significantly longer than the other stages. A newspaper described it as linking the two cities together. The stop in Vichy was successful, with a new record of 150.000 live spectators.Thompson, pp. 85–94 An innovation was the stage arrivals on mountain peaks. This happened three times in 1952, on stages 10, 11 and 21. There were two rest days, in Alpe d'Huez and Toulouse.Augendre 2016 43 The highest point of elevation in the race was 2556 m ft on at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 11.Augendre 2016 177–178Tour de France met een gewijzigd karakter Tour de France with a changed character https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010951270:mpeg21:p003 Het Vrije Volk 23 June 1952 3 nl Delpher + Stage characteristics and winners39ème Tour de France 1952 39th Tour de France 1952 http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1952.php Mémoire du cyclisme 6 April 2020 frAugendre 2016 43http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1952 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 4 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live The history of the Tour de France – Year 1952 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403002820/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/vainqueurs.html deadStageDateCourseDistanceTypeWinner 125 June Brest to Rennes246 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rik Van Steenbergen BEL 226 June Rennes to Le Mans181 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Rosseel BEL 327 June Le Mans to Rouen189 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Nello Lauredi FRA 428 June Rouen to Roubaix232 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Pierre Molinéris FRA 529 June Roubaix to Namur (Belgium)197 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jean Diederich LUX 630 June Namur (Belgium) to Metz228 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Fiorenzo Magni ITA 71 July Metz to Nancy60 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Fausto Coppi ITA 82 July Nancy to Mulhouse252 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Raphaël Géminiani FRA 93 July Mulhouse to Lausanne238 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Walter Diggelmann SUI 104 July Lausanne to Alpe d'Huez266 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fausto Coppi ITA5 JulyAlpe d'HuezRest day 116 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Sestriere (Italy)182 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fausto Coppi ITA 127 July Sestriere (Italy) to Monaco251 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jan Nolten NED 138 July Monaco to Aix-en-Provence214 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raoul Rémy FRA 149 July Aix-en-Provence to Avignon178 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jean Robic FRA 1510 July Avignon to Perpignan255 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Decaux FRA 1611 July Perpignan to Toulouse200 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Rosseel BEL12 JulyToulouseRest day 1713 July Toulouse to Bagnères-de-Bigorre204 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Raphaël Géminiani FRA 1814 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Pau149 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fausto Coppi ITA 1915 July Pau to Bordeaux195 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Hans Dekkers NED 2016 July Bordeaux to Limoges228 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jacques Vivier FRA 2117 July Limoges to Puy de Dôme245 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fausto Coppi ITA 2218 July Clermont-Ferrand to Vichy63 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Fiorenzo Magni ITA 2319 July Vichy to Paris354 km 0 on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Antonin Rolland FRA Total 4807 km 0 onLe palmarès du Tour de France https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t51008435/f4.item.zoom L'Équipe 3 July 1953 2 fr Gallica Race overview 1952 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12 1952 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 23 thumb|upright|General classification winner Fausto Coppi taking his victory lap at the end of the Tour in the Parc des Princes in Paris In the fourth stage, Jean Robic, the winner of the 1947 Tour de France was in a group with his teammate Raphaël Géminiani, and Robic let Géminiani do all the work. After the stage, Robic told reporters that he had been smart, because he had saved energy and was in a better position to win the Tour. Géminiani then became angry and held Robic's head in a hotel room sink. It was the last year that Robic rode on the national team.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 At that moment, Nello Lauredi was the leader in the race. In the sixth stage, Fiorenzo Magni escaped, and became the leader of the general classification by twelve seconds. In the 1950 Tour de France, Magni had already become the leader, but left the race without riding in the yellow jersey.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 In the time trial in stage seven, won by Fausto Coppi, Magni lost his lead, and Lauredi became leader again. The first high mountains appeared in stage eight. Magni and Lauredi stayed together, but because Magni took a twenty-second bonification for finishing second, they swapped positions again, and Magni became leader again.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/histoire.html The Tour - Year 1952 Amaury Sport Organisation Amaury Sport Organisation letour.fr 10 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100717060204/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/histoire.html 17 July 2010 dead dmy-all Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially Géminiani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 The Tour organisation feared that the race would become dull, now that Coppi's lead was so large. Therefore, they doubled the prize money for second and third place, hoping to keep the other cyclists aggressive.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 In the sixteenth stage, the riders were apparently not motivated by the double prize money, as they were slow that day. The organisation then responded by canceling the prize money; there was still a rule from before 1947, that said that stage winners had to go at least 30 km/h to win prize money. The winner, André Rosseel, had only reached 29 km/h.Thompson, p.217 In the seventeenth stage, Géminiani, who was already in fourteenth place, 52 minutes behind in the general classification, escaped. Coppi did not chase him, and allowed Géminiani to win the stage.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 In the eighteenth stage, Coppi reached the top of the mountains first, but took it easy on the descent, and allowed other cyclists to get back to him. He still won the sprint at the end of the stage.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 Coppi also won the last mountain stage, stage 21, and increased his lead to more than 31 minutes. In the time trial on the next day, Coppi apparently took it easy. Previously he was an expert in such time trials, but on that day he allowed other cyclists to win back some time, and finished on the fourteenth place.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 Classification leadership and minor prizes thumb|Rik Van Steenbergen, winning the first stage. He would hold the yellow jersey for two days The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453 Of the 123 cyclists that started the 1951 Tour de France, 66 finished the race. Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 The system was the same as in 1951: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the winner, the easier ones in category 2 gave 6 points to the winner, and the easiest in category 3 gave 3 points.van den Akker 2021 170 Fausto Coppi won this classification. The team classification had been awarded and calculated since 1930, but in 1952 the daily team classification was also calculated: for each stage, the best team (calculated as the team of which the best three cyclists had the lowest accumulated team in that stage) received a prize.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps for the first time in 1952.van den Akker 2021 156 It was won by the Italian team. The Luxembourgian team finished with only two cyclists, and therefore were not eligible for the team classification. The 1952 Tour de France saw the introduction of the combativity award, a daily award for the most combative rider of the stage.Woodland 2007 96 The winner of that award received 100,000 French francs.Augendre 2016 43 The super-combativity award, the award for the most combative rider of the entire Tour de France, was also first given in 1953, determined by a jury vote,van den Akker 2021 217 to Robic. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier stage 11. This prize was won by Fausto Coppi.Coppi le plus fort Coppi the strongest http://doc.rero.ch/record/99521/files/1952-07-07.pdf L'Impartial 7 July 1952 3 fr RERORonde-Klok Tour bell http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19520708&id=GVA-19520708-01009007 Gazet van Antwerpen 8 July 1952 9 nl The special award for the best regional rider was won by eighteenth-placed Marcel Zelasco.Augendre 2016 43 There were also a few minor awards. After every stage, an award was given to the cyclist with the most bad luck, and to the most 'cold-blooded' cyclist. At the end of the Tour the award for the cyclist with the most bad luck was given to Wim van Est. The award for most beloved cyclist was given to Antonin Rolland. +Classification leadership by stagevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1952 Information about the Tour de France from 1952 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1952 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050101/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1952 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|alt=|link= Mountains classificationmountains-jersey No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Team classificationCombativity award1 Rik Van Steenbergen Rik Van Steenbergen no award Belgium Pierre Pardoën2 André Rosseel Jean Malléjac3 Nello Lauredi Nello Lauredi France Nello Lauredi4 Pierre Molinéris Nello Lauredi5 Jean Diederich Bim Diederich6 Fiorenzo Magni Fiorenzo Magni Fiorenzo Magni7 Fausto Coppi Nello Lauredi Armand Papazian8 Raphaël Géminiani Fiorenzo Magni Raphaël Géminiani Raphaël Géminiani9 Walter Diggelmann Andrea Carrea Jan Nolten10 Fausto Coppi Fausto Coppi Antonio Gelabert Fausto Coppi11 Fausto Coppi Fausto Coppi Jean Le Guilly12 Jan Nolten Jan Nolten13 Raoul Rémy Jean Dotto14 Jean Robic Jean Robic15 Georges Decaux Italy Georges Decaux16 André Rosseel Wim van Est17 Raphaël Géminiani Raphaël Géminiani18 Fausto Coppi Fausto Coppi19 Hans Dekkers Hans Dekkers20 Jacques Vivier Georges Decaux21 Fausto Coppi no award22 Fiorenzo Magni no award23 Antonin Rolland Jean RobicFinalFausto Coppi Fausto Coppi Italy Jean Robic Final standings General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1952 – Stage 23 Vichy > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/2300/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220315/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1952/2300/etape.html deadRankRiderTeamTime1 Fausto Coppi ITA Italy 151h 57' 20"2 Stan Ockers BEL Belgium + 28' 17"3 Bernardo Ruiz ESP 1945 Spain + 34' 38"4 Gino Bartali ITA Italy + 35' 25"5 Jean Robic FRA France + 35' 36"6 Fiorenzo Magni ITA Italy + 38' 25"7 Alex Close BEL Belgium + 38' 32"8 Jean Dotto FRA France + 48' 01"9 Andrea Carrea ITA Italy + 50' 20"10 Antonio Gelabert ESP 1945 Spain + 58' 16" Final general classification (11–66)RankRiderTeamTime11 Raphaël Géminiani FRA France + 1h 02' 47"12 Gottfried Weilenmann Jr. SUI Switzerland + 1h 04' 19"13 Aloïs De Hertog BEL Belgium + 1h 07' 15"14 Edward Van Ende BEL Belgium + 1h 17' 37"15 Jan Nolten NED Netherlands + 1h 30' 34"16 Jean Goldschmit LUX Luxembourg + 1h 49' 47"17 Wim van Est NED Netherlands + 1h 50' 54"18 Marcel Zélasco FRA North Africa + 1h 51' 02"19 Nello Lauredi FRA France + 1h 59' 43"20 Vincent Vitetta FRA South-East + 2h 01' 17"21 Antonin Rolland FRA France + 2h 02' 38"22 Gerrit Voorting NED Netherlands + 2h 07' 22"23 José Serra ESP 1945 Spain + 2h 08' 32"24 Adolphe Deledda FRA North-East/Centre + 2h 09' 44"25 Wout Wagtmans NED Netherlands + 2h 09' 45"26 Jean Le Guilly FRA West/South-West + 2h 20' 09"27 Franco Franchi ITA Italy + 2h 24' 16"28 André Rosseel BEL Belgium + 2h 29' 59"29 Maurice Neyt BEL Belgium + 2h 34' 31"30 Francisco Masip ESP 1945 Spain + 2h 41' 18"31 Jacques Marinelli FRA Paris + 2h 44' 42"32 Gilbert Bauvin FRA North-East/Centre + 2h 47' 21"33 Jean Malléjac FRA West/South-West + 2h 48' 03"34 Maurice Quentin FRA France + 2h 49' 26"35 Luciano Pezzi ITA Italy + 2h 49' 57"36 Georges Decaux FRA Paris + 2h 50' 35"37 Raoul Rémy FRA France + 2h 51' 56"38 Roger Decock BEL Belgium + 2h 52' 16"39 Ahmed Kebaili FRA North Africa + 2h 52' 48"40 Jacques Renaud FRA Paris + 2h 53' 01"41 Mario Baroni ITA Italy + 2h 53' 09"42 Andrés Trobat ESP 1945 Spain + 2h 53' 48"43 Lucien Lazaridès FRA France + 2h 54' 24"44 Siro Bianchi FRA South-East + 2h 59' 06"45 Jean de Gribaldy FRA North-East/Centre + 3h 02' 26"46 Giovanni Corrieri ITA Italy + 3h 03' 05"47 José Gil ESP 1945 Spain + 3h 06' 01"48 Eugène Telotte FRA Paris + 3h 14' 39"49 Jacques Vivier FRA West/South-West + 3h 15' 21"50 Walter Diggelmann SUI Switzerland + 3h 21' 34"51 Ettore Milano ITA Italy + 3h 28' 04"52 Carlo Lafranchi SUI Switzerland + 3h 28' 42"53 Thijs Roks NED Netherlands + 3h 29' 05"54 Marcel Fernandez FRA North Africa + 3h 30' 54"55 Pierre Pardoën FRA North-East/Centre + 3h 34' 31"56 Alfredo Martini ITA Italy + 3h 37' 32"57 Johny Goedert LUX Luxembourg + 3h 38' 19"58 Fiorenzo Crippa ITA Italy + 3h 40' 46"59 Lucien Teisseire FRA France + 3h 40' 56"60 Hans Dekkers NED Netherlands + 3h 41' 55"61 Roger Rossinelli FRA North-East/Centre + 3h 42' 46"62 Giulio Bresci ITA Italy + 3h 50' 34"63 Bernard Gauthier FRA France + 3h 57' 16"64 Robert Bonnaventure FRA France + 4h 02' 18"65 Joseph Mirando ITA South-East + 4h 06' 33"66 Paul Giguet FRA South-East + 4h 08' 35"67 René Rotta FRA South-East + 4h 08' 58"68 Jean Bertaina FRA South-East + 4h 09' 30"69 Hein van Breenen NED Netherlands + 4h 18' 54"70 Tino Sabbadini FRA West/South-West + 4h 34' 34"71 Adolphe Pezzuli FRA South-East + 4h 41' 59"72 Heinrich Spuhler SUI Switzerland + 4h 45' 51"73 Jean Delahaye FRA West/South-West + 4h 58' 32"74 Raymond Scardin FRA West/South-West + 4h 59' 48"75 André Bernard FRA West/South-West + 5h 19' 19"76 Henk Faanhof NED Netherlands + 5h 21' 13"77 Vincent Soler FRA North Africa + 7h 11' 36"78 Henri Paret FRA North Africa + 7h 15' 09" Mountains classification + Final mountains classification (1–10)http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1952/07/18/MD19520718-003.pdf Nueva victoria de Coppi Coppi's new victory Mundo Deportivo 3 18 July 1952 es https://web.archive.org/web/20191003234206/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1952/07/18/MD19520718-003.pdf 3 October 2019 liveRankRiderTeamPoints1 Fausto Coppi ITA Italy 922 Antonio Gelabert ESP 1945 Spain 693 Jean Robic FRA France 604 Stan Ockers BEL Belgium 535 Raphaël Géminiani FRA France 516 Gino Bartali ITA Italy 427 Jean Dotto FRA France 358 Bernardo Ruiz ESP 1945 Spain 289 Andrea Carrea ITA Italy 2310 Jan Nolten NED Netherlands 22 Team classification + Final team classificationhttp://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19520721&id=GVA-19520721-01006003 Italië won het Landenklassement Italy won the country ranking nl Gazet van Antwerpen 21 July 1952 6 https://web.archive.org/web/20191003234346/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19520721&id=GVA-19520721-01006003 3 October 2019 liveRankTeamTime1 Italy 455h 56' 40"2 France + 25' 16"3 Belgium + 54' 56"4 Spain + 2h 53' 44"5 Netherlands + 2h 59' 52"6 North-East/Centre + 4h 26' 06"7 South-East + 4h 46' 06"8 West/South-West + 5h 58' 00"9 Paris + 6h 27' 14"10 Switzerland + 7h 00' 41"11 North Africa + 7h 56' 49" Aftermath The daily combativity award was a success, and has been awarded ever since. The mountain finishes also were spectacular enough to have been included in every Tour de France since. Fausto Coppi would never start the Tour de France again. The team selectors for the French national team felt that Raphaël Géminiani had held back when chasing Fausto Coppi, because they rode for the same sponsor. For that reason, Géminiani was left out the national team for the 1952 UCI Road World Championships. To avoid these problems in the future, Géminiani switched teams at the end of the season.McGann McGann 2006 183–188 Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Le Tour de France: Guide historique The Tour de France: Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC–CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2 The Tour de France: A Cultural History Thompson Christopher S. 2006 University of California Press 0-520-24760-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=M-vUF6Y_4RUC van den Akker Pieter Tour de France rules and statistics: 1903–2021 https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09BT7YCBJ 2021 Self-published 979-8549164024 Woodland Les The Yellow Jersey Companion to the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=QdMSjfvjDhUC 2007 1st. pub. 2003 Random House London 978-0-224-08016-3 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 106–107 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1952 Tour de France 1 12 13 23 Category:1952 in French sport 1952 Category:1952 in road cycling Category:June 1952 sports events in Europe Category:July 1952 sports events in Europe Category:1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo