1893 Spanish general election

none 1893 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1891 Spanish general election 1891 1896 Spanish general election 1896 All 447 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate224 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 4,072,776 2,786,216 (68.4%) 5 March 1893 (Congress)19 March 1893 (Senate)"26Mar" Senate elections in the provinces of Canaries and Lérida and in the overseas territory of Puerto Rico were postponed to 26 March 1893.30 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000705547&page=3 Resultado de la elección de senadores verificada ayer en la provincia de Lérida es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 18 July 20221 April 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002329097&page=1 En Canarias es National Library of Spain El Día 18 July 20221 April 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000571890&page=2 En Puerto Rico han sido electos senadores es National Library of Spain La Época 18 July 2022 170x170px Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 1880 Logroño 108 D Congress of Deputies41 S SenateResults for PL (100 deputies and 40 senators) and M (8 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1891 election. 298 D Congress of Deputies118 S Senate 10px 190 D Congress of Deputies10px 77 S Senate 170x170px Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Party (Spain) 1874 Cieza 301 D Congress of Deputies122 S SenateResults for PLC (284 deputies and 114 senators) and PLR (17 deputies and 8 senators) in the 1891 election. 67 D Congress of Deputies35 S Senate 10px 234 D Congress of Deputies10px 87 S Senate 170x170px Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla Republican Union (Spain, 1893) 1893 Madrid 21 D Congress of Deputies0 S SenateResults for PRP (12 deputies and 0 senators), PRF (5 deputies and 0 senators) and PRC (2 deputies and 0 senators) in the 1891 election. 36 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 10px 15 D Congress of Deputies10px 2 S Senate 170x170px Emilio Castelar Possibilist Democratic Party 1879 Huesca 6 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 18 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10px 12 D Congress of Deputies10px 5 S Senate 170x170px Francisco Silvela Silvelist Party 1892 Piedrahíta (lost) Did not contest 17 D Congress of Deputies4 S Senate 10px 17 D Congress of Deputies10px 4 S Senate 170x170px Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa Carlist 1891 — 4 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 8 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 10px 4 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency Election results by constituency (Congress) x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Senate constituency Election results by constituency (Senate) Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) A general election was held in Spain on 5 March 1893 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 19 March 1893 (for the Senate),"26Mar" to elect the members of the 6th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 442 seats in the Congress of Deputies—plus five special districts—were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. Since the Pact of El Pardo, an informal system known as es turno or es turnismo was operated by the monarchy and the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to determine in advance the outcome of elections by means of electoral fraud, often achieved through the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques), ensuring that both parties would have rotating periods in power. As a result, elections were often neither truly free nor fair, though they could be more competitive in the country's urban centres where caciquism was weaker. In this election, the ruling Liberal Party of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta secured a large majority in the es Cortes no, granting him the required parliamentary support for a new "turn" in power. This came following the downfall of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's Conservative government in December 1892 as a result of an internal split by former minister Francisco Silvela over the issue of political regeneration. The election also saw a strong performance by pro-republican parties, which went on to win in the two main Spanish cities—Madrid and Barcelona—and secure over 10% of the seats in the Congress. Background The 1890–1892 government led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo was characterized by the preservation of the political and legal reforms made by the previous Liberal government and a protectionist economic policy—seeing the approval of the "Cánovas tariff" to imports, aimed at protecting large Castilian farmers and Catalan textile manufacturers from the competition of American wheat and English fabrics.De la Santa Cinta Joaquín 23 August 2017 https://elcorreodepozuelo.com/2017/08/23/presidentes-del-consejo-ministros-la-regencia-maria-cristina-habsburgo-lorena-vuelve-antonio-canovas-del-castillo/ Presidentes del Consejo de Ministros durante la Regencia de María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena: Vuelve Antonio Cánovas del Castillo es El Correo de Pozuelo 4 May 2023 The government fell apart as a result of governance minister Francisco Silvela breaking out of the Conservative Party in November 1891 over a lack of political regeneration—self-evidenced in the unveiling of administrative irregularities and corruption in the City Council of Madrid—but also because of an internal strife with long-time rival Francisco Romero Robledo, who had returned to the Conservatives's fold following the failed experience of his Liberal Reformist Party.Maestre Rosa 1973 208–212 In addition, Cánovas's tenure had been plagued by peasant and anarchist rebellions—such as the Jerez uprising or an attempted plot to plant explosives in the Cortes parliament building—with labour conflicts, strikes and protests being commonplace.Yeoman 2019 53–60 The government's repression of these movements was frequently regarded as disproportionately severe, which would in turn lead to an increase in anarchist violence throughout the 1890s.Tone 2006 230 Following Cánovas's resignation in December 1892, Práxedes Mateo Sagasta of the Liberal Party was tasked by Queen Regent Maria Christina with forming a new government and holding a snap election. Shortly before the election, Sagasta's government passed several decrees softening the requisites for being eligible to vote in the overseas territories of Cuba and Puerto Rico, as well as a reorganization of the electoral districts in the latter that saw the creation of several multi-member constituencies.Roldán de Montaud 1999 275Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892; Royal Decree of 27 December (II) 1892 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 1 February 1891 for the Congress and on 15 February 1891 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 1 and 15 February 1896, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 5 January and 4 February 1893, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 5 March (Congress) and 19 March 1893 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 5 April.Royal Decree of 5 January 1893 single art.; Royal Decree of 4 February 1893 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 1.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88García Muñoz 2002 106–107Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 In the Spanish West Indies (Cuba and Puerto Rico), voting was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish males of voting age who met either of the following:Roldán de Montaud 1999 275Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 arts. 12–17.López Domínguez 1976 472–473 & 477García Muñoz 2002 107 Being taxpayers with a minimum quota of $5 (in Cuba) or $10 (in Puerto Rico)—amended in 1892—in property or corporate taxes (paid by the time of enrollment); Holding specific positions (such as full academics in the royal academies, cathedral chapter members and parish priests, active public employees with a salary of $100 and two years of service, retired public employees, general officers, awarded painters or sculptors, senior court officials and certified teachers); Meeting the two-year residence requirement while proving a professional qualification. Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 2; Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 arts. 6 & 18. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats or more could choose up to three candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 21–22Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89 Additionally, universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture, had one seat per 5,000 registered voters.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 24. Cuba and Puerto Rico were allocated 30 and 16 seats, respectively.López Domínguez 1976 472–473 & 477Royal Decree of 27 December (II) 1892 arts. 1–2 (suppl. supplemented by Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 art. 1).In Cuba and Puerto Rico, voters in constituencies electing eight seats could choose up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, up to five; in those with six seats, up to four; in those with four or five seats, up to three; in those with three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one.Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 art. 80. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 331 single-member districts (including five special districts) were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 34, electing 116 seats) was entitled the following seats:Seat allocation:Peninsular Spain and archipelagos: Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, and Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3; am. amended by Law of 21 March 1883, Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, and Law of 10 July 1888). Spanish West Indies: Royal Decree of 27 December (II) 1892 arts. 1–2 & attached table (suppl. supplemented by Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 art. 1 & attached table).López Domínguez 1976 499–502 Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 6 Havana 5 Barcelona, Palma 4 Santa Clara, Seville 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Cartagena, Córdoba, Granada, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Matanzas, Mayagüezgreen (+2), Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Pinar del Río, Poncegreen (+2), San Juan Bautistagreen (+2), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was also based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Álava, Albacete, Ávila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guipúzcoa, Huelva, Logroño, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del Río, Puerto Príncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 147. The remaining 33 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, Havana–Puerto Rico, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31, 53 & add. art.; Law of 9 January 1879 arts. 1–3; Royal Decree of 30 June 1881.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 73–76; Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 arts. 106–109. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 2–5; Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 arts. 5–8. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.); Law of 26 June 1890 art. 81; Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 art. 113. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 5 March 1893 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Liberal Party (PL) 298 Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 67 Republican Union (UR) 36 Possibilist Democratic Party (PDP) 18 Silvelist Party (PS) 17 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 8 Integrist Party (PI) 2 Independents (INDEP) 1 Total 447 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters SourcesLópez Domínguez 1976 478–480, 503–506 & 777–785Armengol i Segú Varela Ortega 2001 655–7767 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000570801&page=2 Las elecciones en provincias es National Library of Spain La Época 19 April 20227 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0029793155&page=2 Los nuevos diputados es National Library of Spain El Correo Español 19 April 20227 March 1893 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=21576963-dcf2-44e2-89a8-474c5291dcb8 Las elecciones en provincias es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 28 August 20228 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000377400&page=1 Diputados electos es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 19 April 20228 March 1893 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=87884aa2-1625-4821-bcfe-18f98275a48a&page=2 Diputados probables es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 28 August 20228 March 1893 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ca761e0f-9605-43c8-89c5-42d295887bd1 La Iberia es National Library of Spain El Liberal 28 August 202210 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002327955&page=1 Las elecciones. Diputados proclamados es National Library of Spain El Día 17 July 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 66.67 PLC Conservative Party (Spain) 14.99 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1893) 8.05 PDP Possibilist Democratic Party 4.03 PS Silvelist Party 3.80 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.79 PI Integrist Party 0.45 INDEP Independent politician 0.22 Senate + ← Summary of the 19 March 1893 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Liberal Party (PL) 118 Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 35 Possibilist Democratic Party (PDP) 6 Silvelist Party (PS) 4 Republican Union (UR) 2 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 2 Independents (INDEP) 3 Archbishops (ARCH) 10 Total elective seats 180 Sources"26Mar"20 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000377747&page=2 Elección de senadores en provincias es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 17 July 202220 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002328225&page=1 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Día 17 July 202220 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000705214&page=1 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 17 July 202220 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0001229712&page=1 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Liberal 17 July 202220 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0004896127&page=1 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Unión Católica 18 July 202220 March 1893 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000170591&page=2 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 18 July 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 65.55 PLC Conservative Party (Spain) 19.44 PDP Possibilist Democratic Party 3.33 PS Silvelist Party 2.22 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1893) 1.11 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.11 INDEP Independent politician 1.67 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.56 Maps Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 6th Restoration Cortes (1893–1896) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PL Liberal Party (PL) 275 107 416 Constitutional Union of Cuba (UCC) 11 9 Unconditional Spanish Party (PIE) 11 1 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 1 PLC Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 52 30 102 Constitutional Union of Cuba (UCC) 11 4 Unconditional Spanish Party (PIE) 4 1 UR Progressive Republican Party (PRP) 14 1 38 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 9 1 Autonomist Liberal Party (PLA) 7 0 Centralist Republican Party (PRC) 6 0 PDP Possibilist Democratic Party (PDP) 19 6 25 PS Silvelist Party (PS) 16 4 21 Unconditional Spanish Party (PIE) 1 0 CT Traditionalist Communion (CT) 8 2 10 PI Integrist Party (PI) 2 0 2 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 1 2 4 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 0 1 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 10 10 Total 447 180 627 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Decreto mandando se verifiquen en Puerto Rico las elecciones ordinarias de Senadores y Diputados a Cortes Decree 1 April 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/104/A00841-00842.pdf 19 August 2022 Decree of 1 April 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley dictando reglas para la elección de Senadores en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico Law 9 January 1879 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1879/015/A00137-00137.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 9 January 1879 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Real decreto determinando el número de Senadores que habrán de elegirse en cada una de las provincias con motivo de las próximas elecciones Royal Decree 30 June 1881 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1881/184/A00023-00023.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 30 June 1881 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Vizcaya en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes y la de aquellos en secciones Law Madrid Gazette es 21 March 1883 https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1883/084/A00709-00710.pdf 3 August 2025 Law of 21 March 1883 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Real decreto disponiendo que mientras no se publique nueva ley Electoral rija en la isla de Cuba la división en circunscripciones y distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes aprobada en el Congreso en la forma que se expresa Royal Decree 18 December 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/354/A00907-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 y Real decreto disponiendo la forma en que se han de verificar las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico Royal Decree 27 December 1892 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1892/363/A00957-00964.pdf 19 August 2022 Royal Decree of 27 December (I) 1892 y Real decreto declarando subsistente la división territorial para elecciones de Diputados a Cortes en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico, establecida por Real decreto de 18 de Diciembre de 1890 Royal Decree 27 December 1892 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1892/363/A00964-00964.pdf 19 August 2022 Royal Decree of 27 December (II) 1892 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Congreso de los Diputados Royal Decree 5 January 1893 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1893/006/A00075-00075.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 5 January 1893 y Real decreto declarando disuelta la parte electiva del Senado, y mandando que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el día 5 de Abril próximo Royal Decree 4 February 1893 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1893/036/A00441-00441.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 4 February 1893 Other 30em Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Maestre Rosa Julio 1973 Francisco Silvela y su liberalismo regeneracionista https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/9230rep187195.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 187 191–226 0048-7694 30 August 2022 López Domínguez José María 1976 Elecciones y partidos políticos de Puerto Rico: 1809-1898 https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/54455/1/5327102689.pdf es Puerto Rico Complutense University of Madrid 1 11 September 2022 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. La Regencia de María Cristina (1885-1902) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA109 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 109–120 9788470903502 Roldán de Montaud Inés 1999 Política y elecciones en Cuba durante la restauración http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/8781/1/POL%C3%8DTICA%20Y%20ELECCIONES%20EN%20CUBA%20DURANTE.pdf es Revista de Estudios Políticos 104 245–287 19 December 2020 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Tone John Lawrence 2006 War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895-1898 https://books.google.com/books?id=1wv5KHk2_dsC&pg=PA230 The Monster and the Assassin University of North Carolina Press 225–239 9780807830062 Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Yeoman James Michael 2019 Print Culture and the Formation of the Anarchist Movement in Spain, 1890–1915 https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12021/1/James%20M%20Yeoman%20-%20Print%20Culture%20and%20the%20Formation%20of%20the%20Anarchist%20Movement%20in%20Spain%201890-1915.pdf Routledge 53–66 978-1-00-071215-5 mdy-all Category:1893 elections in Spain 1893 Category:March 1893 in Europe