1997 Cambodian coup d'état

Self-coup by Hun Sen against co-premier Norodom Ranariddh March 2021 1997 Cambodian coup d'étathttps://www.voacambodia.com/a/opposition-marks-anniversary-of-1997-coup/2855042.html/ Opposition Marks Anniversary of 1997 Coup Voice of America 9 July 2015 Reaksmey Hul 3 August 2019https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-post-depth-politics/making-strongman-july-1997-hun-sen-took-full-control-country-and-his/ Making of a strongman: In July 1997, Hun Sen took full control of the country – and his party Alex Willemnys The Phnom Penh Post 5 July 2017 3 August 2019https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/remembering-the-cambodian-coup/ Remembering the Cambodian Coup David Hutt The Diplomat 28 June 2017 3 August 2019 Aftermath of the Cambodian conflict 5 July – 7 September 1997(07 05 1997 09 07 1997) Cambodia Mostly in Phnom Penh Cities: Samraong Serei Saophoan Pailin Ou Smach Co-premier Norodom Ranariddh is ousted by co-premier Hun Sen and exiled until 1998, Hun Sen begins consolidation of power Flag of the Cambodian People's Party.gif Cambodian People's PartySupported by:ThailandVietnam FUNCINPEC Party Flag.png FUNCINPEC Cambodia 1975 Khmer Rouge (mostly in the northern provinces)Cambodge: les royalistes assiégésAidés des Khmers rouges ils défendent leur - Libération http://www.liberation.fr/monde/0101221900-cambodge-les-royalistes-assiegesaides-des-khmers-rouges-ils-defendent-leur-dernier-bastion-attaque-par-hun-sen https://web.archive.org/web/20101020203539/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/0101221900-cambodge-les-royalistes-assiegesaides-des-khmers-rouges-ils-defendent-leur-dernier-bastion-attaque-par-hun-sen 2010-10-20 live 2009-08-26 Cambodia Hun Sen Cambodia Ke Kim Yan Cambodia Norodom Ranariddh Cambodia Nhek Bun Chhay Cambodia Serei Kosal (in Battambang Province) Cambodia 1975 Ta Mok Unknown Around 40 party officials killedhttps://books.google.com/books?id=qMBgWV5SYekC Anatomy of a Crisis 2015-01-23 2000 9780824822385 150 Ayres David M. Unknown 32 civilians killed (5–6 July)David Ashley http://www.c-r.org/accord-article/between-war-and-peace-cambodia-1991-1998 Between war and peace: Cambodia 1991–1998 | Conciliation Resources C-r.org 2018-07-041+ Thai soldiers killed, 2+ soldiers injuredAP Archive. "Thailand – Thai soldier killed in fighting." YouTube, uploaded by AP Archive, Aug 28, 1997. Accessed Jul 21, 2015. 300 2/2 290 center left Ranariddh_1990s.jpg First Prime Minister Norodom Ranariddh Hun Sen 2012.jpg Second Prime Minister Hun Sen The 1997 Cambodian coup d'état (km រដ្ឋប្រហារកម្ពុជាឆ្នាំ១៩៩៧, UNGEGN: Rôdthâbrâhar Kâmpŭchéa chhnăm 1997) took place in Cambodia from July to September 1997. As a result, co-premier Hun Sen ousted the other co-premier Norodom Ranariddh. At least 32 people were killed during the coup.2020-12-07 A coup in Cambodia Asia The Economist https://www.economist.com/asia/1997/07/10/a-coup-in-cambodia 2021-02-17 archive.is 2020-12-07 https://archive.today/20201207061702/https://www.economist.com/asia/1997/07/10/a-coup-in-cambodia live Background United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1993 Cambodian general election After being embroiled in civil conflict from the late 1960s until the early 1990s, on March 16, 1992, the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), under UNSYG Special Representative Yasushi Akashi and Lt. General John Sanderson, arrived in Cambodia to begin implementation of the UN Settlement Plan, that was concluded as a result of the Paris Peace Accords of 1991. Free elections were held in 1993. The Khmer Rouge or Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK), whose forces were never actually disarmed or demobilized, barred some people from participating in 1993 elections in the 10–15 percent of the country (holding six percent of the population) it then controlled. Altogether, over four million Cambodians (about 90% of eligible voters) participated in the May election. Prince Norodom Ranariddh's royalist FUNCINPEC Party was the top vote recipient with 45.5% vote, followed by Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party (of Son Sann), respectively. Despite the victory, the FUNCINPEC had to enter into coalition talks with the Cambodian People's Party, led by Hun Sen, who refused to relinquish power.Cambodia: July 1997: Shock and Aftermath | Human Rights Watch https://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2007/07/27/cambodia-july-1997-shock-and-aftermath https://web.archive.org/web/20090723120200/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2007/07/27/cambodia-july-1997-shock-and-aftermath 2009-07-23 live 2009-08-26 After being in power since the Vietnamese invasion in 1979, Hun and the CPP had largely maintained control of the state apparatus including the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces in spite of losing the election.Branigin William 1993-06-11 PHNOM PENH REJECTS RESULTS OF ELECTION en-US Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/06/11/phnom-penh-rejects-results-of-election/c43a7f1e-abcf-4ebd-b3b2-fe757f96f930/ 2021-02-24 0190-82862020-02-04 How strategic 'gift-giving' has sustained Hun Sen's 35-year grip on power https://southeastasiaglobe.com/hun-sen-35-years-in-power/ 2021-02-24 Southeast Asia Globe en-US Hun and his deputy Norodom Chakrapong also threatened a secessionist movement and claimed there would be a return to civil conflict if they were unable to maintain power.What has gone wrong in Cambodia? https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/what-has-gone-wrong-cambodia 2021-02-24 www.lowyinstitute.org en2018-06-27 Cambodia's Dirty Dozen https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/06/27/cambodias-dirty-dozen/long-history-rights-abuses-hun-sens-generals 2021-02-24 Human Rights Watch en After talks, Prince Ranariddh and Hun Sen became First and Second Prime Ministers, respectively, in the Royal Cambodian Government. Events In 1997, long tensions between the two governing parties led to violence between FUNCINPEC supporters of Prince Norodom Ranariddh and of Hun Sen, resulting in a number of casualties.Peou Sorpong 1998 Cambodia in 1997: Back to Square One? https://www.jstor.org/stable/2645469 Asian Survey 38 1 69–74 10.2307/2645469 2645469 0004-4687 subscription In retrospect, the following issues have been identified as the causes of the violent events: the 'dual power' accorded by the 1993 power sharing formula allowed the CPP to retain control over power structures; while officially a ruling party, the FUNCINPEC concluded an alliance – National United Front – with the opposition Sam Rainsy Party.Tony Kevin 21 May 1998 U.S. Errs in Cambodia Policy, FEER http://www.acic.info/new_article/CambodiaAndSoutheastAsia.pdf 2014-10-16 Acic.info Hun Sen alleged that Ranariddh had been planning a take-over with the help of Khmer Rouge fighters, supposedly smuggled into the capital.Cambodia: July 1997: Shock and Aftermath by Brad Adams https://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2007/07/27/cambodia-july-1997-shock-and-aftermath https://web.archive.org/web/20090723120200/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2007/07/27/cambodia-july-1997-shock-and-aftermath 2009-07-23 live 2009-08-26 On 5 July 1997, CPP troops led by General Ke Kim Yan surrounded a military garrison belonging to Nhek Bun Chhay in Kampong Speu Province. Ke Kim Yan attempted to convince Nhek Bun Chhay to disband his garrison, but failed.Peou (2000), p. 299 At the same time, security force personnels aligned to the CPP approached the residence of another FUNCINPEC general, Chao Sambath, and demanded FUNCINPEC troops surrender their weapons.Peou (2000), p. 300 Nhek Bun Chhay responded by ordering FUNCINPEC troops to resist the advances made by the CPP's troops and security personnel,Widyono (2008), p. 258 and heavy clashes broke out at the Taing Krassang military base and Phnom Penh International Airport, where most of FUNCINPEC troops were based in. Hun Sen quickly returned from his vacation at Vung Tau in Vietnam.Mehta (2013), p. 255 The following day, Hun Sen deployed his bodyguard units to support the regular forces fighting FUNCINPEC troops. FUNCINPEC troops initiated two attempts to counterattack CPP troops, but were outnumbered and subsequently repulsed by Hun Sen's bodyguards and regular troops, suffering heavy casualties in the process. FUNCINPEC troops then retreated from their positionsMehta (2013), p. 257–8 and fled to O Smach in Oddar Meanchey Province.Widyono (2008), p. 254 Hun Sen declared Ranariddh ousted from power. After the royalist resistance was crushed in Phnom Penh, there was indeed some joint resistance by FUNCINPEC-Khmer Rouge forces in the Northern provinces, where the fighting against Hun Sen's offensive lasted until September 1997.Barber Jason War spills over border; O'Smach stalemated https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/war-spills-over-border-osmach-stalemated 15 April 2018 Phnom Penh Post 12 September 1997 CPP forces carried out summary executions of FUNCINPEC ministers.2014-03-16 Document - Cambodia: Open letter to Second Prime Minister Hun Sen from Amnesty International Secretary General Pierre Sane Amnesty International http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA23/033/1997/en/25aeac73-e9f0-11dd-90b2-a9da8ab8e550/asa230331997en.html 2021-02-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20140316144404/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA23/033/1997/en/25aeac73-e9f0-11dd-90b2-a9da8ab8e550/asa230331997en.html 2014-03-16 Between 41 and 60 people were executed in custody, and a United Nations report found a large number of incinerated bodies. Following the seizure of power by Hun Sen, Prince Ranariddh went into exile in Paris. Other FUNCINPEC leaders were forced to flee the country, following the executions. With the FUNCINPEC-aligned forces now divided, the party ceased to have military power. Ung Huot was elected as the new First Prime Minister. Aftermath Thomas Hammarberg, the United Nations Special Representative on human rights in Cambodia, condemned the violence, and made it clear in his October 1997 report to the UN General Assembly: the events of July 5–6 were a "coup d'état." The Cambodian People's Party rejected the characterization of the events as a coup. The coup had a severe impact on the tourism industry in Cambodia during 1997.Mydans Seth 1997-08-17 Cambodian Coup Leaves Tourist Sites Empty (Published 1997) en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/17/travel/cambodian-coup-leaves-tourist-sites-empty.html 2021-02-17 0362-4331 The United States cut aid to Cambodia in response.Erlanger Steven 1997-07-16 U.S. May Cut Back on Aid Until Cambodian Election (Published 1997) en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/16/world/us-may-cut-back-on-aid-until-cambodian-election.html 2021-02-27 0362-4331Mydans Seth 1997-07-20 Coup Halts Lifeline to Cambodia Poor (Published 1997) en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/20/world/coup-halts-lifeline-to-cambodia-poor.html 2021-02-27 0362-4331 ASEAN withdrew a previous invitation for Cambodia to join as a member as a result of the coup.CNN - ASEAN nations disagree on admitting Cambodia - December 15, 1998 http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9812/15/asean.03/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20020312003101/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9812/15/asean.03/index.html dead March 12, 2002 2021-02-26 CNNDiplomatic pragmatism: ASEAN's response to the July 1997 coup Conciliation Resources https://www.c-r.org/accord/cambodia/diplomatic-pragmatism-aseans-response-july-1997-coup 2021-02-27 www.c-r.org Its accession did not take place until 1999.2011-05-11 Admission of Cambodia into ASEAN (30 April 1999) http://www.asean.org/3338.htm 2021-02-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511153639/http://www.asean.org/3338.htm 2011-05-11 Amnesty International also condemned the summary executions in an open letter to Hun Sen. The CPP stated that they were committed to free and fair elections in 1998. However, the party had now established "politico-military domination". FUNCINPEC leaders returned to Cambodia shortly before the 1998 general elections. The CPP received 41% of the vote, FUNCINPEC 32%, and the Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) 13%. Many international observers judged the elections to have been seriously flawed, claiming political violence, intimidation, and lack of media access. The CPP and FUNCINPEC formed another coalition government, with CPP as the senior partner.February 2021 The coup is seen as a major turning point in the CPP and Hun Sen's consolidation of power into de facto one-party rule by 2018.Hutt David Remembering the Cambodian Coup https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/remembering-the-cambodian-coup/ 2021-02-17 thediplomat.com en-US See also 1998 Cambodian general election 1994 Cambodian coup d'état attempt 2000 Cambodian coup d'état attempt Modern Cambodia References Bibliography Mehta, Harish C. & Julie B. Strongman: The Extraordinary Life of Hun Sen: The Extraordinary Life of Hun Sen 2013 Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd Singapore 978-9814484602 Peou, Sorpong Intervention & Change in Cambodia: Towards Democracy? 2000 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies National University of Singapore 9813055391 Widyono, Benny Dancing in Shadows: Sihanouk, the Khmer Rouge, and the United Nations in Cambodia 2008 Rowman & Littlefield Lanham, Maryland, United States of America 978-0742555532 Category:1997 in Cambodia Category:Hun Sen Category:1997 conflicts 1997 Category:1990s coups d'état Category:Political history of Cambodia Category:1997 mass murders Category:Massacres in Cambodia Category:Riots and civil disorder in Cambodia Category:Wars involving Cambodia Category:July 1997 in Asia Category:August 1997 in Asia Category:September 1997 in Asia