1971 Soviet nuclear tests

Detonations of atomic bombs in the Eurasian country List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1971 Soviet Union Arkhangelsk, Russia; Atyrau, Kazakhstan; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Ivanovo, Russia; Komi, Russia; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Orenburg, Russia; Perm, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan 1971 23 cratering, underground shaft, tunnel 2.4 MtTNT in 1970 Soviet nuclear tests 1972 Soviet nuclear tests 1971 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1971 nuclear test series was a group of 23 nuclear tests conducted in 1971. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1970 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1972 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1971 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.Time Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 332332 dmy 1971 1 29 05:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 114 49.80334 78.16045 332 inline 000657657 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000018000 1.8 kt 333333 dmy 1971 3 22 04:33:00.3 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 510p 49.7985 78.109 333 inline 000656656 m on + tunnel,peaceful research 000670000 67 kt 334334 dmy 1971 3 22 04:33:?? ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 807 49.77704 78.09342 334 inline 000601601 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 335 Taiga - 1335 Taiga dmy 1971 3 23 06:59:58.4 SVET (5 hrs) Perm, Russia: 1B 61.30759 56.59926 335 Taiga - 1 inline 000000 – 128 m on cratering,earth moving 000150000 15 kt Excavation for canal. 335 Taiga - 2335 Taiga dmy 1971 3 23 06:59:58 SVET (5 hrs) Perm, Russia: 2B 61.30621 56.59881 335 Taiga - 2 inline 000000 – 128 m on cratering,industrial 000150000 15 kt Excavation for canal. 335 Taiga - 3335 Taiga dmy 1971 3 23 06:59:58 SVET (5 hrs) Perm, Russia: 3B 61.30472 56.59843 335 Taiga - 3 inline 000000 – 128 m on cratering,industrial 000150000 15 kt Excavation for canal. 336336 dmy 1971 4 9 02:33:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 148/1 49.83145 78.03479 336 inline 000632632 m on + tunnel,industrial 000002300 230 t Tested a special device for keeping radioactivity from invading ore bodies when using a bomb to fracture them. 337337 dmy 1971 4 25 03:32:59.9 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 706 49.7685 78.0339 337 inline 000689689 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000900000 90 kt 338338 dmy 1971 5 25 04:03:00.4 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 119 49.8016 78.1388 338 inline 000761761 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000090000 9 kt 339339 dmy 1971 6 6 04:02:59.7 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 110 49.97599 77.65964 339 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000160000 16 kt 340340 dmy 1971 6 19 04:04:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 129 49.96946 77.64124 340 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000350000 35 kt 341341 dmy 1971 6 30 03:56:59.8 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1056 49.94657 78.9797 341 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000050000 5 kt 342 Globus 4342 Globus 4 dmy 1971 7 2 17:00:01.1 MSK (3 hrs) Komi, Russia: GB-4 67.28486 63.46342 342 Globus 4 inline 000000 – 540 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Seismic probing program. 343 Globus 3343 Globus 3 dmy 1971 7 10 17:00:01.4 MSK (3 hrs) Komi, Russia: GB-3 64.16663 55.26057 343 Globus 3 inline 000000 – 470 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Seismic probing program. 344 Globus 1344 Globus 1 dmy 1971 9 19 11:00:01.1 MSK (3 hrs) Ivanovo, Russia: GB-1 57.508 42.643 344 Globus 1 inline 000000 – 610 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Venting detected Seismic probing program. 345 - 1345 dmy 1971 9 27 05:59:55.75 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-8 73.393 54.92 345 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 1200 m on tunnel,weapons development 024500000 2.5 Mt Venting detected off site, 15 Ci GBq on 345 - 2345 dmy 1971 9 27 05:59:55.8 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-8 73.393 54.92 345 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 345 - 3345 dmy 1971 9 27 05:59:55.8 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-8 73.393 54.92 345 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 345 - 4345 dmy 1971 9 27 05:59:55.8 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-8 73.393 54.92 345 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 346 Globus 2346 Globus 2 dmy 1971 10 4 10:00:00.1 MSK (3 hrs) Arkhangelsk, Russia: GB-2 61.358 48.092 346 Globus 2 inline 000000 – 595 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Seismic probing program. 347347 dmy 1971 10 9 06:02:59.7 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 111 49.97852 77.64117 347 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000120000 12 kt Venting detected 348348 dmy 1971 10 21 06:02:59.7 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 127 49.9744 77.59698 348 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000230000 23 kt 349 Sapfir (Sapphire)349 Sapfir (Sapphire) dmy 1971 10 22 05:00:01.0 SVET (5 hrs) Orenburg, Russia: E-2 51.6 54.45 349 Sapfir (Sapphire) inline 000000 – 1140 m on underground shaft,cavity excavation 000150000 15 kt Create reservoirs for gas storage. 350 - 1350 dmy 1971 11 29 06:02:59.9 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 105 49.7434 78.0785 350 - 1 inline 000766766 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000280000 28 kt 350 - 2350 dmy 1971 11 29 06:02:59.9 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 105 49.7434 78.0785 350 - 2 inline 000766766 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 351351 dmy 1971 12 15 07:53:59.8 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 157 49.8264 77.9973 351 inline 000576691 m on – 115 m on tunnel,weapon effect 000060000 6 kt 352 Galit A3 (Halite)352 Galit A3 (Halite) dmy 1971 12 22 06:59:59.0 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-III 47.872 48.222 352 Galit A3 (Halite) inline 000000 – 987 m on underground shaft,industrial 000640000 64 kt Create reservoirs for gas storage; reused the cavity for test #437. 353353 dmy 1971 12 30 06:21:00.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 809 49.76 78.0371 353 inline 000714714 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000500000 50 kt 354354 dmy 1971 12 30 06:21:?? ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 609 49.75729 78.04214 354 inline 000715715 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Cochran Thomas B. Arkin William M. Robert S. Norris Jeffrey I. Sands Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons Harper and Row New York, NY Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Nordyke M.D. The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions UCRL-ID-12441O Rev 2 http://cryptocomb.org/The%20Soviet%20Program%20for%20Peaceful%20Uses%20of%20Nuclear%20Explosions.pdf December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 1971 Category:1971 in the Soviet Union Category:1971 in military history Category:1971 explosions