1894 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atl 1894 1894 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png June 6, 1894 October 29, 1894 Six 115 931 1 7 5 4 At least 5.29 >269 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896 1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons The 1894 Atlantic hurricane season included four major hurricanes,A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 2024 North Atlantic Hurricane Basin (1851-2022) Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT December 25, 2024 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html Miami, Florida "nb" one of the highest totals in the second half of the 19th century and behind only the previous year. Additionally, the season featured a total of seven tropical storms, five of which strengthened into a hurricane. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future The Atlantic hurricane database re-analysis project: Documentation for the 1851–1910 alterations and additions to the HURDAT database Landsea Christopher W. Murname, Richard J. Liu, Kam-biu 2004 Columbia University Press New York City, New York 0-231-12388-4 195 https://books.google.com/books?id=4jC6ljADbsIC&q=1851%20to%201885%20%22four%22 March 16, 2024 Meteorologists José Fernández-Partagás and Henry F. Diaz added one new storm, the first cyclone, to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) as part of their 1996 reanalysis. Later, the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project upgraded the fourth system to major hurricane status but did not increase or decrease the overall number of cyclones. A study by climate researcher Michael Chenoweth, published in 2014, concluded that eight cyclones formed in the Atlantic in 1894, recommending the removal of the cyclone first documented by Fernández-Partagás and Diaz and the addition of two new systems. However, the proposals suggested in Chenoweth's study have yet to be included in HURDAT. The first storm of the season existed over the northwestern Caribbean Sea by June 6. Passing between Cuba and Jamaica, the cyclone dropped heavy rain in the former before dissipating three days later. One person drowned after being swept overboard due to rough seas generated by the third system. In the second half of September, the fourth storm of the season caused at least 227 deaths and more than $5.09 million (1894 USD) in damage across the Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, and the East Coast of the United States.All damage figures are in 1894 USD, unless otherwise noted "nb" The following system primarily impacted the Eastern United States in early October, inflicting more than $200,000 in damage and at least 28 fatalities. That same month, the season's most intense cyclone, the sixth system, which peaked as a Category 4 hurricane on the present-day Saffir–Simpson scale, killed at least 13 people in the Lesser Antilles. By October 29, the seventh and final storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone well east of Atlantic Canada. Collectively, the cyclones of the 1894 season caused more than $5.29 million in damage and more than 269 deaths. __TOC__ Season summary The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) officially recognizes that seven tropical cyclones formed during the 1894 season, five of which strengthened into a hurricane. Four of those intensified into a major hurricane, one of the most recorded during a season in the second half of the nineteenth century, tied with 1886 and behind only the previous season, which had five. Meteorologists José Fernández-Partagás and Henry F. Diaz added a new storm, the first system, during their reanalysis of the season in 1996. Although the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project did not add or remove any storms, it upgraded the fourth cyclone to major hurricane status in accordance with a 2003 study led by meteorologist Emery R. Boose. However, a more recent reanalysis by climate researcher Michael Chenoweth, published in 2014, adds two storms and removes one – the first system – for a net gain of one cyclone; Chenoweth's study utilizes a more extensive collection of newspapers and ship logs, as well as late 19th century weather maps for the first time, in comparison to previous reanalysis projects. The proposals by Chenoweth have yet to be incorporated into HURDAT, however. The first storm of the season existed over the northwestern Caribbean Sea by June 6. After passing between Cuba and Jamaica, the cyclone continued generally westward until dissipating three days later. No tropical cyclogenesis has been confirmed to have occurred again for nearly two months, with a tropical storm appearing over the central Gulf of Mexico by August 5. One other system existed that month, being first observed on August 30 west of the Cabo Verde Islands. Only one cyclone is known to have formed in September. October was the most active month, featuring three systems, all of which became hurricanes. Additionally, the sixth cyclone became the season's most intense, peaking on October 16 as a Category 4 hurricane on the present-day Saffir–Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a minimum atmospheric pressure of 931 mbar inHg on. By October 29, the seventh and final storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone well east of Atlantic Canada. Collectively, the cyclones of the 1894 season caused more than $5.29 million in damage and over 269 deaths.View expanded list of sources https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/127577719/ Mail and Shipping Intelligence October 10, 1894 11 The Times July 3, 2023 London, United Kingdom Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-shore-press/127936100/ 7 Cuban Towns Flooded October 5, 1894 The Shore Press Asbury Park, New Jersey January 31, 2025 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38277584/the_sentinel/ Storm Damage South The Sentinel September 29, 1894 1 January 31, 2025 Carlisle, Pennsylvania Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/126862902/ Foam Capped October 1, 1894 The Boston Globe 2 June 21, 2023 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/126862902/ Schooner Ashore on Cape Roman [sic] October 1, 1894 The Boston Globe 2 January 31, 2025 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-croix-avis/127938740/ Telegrams - St. Croix Station September 22, 1894 St. Croix Avis 2 January 31, 2025 Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands Newspapers.com https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml? The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996 National Hurricane Center Rappaport, Edward N. Fernández-Partagás, José Beven, Jack April 22, 1997 November 1, 2019 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1996 Fernández-Partagás, José Diaz, Henry F. A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources: Year 1894 14 December 11, 2024 https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/1894-1897/1894.pdf October 12, 1894 The Daily News https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pensacola-news/128185108/ Echoes of the Storm 1 July 13, 2023 Pensacola, Florida Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/alexandria-gazette/128135328/ Damages By The Storm October 12, 1894 2 Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser July 13, 2023 Newspapers.com Climatological Data https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DBC26E27-8792-4F3F-AE46-F5B6E2949DF7.pdf Report of the Florida Weather Service for the Year 1894 1 Weather Bureau Jacksonville, Florida September 1895 June 10, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240610055823/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DBC26E27-8792-4F3F-AE46-F5B6E2949DF7.pdf June 10, 2024 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k2tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3j4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1835%2C5123593 1 Killed in Her Bed Paterson Daily Press October 10, 1894 June 10, 2024 https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/142830955/ Great Loss of Property in Long Island City October 10, 1894 The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 12 June 10, 2024 Newspapers.com https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k2tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3j4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1835%2C5123593 1 Death Dealing Storm Paterson Daily Press October 10, 1894 June 10, 2024 https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-croix-avis/148673920/ Survivors of the Gale 3 November 7, 1894 St. Croix Avis June 4, 2024 Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands Newspapers.com Cyclone tropical n° 6 1894 – Passage sur les Petites Antilles le 12 octobre: Éléments de compréhension proposés par l'Amicale des Ouragans 4 https://atlas.amicale-des-ouragans.org/1851_1949/dossiers/AL061894/1894_AL06_CR_ado.pdf Atlas des cyclones des Antilles françaises FR December 12, 2024 The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 135, the fourth highest total of the decade. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have higher values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph km/h on, which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here. Systems Tropical Storm One Atl 1894 Atlantic tropical storm 1 track.png June 6 June 9 35 According to reanalysis by José Fernández-Partagás and Henry F. Diaz in 1996, this system may have formed as early as June 4. However, Fernández-Partagás and Diaz elected to retain Simón Sarasola's 1928 narrative on this cyclone, indicating development about halfway between Cuba and Jamaica early on June 6.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 8. The cyclone remained weak, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) as it headed generally west-northwestward. Late on June 9, the storm was last noted near northeastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula. Flooding occurred in Cuba between Havana and Oriente Province, with the worst impacts in Santa Clara. Climate researcher Michael Chenoweth proposed the exclusion of this storm from HURDAT, arguing that ship records instead were more likely related to a tropical wave and strong high-pressure system.Chenoweth Michael https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/27/23/jcli-d-13-00771.1.xml?tab_body=supplementary-materials A New Compilation of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1851–98 Journal of Climate December 2014 27 12 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00771.1 American Meteorological Society 2014JCli...27.8674C free April 29, 2024 subscription Tropical Storm Two Atl Tropical Storm Two weather map, August 7, 1894.jpg August 5 August 9 50 1894 Atlantic tropical storm 2 track.png Observations from the eastern Gulf of Mexico during the early hours of August 4 "indicated the presence of a cyclonic whirl", as noted by the Monthly Weather Review. However, due to conflicting reports,Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 9. the official track for this storm begins in the central Gulf of Mexico at 06:00 UTC on August 5. The cyclone moved northeastward and strengthened to reach sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) about 24 hours later. By August 7, the system curved north-northwestward and made landfall near Orange Beach, Alabama, at the same intensity around 18:00 UTC. It turned to the west-northwest after moving inland, and dissipated late on August 9 over Louisiana. Chenoweth extends the track back to August 3, with the storm forming over the northwestern Caribbean instead. The storm strikes the Yucatán Peninsula and then moves northward over the Gulf of Mexico, eventually following a similar path to that listed in HURDAT. In the Gulf of Mexico, the schooner Violin was dismasted during the storm and towed to shore by another schooner, the Henry Southers.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-and-news/127568520/ British Schooner Disabled August 9, 1894 Eufaula Times and News 1 July 3, 2023 Eufaula, Alabama Newspapers.com Additionally, the ship Catherine wrecked at the reef of Santa Rosa Island and the crew required rescuing. The storm produced sustained winds up to 52 mph km/h on at Pensacola, Florida, while heavy rains fell in areas along the Gulf Coast.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 8-9. Precipitation generated by the storm flooded several homes in Pensacola and winds downed a number of fences and trees.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-picayune/127569003/ Storm at Pensacola August 9, 1894 The Daily Picayune 11 New Orleans, Louisiana July 3, 2023 Newspapers.com Hurricane Three Atl 1894 Atlantic hurricane 3 track.png August 30 September 9 100 948 A tropical storm was first observed on August 30 near 14 -38, which is approximately 700 mi km on 5 west-southwest of Cape Verde.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 10. The system slowly intensified while moving generally west-northwestward and then northwestward by September 1. Early on the following day, the storm strengthened into a hurricane. Around 18:00 UTC on September 3, the cyclone intensified into a Category 2 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale and soon turned north-northwestward. The hurricane re-curved again by early on September 6 and reached Category 3 hurricane intensity later that day, peaking with winds of 115 mph km/h on. Several steamships encountered the hurricane on September 8 and September 9, including the Othello, which observed a barometric pressure of 948 mbar inHg on, the lowest known pressure in relation to the storm. Additionally, the schooner Origin became caught in the storm, which damaged several parts of the ship and threw one person overboard, who drowned.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/127577719/ Mail and Shipping Intelligence October 10, 1894 11 The Times July 3, 2023 London, United Kingdom Newspapers.com The hurricane weakened and lost tropical characteristics as it accelerated northeastward, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone about 500 mi km on 5 southeast of Greenland late on September 9. In his 2014 study, Chenoweth proposed a mostly similar path to that listed in HURDAT, other than slightly farther west and east at certain points. The study also adds a tropical depression stage on August 30 and August 31. Hurricane Four Atl September 27, 1894 hurricane 4 map.jpg 1894 Atlantic hurricane 4 track.png September 18 October 1 105 975 1894 Greater Antilles hurricane This system was first observed well east of the Lesser Antilles on September 18. Gradually intensifying as it headed west-northwestward, the cyclone became a hurricane on September 19 and a major hurricane on the next day while passing near Martinique. After entering the Caribbean, the storm peaked with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) on September 21, but weakened to a Category 2 hurricane before striking the Dominican Republic on September 22. The system weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before reaching the Gulf of Gonâve, but briefly became a Category 2 hurricane again before striking Cuba near Santiago de Cuba on September 23. Moving west-northwestward along or near the south coast of Cuba, the hurricane turned northward over Matanzas Province on September 24 and briefly weakened to a tropical storm. The cyclone re-intensified into a hurricane over the Straits of Florida on September 25. It then struck Key West, Florida, and later near Punta Rassa, the latter at its secondary peak of 105 mph (165 km/h). After turning north-northeastward and weakening to a tropical storm, the system re-attained hurricane status shortly before entering the Atlantic on September 26. The hurricane struck near Port Royal, South Carolina, early on September 27. Thereafter, the cyclone curved east-northeastward and weakened to a tropical storm over southeastern North Carolina early on September 28. Briefly re-emerging into the Atlantic, the cyclone made its final landfall near Atlantic Beach. After again emerging into the Atlantic, the storm became a hurricane on September 29. However, the cyclone weakened back to a tropical storm on September 30 and was last noted on October 1 east of New England. Chenoweth's study made little adjustments to the track of this storm, although it became extratropical on September 30. Additionally, Chenoweth proposed that the cyclone became a major hurricane as it approached and then struck Florida. Squalls and rough seas in the Lesser Antilles capsized many vessels, causing 10 fatalities on Saint Kitts and another three on Antigua. The hurricane also damaged agriculture, communications, trees, and roads in the region. Numerous structures on Hispaniola suffered some degree of damage, with 500 homes and two churches destroyed.Monthly Weather Review September 1894 North Atlantic Meteorology https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/22/9/1520-0493_1894_22_355_nam_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf 356 10.1175/1520-0493(1894)22[355:NAM]2.0.CO;2 22 9 1894MWRv...22..355. July 9, 2023 free subscription In Cuba, flooding occurred across much of the island, especially in Sagua La Grande after the Sagua la Grande River overflowed, with floodwaters reaching 8 ft m on above ground in a hotel.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 12. The storm destroyed roughly 70 homes and substantially damaged 200 others, rendering about 3,000 families homeless. Approximately 200 people died in Cuba as a result of the storm, while damage in the country totaled about $4 million. Rough seas capsized or destroyed several vessels offshore Florida, causing 14 deaths. Winds damaged a number of structures in the state, especially in Jacksonville and Tampa,https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-enquirer/123552525/ Hurricane at Jacksonville Columbus Daily-Enquirer Sun 1 September 27, 1894 April 26, 2023 Columbus, Georgia Newspapers.com while storm surge and abnormally high tides entered several buildings in St. Augustine. Damage throughout Florida totaled about $1 million. Adverse conditions produced by the storm caused some impacts farther north, including approximately $18,000 in damage when the schooner Benjamin F. Lee wrecked at Cape Romain, South Carolina, and more than $75,000 in damage in New York. Hurricane Five Atl Florida Panhandle hurricane weather map, October 8, 1894.jpg 1894 Atlantic hurricane 5 track.png October 1 October 10 105 955 1894 Florida Panhandle hurricane Due to falling atmospheric pressures in the southwestern Caribbean and surrounding land seas,Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 20. the official track for this cyclone begins on October 1. A minimal tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 3 while passing northeast of Honduras. Late on the October 5, the cyclone passed about 45 mi km on 5 west of Cabo San Antonio, Cuba, as it entered the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane then strengthened, peaking with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) on October 6. Around midday on October 7, the cyclone turned northward, before curving northeastward late on October 8. Around 03:00 UTC the next day, the system struck near Panama City, Florida; a 2003 reanalysis estimated a barometric pressure of 955 mbar inHg on at landfall.Landsea, Christopher W. etal May 2015 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT National Hurricane Center Hurricane Research Division http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html June 10, 2024 The hurricane weakened quickly as it moved inland, deteriorating to a tropical storm over South Carolina on October 9. However, the storm emerged into the Atlantic early on the following day and soon re-strengthened into a hurricane. At 15:00 UTC on October 10, the system made landfall near Bellport, New York, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h), shortly before striking Connecticut and weakening to a tropical storm. Becoming extratropical over Maine late on October 10, the storm's remnants continued northeastward into Atlantic Canada before dissipating over Labrador on October 12. In the 2014 study by Chenoweth, he proposed a very similar track shown in HURDAT. However, the storm instead formed near the coast of Colombia on September 26 and initially moved very slowly northwestward. The hurricane dropped heavy rains over western Cuba, flooding towns such as Guara, Pinar del Río, San Cristóbal.https://www.newspapers.com/article/decatur-daily-republican/128079429/ 4 October 6, 1894 Heavy Rains and Floods in Cuba Decatur Daily Republican June 10, 2024 Decatur, Illinois Newspapers.com Storm surge impacted Louisiana and Mississippi, submerging land south of Pointe à la Hache in the former,https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-picayune/128103524/ Down The Coast The Daily Picayune October 9, 1894 July 12, 2023 2 New Orleans, Louisiana Newspapers.com while washing away a 1000 ft m on section of railroad and wrecking vessels on Horn Island in the latter.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-picayune/128105947/ Ocean Springs The Daily Picayune October 9, 1894 June 10, 2024 2 New Orleans, Louisiana Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-picayune/128106693/ Scranton The Daily Picayune October 9, 1894 June 10, 2024 2 New Orleans, Louisiana Newspapers.com Winds caused some damage, especially in Mississippi City, Mississippi, where several outbuildings and a church were destroyed.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-picayune/128105429/ Mississippi City The Daily Picayune October 9, 1894 June 10, 2024 2 New Orleans, Louisiana Newspapers.com In Florida, extensive impact occurred, with the Weather Bureau noting that "Every city and town between Jacksonville and Pensacola was damaged more or less. [...] This storm was the most violent one which has passed near Jacksonville during the past 23 years." Unpicked cotton, oranges, pecan, and sugarcane also suffered extensive losses across this section of the state.Barnes, Jay Florida's Hurricane History https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn registration 76 2007 University of North Carolina Press 978-0807858097 Seventeen people died in Florida, including two at Apalachicola and fifteen at Sand Island, near St. George Island, where three vessels were wrecked.October 12, 1894 The Daily News https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pensacola-news/128185108/ Echoes of the Storm 1 July 13, 2023 Pensacola, Florida Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/alexandria-gazette/128135328/ Damages By The Storm October 12, 1894 2 Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser July 13, 2023 Newspapers.com At least $100,000 in damage occurred in Florida.Climatological Data https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DBC26E27-8792-4F3F-AE46-F5B6E2949DF7.pdf Report of the Florida Weather Service for the Year 1894 1 Weather Bureau Jacksonville, Florida September 1895 June 10, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240610055823/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DBC26E27-8792-4F3F-AE46-F5B6E2949DF7.pdf June 10, 2024 The storm impacted much of the rest of the East Coast of the United States, especially New Jersey and New York. In the former, one person died in Englewood after a chimney fell inside a home.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k2tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3j4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1835%2C5123593 1 Killed in Her Bed Paterson Daily Press October 10, 1894 June 10, 2024 The New York City area suffered extensively, with Long Island City alone reporting about $100,000 in damage.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/142830955/ Great Loss of Property in Long Island City October 10, 1894 The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 12 June 10, 2024 Newspapers.com Winds generated by the storm toppled a seven-story building under construction onto a tenement, killing 10 people and seriously injuring 15 others.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k2tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3j4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1835%2C5123593 1 Death Dealing Storm Paterson Daily Press October 10, 1894 June 10, 2024 Hurricane Six Atl 1894 Atlantic hurricane 6 track.png October 11 October 20 115 931 Although atmospheric pressures began to fall near Trinidad on October 10, the presence of a cyclone could not be confirmed until the following day.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 25. Located approximately 215 mi km on 5 east of Trinidad, the tropical storm moved northwestward and strengthened into a hurricane late on October 11. During the following day, the storm passed near Barbados and then struck Saint Lucia at Category 2 intensity. The hurricane crossed through the western Virgin Islands early on October 14 before re-emerging into the Atlantic. Curving northward, the cyclone intensified significantly on October 16, with the ship Herschel observing a barometric pressure of 931 mbar inHg on.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 26. Consequently, the storm is estimated to have peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). On October 17, the system began weakening and turning to the northeast, passing southeast of Bermuda. The storm was last noted on October 20, with the track ending approximately 460 mi km on 5 southeast of Sable Island. Chenoweth proposed few significant changes from HURDAT, aside from a 12-hour tropical depression stage on October 11. Additionally, his study indicates that the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm on October 13, but re-intensified into a hurricane late on October 15. The hurricane severely damaged or destroyed 360 homes on Barbados, while several vessels went missing. As a result, one person died due to exposure and seventeen people remained unaccounted for one week after the storm.https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-croix-avis/148673920/ Survivors of the Gale 3 November 7, 1894 St. Croix Avis June 4, 2024 Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands Newspapers.com On St. Lucia, the Vieux Fort District reported extensive damage to property, including the destruction of a church and many factories. Cocoa and sugar crops were reportedly completely lost due to the fields being flooded, while landslides blocked numerous roads. Twelve deaths occurred on Saint Lucia, nine due to ships capsizing at Dennery and three others because of a landslide burying a home near Malgretoute.Cyclone tropical n° 6 1894 – Passage sur les Petites Antilles le 12 octobre: Éléments de compréhension proposés par l'Amicale des Ouragans 4 https://atlas.amicale-des-ouragans.org/1851_1949/dossiers/AL061894/1894_AL06_CR_ado.pdf Atlas des cyclones des Antilles françaises FR December 12, 2024 The storm produced sustained winds up to 40 mph (65 km/h) and barometric pressures as low as 997 mbar inHg on on Bermuda,https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/RawData/1894/1894_6.XLS 1894 Storm 6 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .XLS June 4, 2024 as well as rough seas. Hurricane Seven Atl 1894 Atlantic hurricane 7 track.png October 21 October 29 95 955 Based on observations and reanalysis by Fernández-Partagás and Diaz,Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 27. the track for this storm commenced about 265 mi km on 5 northeast of the Lesser Antilles on October 21. Moving generally west-northwestward, the tropical storm is estimated to have intensified into a hurricane two days later. After briefly stalling east of the Bahamas on October 25, the hurricane turned northeastward. The system then moved about 50 mi km 5 on northwest of Bermuda late the following day as a Category 2 hurricane. Slightly further strengthening occurred as the storm passed southeast and then east of Atlantic Canada. Early on October 29, the hurricane peaked with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 955 mbar inHg on, based on observations from the ship Maryland. Several hours later, however, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, which continued northeastward until dissipating west of Ireland on October 31. Chenoweth's study proposed few changes to this cyclone. Slight adjustments were proposed to the track and to the timing of intensification into a hurricane and extratropical transition, the latter of which occurred late on October 28. The storm produced winds as far west as the east coast of Florida, while Nassau, Bahamas, observed a barometric pressure slightly less than 1006 mbar inHg on off.Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 28. On Bermuda, sustained winds briefly reached 81 mph km/h on, toppling telephone poles and large, old trees. Recently planted crops sustained significant damage.https://www.weather.bm/tropicalArchiveDocuments/Summary%20And%20Miscellaneous/Tropical%20Climatology%20-%20Timeline%20_updated_17Aug2021.pdf Bermuda Weather Service Hurricanes - General Information for Bermuda August 17, 2021 Guishard, Mark Dodgson, James June 18, 20246 Additionally, abnormally high tides generated by the cyclone left at least one road nearly impassible. Other storms Chenoweth proposed two storms not currently listed in HURDAT. The first of the two developed on September 9 over the Gulf of Honduras. Moving northwestward, the system struck central British Honduras (present-day Belize) as a tropical storm before dissipating the next day over Guatemala. Later, Chenoweth's other proposed cyclone formed over the open Atlantic about 650 mi km on 5 northeast of the Lesser Antilles on November 30. The storm reached hurricane status as it tracked generally east-northeastward and later northeastward. Early on December 8, the system crossed the far eastern Azores shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. In the Azores, the storm partially demolished the breakwater in Ponta Delgada and substantially damaged a floating dock. A few vessels also suffered some degree of damage, with the loss of a brig.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-news-advertiser/161503984/ 1 December 12, 1894 Storms in the Azores The Weekly News-Advertiser Vancouver, British Columbia December 30, 2024 Newspapers.com Season effects This is a table of all of the known storms that have formed in the 1894 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, landfall, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1894 USD. center 1894 North Atlantic tropical cyclone center storm One June 6–9 40 (65) Unknown Jamaica, Cuba, Mexico Unknown None storm Two August 5–9 60 (95) Unknown Gulf Coast of the United States (Alabama) Unknown None cat3 Three August 30 – September 9 115 (185) 948 None Unknown 1 cat3 Four September 18 – October 1 120 (195) 975 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles (Dominican Republic and Cuba), East Coast of the United States (Florida) $5.09 million 227https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-shore-press/127936100/ 7 Cuban Towns Flooded October 5, 1894 The Shore Press Asbury Park, New Jersey January 31, 2025 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38277584/the_sentinel/ Storm Damage South The Sentinel September 29, 1894 1 January 31, 2025 Carlisle, Pennsylvania Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/126862902/ Foam Capped October 1, 1894 The Boston Globe 2 June 21, 2023 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/126862902/ Schooner Ashore on Cape Roman [sic] October 1, 1894 The Boston Globe 2 January 31, 2025 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-croix-avis/127938740/ Telegrams - St. Croix Station September 22, 1894 St. Croix Avis 2 January 31, 2025 Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands Newspapers.com https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml? The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996 National Hurricane Center Rappaport, Edward N. Fernández-Partagás, José Beven, Jack April 22, 1997 November 1, 2019Fernández-Partagás (1996), p. 14. cat3 Five October 1–10 120 (195) 955 Cuba, Gulf Coast of the United States (Florida) >$200,000 28 cat4 Six October 11–20 130 (215) 931 Lesser Antilles (Saint Lucia), Bermuda Unknown 13 cat2 Seven October 21–29 110 (175) 955 Bahamas, Florida, Bermuda Unknown None 7 June 12 – October 29 130 (215) 948 >$5.29 million 269 See also Tropical cyclones Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project Tropical cyclone observation Notes nb References General National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1996 Fernández-Partagás, José Diaz, Henry F. A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources: Year 1894 December 11, 2024 https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/1894-1897/1894.pdf Fernández-Partagás External links Monthly Weather Review Unisys 1894 season tracks 1890 Atlantic hurricane 1894 Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:1894 natural disasters Category:Meteorological events in 1894