13th century in Wales

none January 2020 September 2019 September 2019 12th century | 14th century | Other years in Wales Other events of the century This article is about the particular significance of the century 1201–1300 to Wales and its people. Princes of Wales Llywelyn the Great (c. 1218–1240) Dafydd ap Llywelyn (1240–1246) Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1246–1282) Dafydd ap Gruffudd (1282–83) (Also Madog ap Llywelyn, proclaimed prince during revolt of 1294–95)Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages https://books.google.com/books?id=NFGuBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149 12 January 2011 University of Wales Press 978-0-7083-2447-9 149 Events Timeline of Welsh history#13th century 1201 Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd, takes Eifionydd and Llŷn from Maredudd ap Cynan on a charge of treachery.R. R. Davies The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063–1415 https://books.google.com/books?id=klauMOoHXK0C&pg=PA239 2000 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-820878-5 239 July – Llywelyn makes a treaty with King John of England. Valle Crucis Abbey founded by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor.Ian Coulthard Offa's Dyke Circular Walks: Northern Section https://books.google.com/books?id=z131ArXrMu4C&pg=PA37 2001 Sigma Leisure 978-1-85058-726-2 37 1202 August – Llywelyn the Great attacks Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys.David Stephenson Medieval Powys: Kingdom, Principality and Lordships, 1132-1293. Boydell Press 2016 9781783271405 90 1203 7 November – Geoffrey de Henlaw is consecrated as Bishop of St David's.National Library of Wales Journal https://books.google.com/books?id=Nbe5AAAAIAAJ 1972 Council of the National Library of Wales 59 1204 King John of England suspects Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, of colluding with the Welsh and has his estates temporarily confiscated.David Stephenson Medieval Powys: Kingdom, Principality and Lordships, 1132-1293. Boydell Press 2016 9781783271405 87 1205 probable – Llywelyn the Great marries Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England.Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011 https://books.google.com/books?id=kjme027UeagC&pg=RA2-PA425 Douglas Richardson 978-1-4610-4513-7 2 1206 King John gives Skenfrith Castle, Grosmont Castle and White Castle to William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. Gerald of Wales makes his fourth visit to Rome.Christopher Robert Cheney Pope Innocent III and England https://books.google.com/books?id=1gs_AAAAIAAJ 1976 Hiersemann 978-3-7772-7623-6 70 1208 March – For failing to intervene in the rebellion of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, Walter II de Clifford is deprived of his Marcher barony of Clifford by King John of England. Gwenwynwyn ab Owain is arrested by King John. Llywelyn the Great annexes Gwenwynwyn's territory of southern Powys. 1209 Llywelyn the Great accompanies his father-in-law, King John of England, on campaign against King William I of Scotland. 1210 Maud de Braose and her son William are captured and imprisoned by King John, first at Windsor Castle and then at Corfe Castle, where they are starved to death. Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, and Peter des Roches lead an army into Gwynedd. To impede their progress, Llywelyn destroys his own castle at Deganwy, which Ranulf subsequently rebuilds.Samuel Lewis A Topographical Dictionary of Wales: Comprising the Several Counties, Cities, Boroughs, Corporate and Market Towns, Parishes, Chapelries, and Townships, with Historical and Statistical Descriptions https://books.google.com/books?id=guM9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP313 1840 S. Lewis 313 1211 August – King John of England invades Gwynedd with assistance from other Welsh princes and, at his second attempt, penetrates the heart of Llywelyn the Great's territory.George Henry Townsend Frederick W. Martin The Manual of Dates: A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records https://books.google.com/books?id=OBdXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA887 1862 887 When Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor, refuses to meet John, Bangor is burned and the bishop is taken prisoner. 1212 Pope Innocent III releases Llywelyn the Great and other Welsh princes from their oaths of loyalty to King John; Llywelyn re-takes most of Gwynedd. 1213 Llywelyn the Great takes the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan. 1214 4 December – Llywelyn the Great captures Shrewsbury without resistance. 1215 15 June – A clause in Magna Carta compels release of Llywelyn the Great's son Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, held as a hostage. 21 June – Cadwgan of Llandyfai is consecrated as Bishop of Bangor. December – Llywelyn captures the south Wales castles of Carmarthen, Kidwelly, Llanstephan, Cardigan and Cilgerran. Reginald de Braose, marries Gwladus Ddu. 1216 19 October – The death of King John of England and the accession of his son as Henry III relieve political tensions between England and Wales. Llywelyn the Great holds a council at Aberdyfi to adjudicate on the territorial claims of the lesser princes of Wales. 1217 9 October – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, marries Isabel Marshal (on her 17th birthday). Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster, completes the rebuilding of the church at Llanthony Priory. Reginald de Braose, son-in-law of Llywelyn the Great, goes over to the English; Llywelyn responds by attacking de Braose's lands. De Braose surrenders Swansea to Llywelyn. 1218 Treaty of Worcester: Llywelyn the Great makes peace with King Henry III of England, his brother-in-law. 1219 John de Braose, grandson of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, marries Marared, daughter of Llywelyn the Great. 1220 King Henry III of England recognises Dafydd ap Llywelyn as the heir of Llywelyn the Great. Hostilities break out between Llywelyn and William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. 1221 Approximate date of the building of Castell y Bere by Llywelyn the Great. 1222 Llywelyn the Great petitions Pope Honorius II to confirm the succession of his legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. Elen ferch Llywelyn marries John the Scot, Earl of Chester. 1223 William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, retaliates against Llywelyn the Great, recovering Pembroke.Thomas Lloyd Julian Orbach Robert Scourfield Pembrokeshire Yale University Press 2004 9780300101782 167 1226 Pope Honorius III legitimizes Joan, Lady of Wales, at the request of her husband, Llywelyn the Great. Regents of King Henry III of England order William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, to surrender the castles of Cardigan and Carmarthen. 1228 Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, leads an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam. 1229 King Henry III of England accepts the homage of Dafydd ap Llywelyn for the lands he will inherit from his father, Llywelyn the Great. 1230 Easter – William de Braose, during a visit to Llywelyn the Great, is found in the bedchamber of Llywelyn's wife Joan. De Braose is hanged and Joan is placed under house arrest. probable – Dafydd ap Llywelyn marries Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose. probable – The widowed Gwladus Ddu marries Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore. Hay-on-Wye Castle passes into the hands of the de Bohun family. 1231 9 February – Anselm le Gras is consecrated as Bishop of St David's. 1232 Walter III de Clifford marries Margaret, a daughter of Llywelyn the Great. 1233 Walter III de Clifford, with a force of 200 men, defends Bronllys Castle against his father-in-law, Llywelyn the Great. 1234 January – Llywelyn the Great, in alliance with Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, takes Shrewsbury. 21 June – Peace of Middle ends hostilities between Llywelyn the Great and the English Crown. Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke, begins enlarging and further strengthening Pembroke Castle. 1238 At Strata Florida Abbey, Welsh princes swear fealty to Dafydd ap Llywelyn as heir to Llywelyn the Great. 1240 11 April – Dafydd ap Llywelyn succeeds his father, Llywelyn the Great, as Prince of Gwynedd and Wales. 15 May – the Treaty of Gloucester is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III. 1241 17 March – Dafydd sends representatives to Shrewsbury to discuss the ownership of disputed lands as required by the Treaty of Gloucester, though he absents himself. The meeting, and several others, prove fruitless. August – King Henry III of England invades Gwynedd. 29 August – the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III. In it, Dafydd agrees to cede most of modern-day Flintshire to Henry. Shortly thereafter, Dafydd hands over his half-brother, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, to Henry for imprisonment in the Tower of London. 1244 1 March – after several years of imprisonment, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr dies in an escape attempt. Dafydd ap Llywelyn wages war in the Marches against Henry III. 1245 March – Dafydd ap Llywelyn recovers much of Flintshire, including Mold Castle. August – Henry III of England invades Gwynedd. After being defeated in battle by Dafydd ap Llywelyn, he proceeds to Deganwy and refortifies the castle there. Autumn – Henry III withdraws to England. Following representations from Henry, the Vatican reverses its decision to recognise Dafydd as rightful ruler of Wales. 1246 25 February – Dafydd ap Llywelyn dies at Abergwyngregyn; he is succeeded by his nephews, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Owain ap Gruffudd. 1247 20 February – An earthquake damages St David's Cathedral. April – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and his brother Owain Goch ap Gruffydd come to terms with King Henry III of England at Woodstock. December – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, keeps a lavish Christmas court at his castle on the Welsh borders. 1252 July – the earliest known document issued by Dafydd ap Gruffydd is drawn up; in it, he is referred to as 'lord of Cymydmaen'. From this point on Dafydd plays an increasingly important role in Welsh politics. 1255 June – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd defeats his brothers Dafydd ap Gruffydd and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd at the Battle of Bryn Derwin. 1256 November – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd crosses the River Conwy to take control of Gwynedd Is Conwy. With him is his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd, who has been released from captivity. 1257 June – A Norman army, sent to reclaim the lands taken from Rhys Fychan by his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys Grug, is defeated by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at the Battle of Cymerau. 1258 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd begins using the title "Prince of Wales"; a short-lived Cambro-Scottish treaty is concluded. 1260 Approximate date of the building of the chapel at Manorbier Castle. 1262 July – Following his father's death, Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, becomes the ward of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford. 1263 Dafydd ap Gruffydd enters an alliance with King Edward I of England. 1265 22 June – Treaty of Pipton establishes an alliance between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. 1267 Under the terms of the Treaty of Montgomery, King Henry III of England recognises Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales. 1268 Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, refuses to obey the King's summons to parliament, alleging that, his Welsh estates needed his presence for their defence against Llewelyn ap Gruffudd. Work begins on Caerphilly Castle. 1272 English bishops Godfrey Giffard and Roger de Meyland negotiate with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Traditional construction date of fortified stone Monnow Bridge at Monmouth. 1274 Dafydd ap Gruffydd allies himself with King Edward I of England, and conspires with Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn to assassinate Dafydd's brother Llywelyn. 1275 Following her mother's death, Eleanor de Montfort begins her journey to Wales by sea for her marriage with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. She is captured by "pirates" and taken prisoner by King Edward I of England. 1276 King Edward I of England declares Llywelyn ap Gruffudd a rebel and marches on Wales. Llewelyn seizes Llanrwst, declaring it a "free borough" independent of the diocese of Llanelwy. 1277 24 June – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, convenes an army of Marcher lords at Worcester. Treaty of Aberconwy is signed by Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd releases his elder brother, Owain Goch ap Gruffydd, from captivity. Edward I begins construction of castles at Aberystwyth (on a new site), Flint and Rhuddlan, in the latter case involving canalising part of the River Clwyd. 1278 October – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is formally married to Eleanor de Montfort at the door of Worcester Cathedral. King Edward I of England attends the ceremony and pays for the celebrations. 1280 6 October – Thomas Bek is consecrated as Bishop of St David's. Neath Fair and Llanidloes Market chartered. 1282 Palm Sunday – Dafydd ap Gruffudd attacks Hawarden Castle. June – an English army is routed at the battle of Llandeilo. Autumn – Archbishop John Peckham unsuccessfully attempts to intercede between King Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. 7 October – Edward I of England grants the lordship of Bromfield and Yale to John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, who begins construction of Holt Castle and laying out of a new English town of Holt. 6 November – An English army attempting to cross the Menai Strait from Anglesey is routed by Welsh forces in the battle of Moel-y-Don. In spite of the setback, English forces continue to make inroads into Gwynedd. 11 December – Death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at the Battle of Orewin Bridge in Cilmeri. Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeds him as prince. 1283 18 January – Surrender of Dolwyddelan Castle. 25 April – Cynfrig ap Madog surrenders Castell y Bere to the English. 22 June – Dafydd ap Gruffudd is captured by King Edward I of England. 3 October (2?) – Dafydd ap Gruffudd is executed at Shrewsbury. Edward obliges the Cistercians of Aberconwy Abbey to relocate to Maenan Abbey to permit his erection of a castle and walled town at Conwy. He also begins work on the stone-built Caernarfon Castle. 1284 3 March – King Edward I of England enacts the Statute of Rhuddlan, promulgated on 19 March at Rhuddlan Castle, providing the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of North Wales. August – Edward holds court at Abergwyngregyn. Edward holds the first "Round Table" tournament, at Nefyn.Palmer Alan Palmer Veronica 1992 The Chronology of British History Century Ltd London 0-7126-5616-2 1285 May – The Cross of Neith, an important religious relic acquired from Wales, is carried through London at the head of a royal procession. 2 September – Isabella Mortimer, Countess of Arundel, marries, as her third husband, Robert de Hastang. She is subsequently fined the sum of £1,000 for having married without Royal Licence.G.E. Cokayne The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant new, 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes Gloucester, UK Alan Sutton Publishing 2000 I 240 1286 Manuscript B of the Annales Cambriae is completed, probably at the Cistercian abbey of Neath.Constructing History Across the Norman Conquest: Worcester, C.1050-c.1150 York Medieval Press 2022 9781914049040 228 1287 8 June – Rhys ap Maredudd revolts in south-west Wales. 1288 20 January – Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt is finally suppressed as his final stronghold, the castle at Newcastle Emlyn, surrenders. Rhys goes to ground. 1289 February – On attaining his majority, Richard FitzAlan is knighted and succeeds to his title of 8th Earl of Arundel. Construction work ends on Aberystwyth Castle. Harlech Castle is completed by King Edward I of England, at a total cost of £8,190. 1290 Rebel William Cragh is captured by William de Braose, son of the Lord of Gower. 1294 30 September – Madog ap Llywelyn begins a revolt against King Edward I of England, claiming the title "Prince of Wales". 11 November – Madog defeats the forces of the earl of Lincoln in a pitched battle near Denbigh. 19 December – Madog issues the so-called Penmachno Document, the only surviving document drawn up by him in which he refers to himself as prince. 1295 5 March – Madog is defeated at the Battle of Maes Moydog. July – Madog surrenders. Beaumaris Castle on Anglesey begun.http://www.beaumaris.com/ Welcome to Beaumaris 2010-11-08 Roger Mortimer de Chirk builds Chirk Castle. Books Cadwgan of Llandyfai – De modo confitendi Births 1203 date unknown – Eva Marshal, noblewoman (d. 1246) 1212 April – Dafydd ap Llywelyn (probable; died 1246) 1222 4 August – Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford (d. 1262) 1224 date unknown – Maud de Braose, Baroness Mortimer (d. 1301) probable – William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose (d. 1291) 1231 date unknown – Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer (d. 1282) 1282 June – Gwenllian, only child of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Eleanor de Montfort (d. 1337) 7 August – Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, daughter of King Edward I of England (d. 1316) 1287 25 April – Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (d. 1330) 1291 25 July – Hawys Gadarn, heiress (d. c. 1353) Deaths 1201 25 July – Gruffydd ap Rhys II, Prince of Deheubarth 1203 May – Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, deposed Prince of Gwynedd 1209 probable – Walter Map, writer 1211 9 August – William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber date unknown – Roger de Lacy, Constable of Chester 1212 date unknown Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Welsh prince Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor 1214 19 August – Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, Marcher lord 1215 17 November – Giles de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny and Bishop of Hereford 1216 probable – Gwenwynwyn ab Owain, prince of Powys 1217 14 October – Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, 43? date unknown – Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, Marcher lord 1218 12 November – Henry de Abergavenny, Bishop of Llandaff 1219 14 May – William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1220 date unknown Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke 1221 17 January – Walter II de Clifford, Marcher lord 1223 probable – Gerald of Wales, chronicler 1228 June – Reginald de Braose 1229 10 October – Henry de Beaumont, 5th Earl of Warwick, Welsh landowner 1230 2 May – William de Braose (executed) date unknown – Maelgwn ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth 1231 6 April – William Marshal, 2nd Earl of PembrokePlantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011 https://books.google.com/books?id=kjme027UeagC&pg=RA1-PA396 Douglas Richardson 978-1-4610-4513-7 1 1232 18 July – John de Braose, Lord of Bramber and Gower 26 October – Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, Marcher lord 1234 16 April – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke date unknown – Rhys Gryg, Prince of Deheubarth 1236 date unknown – Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, founder of Valle Crucis Abbey 1237 2 February – Joan, wife of Llywelyn the Great 6 June – John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, son-in-law of Llywelyn the Great 1240 11 April – Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales 1241 11 April – Cadwgan of Llandyfai, Bishop of Bangor date unknown – John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry 1244 1 March – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great (fell to his death in an attempt to escape from the Tower of London) 1245 5 December – Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of PembrokeA companion and key to the history of England; consisting of copious genealogical details of the British sovereigns, with an appendix, exhibiting a chronological epitome of the successive holders of the several titles of the ... nobility, etc, with their armorial bearings https://books.google.com/books?id=cCBkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA632 1832 632 1246 25 February – Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of WalesMichael Ashley British Monarchs: The Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain https://books.google.com/books?id=tz6gAAAAMAAJ 1998 Robinson 978-1-85487-504-4 6 August – Ralph de Mortimer, Marcher lord date unknown – Ednyfed Fychan, seneschal of Llywelyn the Great 1247 date unknown Hywel ab Ednyfed, Bishop of St Asaph Odo of Cheriton, Latin author 1251 date unknown Eleanor de Braose, Countess of Hereford Gwladus Ddu, daughter of Llywelyn the Great 1253 date unknown – Elen ferch Llywelyn, daughter of Llywelyn the Great by Joan 1254 28 March – William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby 1255 11 July – Thomas Wallensis, Bishop of St David's 1256 Gruffudd ab Ednyfed, son of Ednyfed Fychan 1267 October/November – Richard, bishop of Bangor 1268 17 October – Goronwy ab Ednyfed, seneschal of Gwynedd 1269 date unknown – Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran 1280 1 April – Richard de Carew, Bishop of St David's 1282 19 June – Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales (in childbirth) 30 October – Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer 11 December – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales (killed in battle) probable – Gruffudd Bola, Latin author 1283 3 October – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Gwynedd (executed) date unknown – Goronwy ap Heilin, seneschal of Wales 1286 Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, prince of Powys 1289 Gruffudd Fychan I, prince of Powys Fadog 1292 Rhys ap Maredudd, lord of Dryslwyn and rebel leader (executed) 1293 12 May – Thomas Bek, Bishop of St David's 1294 17 January – Sir Roger de Puleston, Sheriff of Anglesey (lynched by a mob in Caernarfon) 1295 7 December – Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford date unknown – Cynan ap Maredudd, rebel leader 1296 May – William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1297 21 November – Roger de Mowbray, 1st Baron Mowbray, Norman lord and a leader in the Welsh wars 1298 31 December – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford date unknown – William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick, Norman lord and a leader in the Welsh wars 1299 date unknown – John Giffard, sheriff of Gloucester References Category:Lordship of Bromfield and Yale