1902 in science

none 1902 science 1902 The year 1902 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Aeronautics May 15 – Lyman Gilmore claims to have flown his steam-powered fixed-wing aircraft, although his proof is supposedly destroyed in a 1935 fire. Chemistry Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering discover that barbitone (barbital or Veronal) is an effective hypnotic agent.Fischer E. H. Mering J. Ueber eine neue Classe von Schlafmitteln Therapie der Gegenwart 5 97–101 1903 German https://books.google.com/books?id=NV0DAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Therapie+der+Gegenwart%22+1903 2010-09-13 It becomes the first commercially marketed barbiturate, being used as a treatment for insomnia from 1903. Auguste Verneuil develops the Verneuil process for making synthetic rubies. German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald develops and patents the Ostwald process for making nitric acid. Earth sciences April–August – Eruption of Mount Pelée in Martinique. Mercalli intensity scale introduced as a seismic scale for earthquakes by Giuseppe Mercalli. Exploration July 14 - Peruvian explorer Agustín Lizárraga rediscovers the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu, Peru December 30 – Discovery Expedition: British explorers Scott, Shackleton and Wilson reach the furthest southern point reached thus far by man, south of 82°S. Genetics Walter Sutton (in the United States) and Theodor Boveri (in Germany) independently develop the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory, explaining the mechanism underlying the laws of Mendelian inheritance by identifying chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material.http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/timeline/1902_Boveri_Sutton.php Genetics and Genomics Timeline – 1902: Theodor Boveri (1862-1915) and Walter Sutton (1877-1916) propose that chromosomes bear hereditary factors in accordance with Mendelian laws Genome News Network J. Craig Venter Institute 2004 2011-12-21 History of science May 17 – Archaeologist Valerios Stais identifies the Antikythera mechanism, now considered to be the oldest known analog computer.Haughton Brian Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries https://books.google.com/books?id=awF5hqJpErAC&pg=PA43 2011-05-16 2006 Franklin Lakes, New Jersey Career Press 978-1-56414-897-1 43–44 Mathematics June 16 – Bertrand Russell writes to Gottlob Frege informing him of the problem in naive set theory that will become known as Russell's paradox.https://books.google.com/books?id=4ktC0UrG4V8C&pg=PA253 253 1997 The Frege Reader 978-0-631-19445-3 Gottlob Frege Beaney, Michael Oxford Blackwell Gyula Farkas publishes the first proof of Farkas' lemma.Gyula Farkas 1894 A Fourier-féle mechanikai elv alkamazásai Mathematikai és Természettudományi Értesítő 12 457–472 Henri Lebesgue introduces the theory of Lebesgue integration.Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-147-4 77 Medicine January 1 – Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's first registered nurse. February – A commission on yellow fever in the United States announces that the disease is carried by mosquitoes. Paleontology Remains of the second Tyrannosaurus rex specimen, the first recognized as such, are excavated by Barnum Brown in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.https://www.strangescience.net/brown.htm Strange Science Barnum Brown 2015-06-14 2017-12-12 Physics Oliver Heaviside and Arthur E. Kennelly independently predict the existence of what will become known as the Kennelly-Heaviside Layer of the ionosphere. James Jeans finds the length scale required for gravitational perturbations to grow in a static nearly homogeneous medium. Philipp Lenard observes that maximum photoelectron energies are independent of illuminating intensity but depend on frequency. Gilbert N. Lewis develops the cubical atom atomic model. Theodor Svedberg suggests that fluctuations in molecular bombardment cause the Brownian motion. Physiology William Bayliss and Ernest Starling make the first discovery of a hormone, secretin. Psychology Vienna Psychoanalytic Society begins to meet as the Wednesday Psychological Society in Sigmund Freud's apartment. Technology January 1 – Nathan Stubblefield demonstrates his wireless telephone device in Kentucky. April 13 – A new land speed record of 74 mph km/h on is set in Nice, France, by Léon Serpollet driving a steam car. July 17 – Willis Carrier devises the first modern air conditioning system for a plant in New York City. December 10 – Old Aswan Dam, designed by William Willcocks, completed across the River Nile in Egypt. First Vierendeel bridge built, across the Scheldt at Avelgem in Belgium. Zoology October – First Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) discovered by Captain Robert von Beringe in German East Africa.Schaller G. B. 1963 The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behavior University of Chicago Press 0-226-73635-0 registration https://archive.org/details/mountaingorillae00scha Institutions January 28 – The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, D.C., to promote scientific research with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Hendrik Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman Chemistry – Hermann Emil Fischer Medicine – Ronald Ross Hughes Medal first awarded by the Royal Society of London to J. J. Thomson June 26 – First recipients of the Order of Merit in the United Kingdom include Lord Rayleigh Lord Kelvin Lord Lister Sir William Huggins Births February 10 – Walter Houser Brattain (died 1987), American physicist. February 16 – Zhang Yuzhe (died 1986), Chinese astronomer. May 25 – Calvin Souther Fuller (died 1994), American physical chemist at AT&T Bell Laboratories. June 14 – Paul Lester Errington (died 1962), American conservationist. June 15 – Erik Erikson, né Salomonsen (died 1994), German-born psychologist. August 8 – Paul Dirac (died 1984), English physicist. August 13 – Felix Wankel (died 1988), German mechanical engineer. November 2 – Sergey Lebedev (died 1974), Russian computer scientist. Remziye Hisar, (died 1992), Turkish chemist. Deaths January 23 – Alfred William Bennett, British botanist (born 1833)Who was who: A Companion to "Who's Who" A. & C. Black 1967 57 February 11 – Caroline Rosenberg (born 1810) Danish botanist. March 6 – Moritz Kaposi (born 1837), Hungarian dermatologist. April 12 – Alfred Cornu (born 1841), French physicistCornu, Marie Alfred 7 May 26 – Almon Strowger (born 1839), American telecommunications engineer. September 5 – Rudolf Virchow (born 1821), German pathologist and biologist. September 18 – Thorborg Rappe (born 1832), Swedish pioneer in the education of students with Intellectual disability. November 12 – William Henry Barlow (born 1812), English railway civil engineer. December 22 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing (born 1840), German sexologist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1900s in science