1913 in science

none thumb | right | alt=Second Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, 1913. | Second Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, 1913. 1913 science 1913 The year 1913 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy February 9 – Meteor procession of February 9, 1913 visible along a great circle arc 6,040 miles km 5 across the Americas. Astronomer Clarence Chant concludes that the source was a small, short-lived natural satellite of the Earth.Chant C. 1913JRASC...7..145C An Extraordinary Meteoric Display Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 7 1913 145–19 Berlin Observatory moves to Babelsberg. Biology William Temple Hornaday publishes Our Vanishing Wild Life: Its Extermination and Preservation. Chemistry February – Daniel J. O'Conor and Herbert A. Faber file for a United States patent on the composite plastic laminate Formica.http://www.formica.com/ContentPage.aspx?code=PAG_OURLEGACY_EARLYYEARS Our Legacy – Early Years Formica Corporation 2012-06-08 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110324075223/http://www.formica.com/ContentPage.aspx?code=PAG_OURLEGACY_EARLYYEARS 2011-03-24 Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Lafayette Mendel and Thomas Burr Osborne at Yale University independently discover Vitamin A.Original papers published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. http://www.clinchem.org/content/43/4/680.full Vitamine—vitamin: The early years of discovery Rosenfeld, Louis Clinical Chemistry April 1997 43 4 680–685 American Association for Clinical Chemistry 2016-07-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20160604072512/http://www.clinchem.org/content/43/4/680.full 2016-06-04 dead 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 free 9105273 Protactinium is first identified by Oswald Helmuth Göhring and Kasimir Fajans. Henry Moseley shows that nuclear charge is the real basis for numbering the elements and discovers a systematic relation between wavelength and atomic number by using x-ray spectra obtained by diffraction in crystals.Weisstein Eric W. Moseley, Henry (1887–1915) Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography Wolfram Research Products 1996 https://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Moseley.html 2007-03-25 Frederick Soddy proposes that isotopes (a term suggested by Margaret Todd which he introduces) may have differing atomic weightsFrederick Soddy: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921 Elsevier 1966 https://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/soddy-bio.html 2007-03-25 while he and Fajans independently propose the radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy.Kasimir Fajans 1913 Über eine Beziehung zwischen der Art einer radioaktiven Umwandlung und dem elektrochemischen Verhalten der betreffenden Radioelemente On a relation between the type of radioactive transformation and the electrochemical behavior of the relevant radioactive elements Physikalische Zeitschrift 14 131–136 J. J. Thomson shows that charged subatomic particles can be separated by their mass-to-charge ratio, the technique known as mass spectrometry.Early Mass Spectrometry A History of Mass Spectrometry Scripps Center for Mass Spectrometry 2005 http://masspec.scripps.edu/MSHistory/timelines/1897.php 2007-03-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20070303134854/http://masspec.scripps.edu/MSHistory/timelines/1897.php 2007-03-03 dead The Bergius process is first developed and patented by German chemist Friedrich Bergius. Climatology Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson discover the ozone layer. Geology Albert A. Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth History of science March – First publication of Isis, the journal of the history of science edited by George Sarton, in Ghent. Pierre Duhem begins publication of Le Système du Monde: Histoire des Doctrines cosmologiques de Platon à Copernic in Paris. Mathematics March 6 – First publication of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics, a polemical review of Peter Coffey's The Science of LogicReview http://fair-use.org/the-cambridge-review/1913/03/06/reviews/the-science-of-logic The Cambridge Review 34 853 351 2016-11-06 2006-04-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20060430185008/http://fair-use.org/the-cambridge-review/1913/03/06/reviews/the-science-of-logic dead written in 1912 when Wittgenstein was an undergraduate studying with Bertrand Russell. Publication of the 3rd volume of Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, one of the most important and seminal works in mathematical logic and philosophy. Émile Borel first states the infinite monkey theorem in the way it will subsequently become known.Émile Borel Mécanique statistique et irréversibilité Journal de Physique 5e série 3 1913 189–196 Physics William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg work out the Bragg condition for strong X-ray reflection. Niels Bohr presents his quantum model of the atom.http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/bohr13/eng.pdf On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules N. Bohr Philosophical Magazine Series 6 London 26 1913 151 1–25 2012-01-24 10.1080/14786441308634955 1913PMag...26....1B William Crookes creates sunglass lenses. Robert Millikan measures the fundamental unit of electric charge. Georges Sagnac demonstrates the Sagnac effect, showing that light propagates at a speed independent of the speed of its source.Sagnac Georges 1913 The demonstration of the luminiferous aether by an interferometer in uniform rotation Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 157 708–710 Johannes Stark demonstrates that strong electric fields will split the Balmer spectral line series of hydrogen. Physiology and medicine Nikolay Anichkov first demonstrates the significance and role of cholesterol in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.On experimental cholesterin steatosis and its significance in the origin of some pathological processes http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/3/2/178.long N. Anitschkow S. Chalatow Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 1983 3 178–182 10.1161/01.ATV.3.2.178 free subscription Originally published 1913 in Centralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie (in German) XXIV, page 1-9 Albert Schweitzer sets up the Albert Schweitzer Hospital at Lambaréné in French Equatorial Africa. Psychology John B. Watson publishes the article "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" — sometimes called "The Behaviorist Manifesto".Psychological Review 20: pp. 158-177. Technology April 29 – Swedish American engineer Gideon Sundback of Hoboken, New Jersey, patents the all-purpose zipper. May 26 (May 13 O.S.) – Igor Sikorsky flies the world's first 4-engine fixed-wing aircraft, his Bolshoi Baltisky biplane, near Saint Petersburg.https://books.google.com/books?id=eE-trX3XZawC&q=Bolshoi+Baltisky&pg=PA27 The Sikorsky Legacy 27 Sergei I. Sikorsky Arcadia Publishing Charleston, South Carolina 2007 978-0-7385-4995-8 2012-05-12Sikorsky, Igor Encyclopedia of World Scientists Oakes, Elizabeth H. Rev. Infobase Publishing 2007 667 August – Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield, England (concurrent with the invention of another type in the United States by Elwood Haynes).Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 0-14-102715-0 2006 94 Oskar Barnack of Leitz produces the first 35 mm film miniature still camera. The Kaplan turbine is invented by Viktor Kaplan.https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230792075 New Austrian Stamps The Sun 1765 Sydney 24 January 1937 10 March 2017 13 National Library of Australia French inventor René Lorin patents the ramjet, but attempts to build a prototype fail due to inadequate materials.Zucker Robert D. Oscar Biblarz Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics Wiley 2002 0-471-05967-6 Publications Die Naturwissenschaften first published by Die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V. Journal of Ecology first published. Awards Nobel Prize Physics – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Chemistry – Alfred Werner Medicine – Charles Richet Births January 31 – Murray Bowen (died 1990), American psychiatrist and pioneer of family therapy. February 28 – David Hawkins (died 2002), American philosopher of science and mathematics and science educator. March 2 – Georgy Flyorov (died 1990), Russian physicist. March 26 – Paul Erdős (died 1996), Hungarian mathematician.Paul Erdős – Hungarian mathematician https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Erdos Encyclopædia Britannica 21 February 2018 April 20 – Willi Hennig (died 1976), German entomologist and pioneer of cladistics. April 30 – Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein (died 2006), American mathematician and cryptanalyst. May 13 – Erich Lackner (died 1992), Austrian-born German civil engineer. June 10 Edward Abraham (died 1999), English biochemist. Benjamin Shapira (died 1993), German-born Israeli biochemist, recipient of the Israel Prize. August 20 – Roger Wolcott Sperry (died 1994), American neuropsychologist, neurobiologist and Nobel laureate. August 22 – Bruno Pontecorvo (died 1993), Italian-born physicist. September 13 – Kai Setälä (died 2005), Finnish physician.https://www.hs.fi/muistot/art-2000002627923.html Kai Setälä - Muistot Helsingin Sanomat subscription 18 May 2011 12 February 2024 fi October 10 – Remy Chauvin (died 2009), French biologist and entomologist. November 12 – Joel Elkes (died 2015), Königsberg-born pharmacologist. Deaths January 2 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort (born 1855), French meteorologist. January 4 – Benjamin Leigh Smith (born 1828), English Arctic explorer. January 18 – George Alexander Gibson (born 1854), Scottish physician and geologist. February 20 – Robert von Lieben (born 1878), Austrian physicist. April 14 – Carl Hagenbeck (born 1844), German zoologist. April 26 – Sigismond Jaccoud (born 1830), Swiss-born French physician. May 28 – John Lubbock (born 1834), English naturalist and archaeologist. August 3 – Josephine Cochrane (born 1839), American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher. September 29 – Rudolf Diesel (born 1858), German mechanical engineer (lost overboard this night). November 7 – Alfred Russel Wallace (born 1823), British biologist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1910s in science