1 Samuel 1

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 1 Ruth 4 Ruth 4 1 Samuel 2 chapter 2 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 1 is the first chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 177 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but many modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 Chapters 1 to 7 of 1 Samuel depict Samuel's life: this chapter focuses on his birth.Tsumura 2007 103 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 28 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 6Q4 (6QpapKgs; 150–75 BCE) with extant verses 28–31.Ulrich 2010 328Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 104,1066Q4 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Old Testament references 1 Samuel 1:1–8 9: Psalm 113:1–9 91 Samuel 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20230529183201/https://biblehub.com/bsb/1_samuel/1.htm 2023-05-29 , Berean Study Bible 1 Samuel 1:3,7,21 9: Deuteronomy 12:5–7 9 (annual pilgrimage)Bergen 1996 48 1 Samuel 1:11 9: Numbers 6:1–21 9 (Nazirite vow)Bergen 1996 48 1 Samuel 1:21–23 9: Numbers 30:10–15 9 (husband's approval of wife's vow)Bergen 1996 48 1 Samuel 1:24 9: Numbers 15:9–10 9 (offerings of bull, flour and wine)Bergen 1996 48 Israel 240 right Southern part of Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 32.055556 35.289528 Blue_pog.svg 6 Shiloh 100 top Israel 31.85 35.23167 Blue_pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 top Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue_pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red_pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Elkanah's family (1:1–8) Elkanah came from a prestigious Levite family in Ramah (verse 1) in the land of Zuph (cf. 1 Samuel 9:5–6 9). Elkanah's first wife, Hannah, was barren so he had decided to take a second wife, Peninnah (cf. Genesis 16:1–4 9). When Peninnah had children, tension and rivalry arose between the two women, with Hannah being constantly provoked and distressed. The inability of Elkanah to control the situation of his wives pushes Hannah to take the initiative, especially when her plight was made more obvious by receiving only one portion of the sacrifice (verse 5).Jones 2007 201Gordon 1999 74 The opportunity came when Elkanah and his family attended the annual worship feast in Shiloh (Judges 21:19–24), one of the most important sanctuaries and the home of the ark (1 Samuel 3:3), which was regulated by the high priest Eli and his two sons.Jones 2007 201 Verse 1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite:1 Samuel 1:1 KJV KJV "Ramathaimzophim": can be translated as "Ramathaim" in the "district of Zuph". http://oca.org/saints/lives/2015/08/20/102349-prophet-samuel Prophet Samuel oca.org 14 February 2018 A "land of Zuph" was mentioned only once in 1 Samuel 9:5, an area in which Samuel is said to have been found. Greek Septuagint renders the phrase as "a man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite".Note on 1 Samuel 1:1 in NET Bible The name "Ramathaim" means "the two heights" is found in the whole Bible only in this verse, and without doubt points to Ramah (meaning "the height"), which is the birthplace (1 Samuel 1:19), residence (1 Samuel 7:17), and burial-place (1 Samuel 25:1) of Samuel.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Samuel 1. Accessed 28 April 2019. The city has been identified with Arimathea of the New TestamentComestor, Petrus, Historia Scholastica, Cap. CLXXX: De sepultura Domini, ca. 1100-1179 Elkanah: literally, "God is owner", from his genealogy is known to belong to the Kohathites (cf. 1 Chronicles 6:3–15), one of the three divisions of the Levites.Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 1". https://web.archive.org/web/20250525045445/http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/1_Samuel/1.htm 2025-05-25 In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. "Elihu" (meaning "God is he") written as "Eliel" ("God is God") in 1 Chronicles 6:34.Note [a] on 1 Samuel 1:1 in NKJV "Tohu": written as "Toah" in 1 Chronicles 6:34.Note [b] on 1 Samuel 1:1 in NKJV "Zuph": apparently had moved from the land of Ephraim, one of the three tribes (Ephraim, Manasseh, Dan) to which the Kohathites were traditionally attached. He is called "an Ephrathite" (or "Ephraimite"; cf. Judges 12:5), apparently following the practice to acknowledge Levites in relation to the tribes to which they were attached (cf. Judges 17:7). He seems to be a prominent person to have his new home to be named after him, called the "land of Zuph" in 1 Samuel 9:5, his descendants called "the Zophim", with Ramah as the center, and Elkanah, as the head of the family at this time, known as a man of wealth and influence. Verse 2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.1 Samuel 1:2 KJV KJV "Two wives": cf. Lamech, of the lineage of Cain (Genesis 4:19).Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Samuel 1. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - 1 Samuel 1. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This practice was tolerated by the law (Deuteronomy 21:15–17), and recorded in the family of Jacob (Genesis 29), Ashur (1 Chronicles 4:5), Shaharaim (1 Chronicles 8:8), David (1 Samuel 25:43), Joash (2 Chronicles 24:3), and others, but gradually became less frequent until there was no case on record in the Bible after the Captivity. "Hannah": means "beauty" or "charm" or "grace"; the Greek rendering is the same as "Anna" (cf. Luke 2:36). "Peninnah" means "a pearl" or "coral" (cf. Job 28:18). The root word of the name probably denotes "red pearl" because it was translated as "ruby" in Proverbs 3:15 and Lamentations 4:7. Verse 3 Now this man used to go up year by year from his city to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of hosts at Shiloh, where the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phin'ehas, were priests of the Lord.1 Samuel 1:3 RSV: Revised Standard Version Targum: From the solemn appointed feast to the solemn appointed feast,Gill, J., Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 1, accessed 18 December 2022 similarly translated by Robert Young as "from time to time",1 Samuel 1:3 YLT: Young's Literal Translation although generally as "yearly" or "year to year" in other English translations.BibleGateway.com, 1 Samuel 1:3, accessed 18 December 2022 The birth of Samuel (1:9–28) thumb|right|Hannah's prayer, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld Hannah took the initiative to make a vow that the son she requested would be dedicated as a nazirite (verse 11).Jones 2007 201 The Masoretic Text only mentions "a razor will not go up upon his head" (meaning "leaving the hair uncut") as one feature of the nazirite vow, but the longer text in the Greek version of Septuagint (supported in some parts by 4QSama among the Dead Sea Scrolls) mentions "wine and strong drink he will not drink" (cf. Numbers 6:1–21; Judges 13:5, 7) as another feature of a nazirite.Jones 2007 201Note [e] on 1 Samuel 1:11 in NET Bible Hannah delayed her visit until Samuel had been weaned, then she brought the child to Shiloh to 'abide there forever' (4QSama clarifies that Hannah was dedicating Samuel as a nazirite), with the bull offerings as well as flour and wine (cf. Numbers 15:8–10).Jones 2007 201 A repeated wordplay on the Hebrew root word he שָׁאַל sha'al (to ask, request) has been found in this passage: 'that thou hast asked of him' (verse 17), 'I have asked him of the Lord' (verse 20), 'which I asked of him' (verse 27), 'I have lent him to the Lord; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the Lord' (verse 28).Jones 2007 201 Verse 20 links the name of the child to this word: Hannah named the child Samuel, saying, "Because I have asked for him from the Lord".1 Samuel 1:21 NKJV: NKJV Verse 21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the Lord the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.1 Samuel 1:21 KJV KJV "His vow": the Hebrew suffix could also be translated as "its vow", referring to "his household's vow", which could be Hannah's vow, because according to Numbers 30:6–8 a husband could nullify or allow his wife's vow to stand.Note [b] on 1 Samuel 1:21 in NET Bible The Greek Septuagint has an addition "and all the tithes of his land" to this verse. Verse 24 Now when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, one ephah of flour, and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the Lord in Shiloh. And the child was young.1 Samuel 1:24 NKJV NKJV "Three bulls": based on the Masoretic Text, whereas 4QSama and the Septuagint and Syriac versions have "a three-year-old bull".Note on 1 Samuel 1:24 in NKJVNote [a] on 1 Samuel 1:24 in ESV Verse 25 mentions that one bull was offered as the burnt offering to consecrate Samuel to God, so one more bull could be for the "sacrifice in performing a vow" and the third one for a peace-offering (cf. Numbers 15:8). "Ephah": about 3/5 bushel or 22 litersNote [b] on 1 Samuel 1:24 in ESV See also 22em Eli Hophni and Phinehas Jeroham Korban Mount Ephraim Nazirite Ramah in Benjamin Related Bible parts: Numbers 6, Numbers 15, Numbers 30, 1 Samuel 2, 1 Chronicles 6 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&dq=There+are+two+common+types+of+strategy+for+reading+the+books+of+Samuel&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel%3A+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA49 B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Gordon Robert P. I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC Zondervan 1999 978-0310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&dq=narrative+sources+books+of+samuel&pg=PA314 Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 62 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 1 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 1. Bible Gateway 01 Category:Samuel