1994 Sabah state election

State election in Sabah, Malaysia Sabah legislative 1990 Sabah state election 1990 List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990-95)#Sabah 1999 Sabah state election 1999 List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995-99)#Sabah All 48 seats in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly 25 18–19 February 1994 130x130px File:Penampang Sabah Joseph-Pairin-Kitingan-02.jpg Joseph Pairin Kitingan 1985 Tambunan PBS Gagasan Rakyat 34 seats 9 25 File:Semporna Sabah Tun-Sakaran-Dandai-01.jpg Sakaran Dandai 1993 Sulabayan UMNO Barisan Nasional 000080 New party 23 23The count includes seats won by UMNO, SAPP and LDP, the component parties of BN. Chief Minister Joseph Pairin Kitingan GR-PBS Joseph Pairin Kitingan GR-PBS The 1994 Sabah state election was held between Friday, 18 February and Saturday, 19 February 1994. Nomination day was 7 February 1994. The election was one of the most controversial election in Sabah's political history. The election was won by the incumbent ruling party (although the opposition at federal level) Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), winning 25 seats against 23 won by the federal government's ruling Barisan Nasional coalition.Victory by a whisker https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-TpOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1xMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2800%2C2865657 1 January 2023 news.google.com 20 February 1994 1 Background The Assembly were dissolved by Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah Said Keruak on advice from Chief Minister Joseph Pairin Kitingan on 9 January 1994, 16 months before the Assembly term of 5 years expire, paving the way to a snap election.Bingkasan Joseph Bangkuai Joniston Sabah dissolves Assembly https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X-BOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0BMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2299%2C2340 news.google.com 8 July 2024 10 January 1994 PBS has ruled Sabah for almost 9 years since winning the 1985 Sabah state election, winning 3 state elections including 1985, and also were in Barisan Nasional from 1986 until exiting the BN in 1990 and joined opposition pact Gagasan Rakyat with DAP. Contesting parties Before the election, PBS had already produced 2 splinters, SAPP (which were only formed 3 weeks before on 21 January, and contesting for the first time) and AKAR (formed in 1989, and have contested in 1990 state and federal elections), both which had contested under BN banner. LDP would also contest under BN. This was the first Sabah state election to feature peninsula-based party United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). UMNO Sabah was born of the merger between United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) and Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) in 1991, as a party to counter PBS influence in Sabah. Other parties contesting included SETIA, BERSEKUTU, DAP (a partner of PBS in Gagasan Rakyat but is contesting in 2 seats against PBS), PAS and independent candidates. SETIA however, through its president Suhaidin Langkap on the eve of the election announced all 14 of its candidates withdrawal from contesting and changing their support for BN, although the candidates name were still on the ballot list.Parti Setia's candidate Kiwon wages lonely war as colleagues abandon field https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19940219&printsec=frontpage&hl=en news.google.com New Straits Times 11 July 2024 5 19 February 1994 Candidates No.State ConstituencyIncumbent MemberPolitical coalitions and respective candidates and coalitionsUnited Sabah Party (PBS)Barisan Nasional (BN)SETIAOthersCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyN01BanggiAmir Kahar MustaphaAmir Kahar MustaphaUSNOAbd Mijul UnainiUMNOSaraban LahamanSETIAAbidula AmsanaINDNapson TahirBERSEKUTUN02KudatWong Phin ChungWong Phin ChungPBSKong Hong MingLDPChin Ket PhinSETIATaulani JalaluddinINDMohd Hairul EbukBERSEKUTUN03BengkokaPaul Tom ImbayanPaul Tom ImbayanPBSMasrani ParmanUMNON04MatunggongMathius MajihiMarkus MajihiPBSJelani HamdanUMNOHenry MadatangINDApin SantiINDN05TandekSaibul SupuSaibul SupuPBSSaidi SuariUMNON06LangkonBugie GaladamMaximus OngkiliPBSNewman GabanUMNOLinggu Lincoln LuwingINDN07TempasukRobert Ripin MinggirDausin PangalinPBSPandikar Amin MuliaAKARSuwah BulehINDN08UsukanMustapha HarunBadaruddin MustaphaPBSSalleh Said KeruakUMNOSemat Abdul KarimSETIASalisi UkohINDN09KadamaianBanggai BasirunBanggai BasirunPBSAwadnir MatanggalUMNOHandry RumpitINDMeisen SendelunINDSindeh TelibanINDN10TamparuliWilfred BumburingWilfred BumburingPBSRaji MandailiAKARJunaidi HamdanINDN11SulamanHajiji NoorMatbeh IsmailPBSHajiji NoorUMNOMargaret Fararena Mohd. KimonSETIAPengiran Othman RaufINDN12KiuluGisin LombutGisin LombutPBSSulah RampasAKARN13KundasangEwon EbinEwon EbinPBSKasitah GaddamUMNON14RanauSiringan GubatSiringan GubatPBSMark KodingAKARN15SugutJublee ZenJublee ZenPBSSurady KayongUMNON16LabukTan Yung Hi @ Tan Yong GeeTan Yung Hi @ Tan Yong GeePBSAhmad Thamrin Mohd JainiUMNODenis Tweening RantauINDN17Sungai SibugaThien Fui YunThien Fui YunPBSMusa AmanUMNOSatiman TauranSETIAHamid JanBERSEKUTUN18ElopuraTham Nyip ShenEdmund Chong Ket FahPBSTham Nyip ShenSAPPAng Lian HaiDAPN19Tanjong PapatTan Kit SherLai Lun TzeePBSRaymond Tan Shu KiahSAPPFung Ket WingDAPN20KaramuntingLau Pui KeongLau Pui KeongPBSNg Ket HennSAPPN21SekongPitting Mohd AliPitting Mohd AliUSNONahalan DamsalUMNON22SukauAklee AbassZaki GusmiahPBSAklee AbassUMNOAli AyauSETIAN23KuamutJoseph Sitin SaangJoseph Sitin SaangPBSBung Moktar RadinUMNOAli Latip TahaINDN24TambunanJoseph Pairin KitinganJoseph Pairin KitinganPBSMartin YongAKARJouti AjunINDN25BingkorLawrence GimbangJeffrey KitinganPBSInjon Reynold SedomonAKARAyub AmanINDN26MoyogBernard Giluk DompokBernard Giluk DompokPBSEdwin RichardAKARInus MolukonSETIAClarence Dicsenol Bongkos MalakunINDLoh Chien ChengINDN27InanamStephen Kinson Kutai @ Joni BilinganStephen Kinson Kutai @ Joni BilinganPBSWong Kau Chai SindinSAPPSalim AdimSETIAN28LikasYong Teck LeeYee Moh ChaiPBSYong Teck LeeSAPPN29Api-ApiChau Tet OnChau Tet OnPBSTerence Chong Nyim FattSAPPN30SembulanPeter Chong On TetChau Chin TangPBSChong Eng LeongLDPJohn Chin Fook FaatSETIAThien Yun FahINDN31PetagasJames LigunjangJames LigunjangPBSYahya HussinUMNOJames Andrew VitalesINDN32KawangAriah Tengku AhmadAriah Tengku AhmadPBSOsu SukamUMNONorbert Chin Chuan SiongINDJohn DagulINDDurig SumpangINDN33Buang SayangCladius Sundang AlexCladius Sundang AlexPBSAbdul Rahim IsmailUMNOJuali AhmadSETIAN34BongawanKarim BujangNarawi AhmadPBSKarim BujangUMNOAjmain Abdul GaniINDN35Kuala PenyuWences AnggangWences AnggangPBSMohd Zahari ZininUMNOIsmail SallehINDN36KliasLajim UkinLajim UkinPBSAnifah AmanUMNON37LumadanDayang Mahani Pengiran Ahmad RaffaeSadih NasahPBSDayang Mahani Pengiran Ahmad RaffaeUMNON38SipitangJamilah SulaimanJamilah SulaimanPBSSapawi Amat WasaliUMNON39TenomKadoh AgundongKadoh AgundongPBSWong Yit MingLDPLawrence Hassim RikiSETIALimun LaikimINDJinuin JiminINDN40KemabongEsar AndamasRubin BalangPBSBobbey Ah Fang SuanUMNOLim AntukaSETIAN41SookJoseph KurupJoseph KurupPBSTaimin LumaingUMNON42NabawanAdut Sigoh @ Joe Said BesarAdut Sigoh @ Joe Said BesarPBSAhuar RasamUMNON43MerotaiMohd Said SenangMohd Said SenangUSNOAbdul Ghapur SallehUMNOHamud SallehSETIAMohamad TingkaPASN44Sri TanjongMichael Lim Sun YangMichael Lim Sun YangPBSGeoffrey Yee Lung FookSAPPArmanus ArshadPASN45Lahad DatuAskalanai Abdul RahimAskalanai Abdul RahimUSNOMohamad Yusof Amat JamleeUMNOBenjamin UsmanBERSEKUTUIsmail OT AtorINDN46KunakSalim BachuSalim BachuUSNOUnding LanaUMNOSarip WahirunBERSEKUTUNilwan KabangINDN47BalungIsmail JookSari SuhutPBSAbdul Mannan JakasaUMNOLung Wing SangSETIAAhmad AwangPASIsmail JumaINDN48SulabayanNasir SakaranAbdillah Abdul HamidPBSSakaran DandaiUMNOAbdul Rajin Mandul HatiBERSEKUTUKiling OT TiringIND Reference:ElectionData.MY SE-08 (Sabah) https://electiondata.my/elections/sbh/SE-08 2026-07-26 ElectionData.MY en-GB Results Source:HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS/1994-SABAH-STATE-ELECTIONS/1994_SABAH_DUN_RESULTS.csv at main · TindakMalaysia/HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS https://github.com/TindakMalaysia/HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS/blob/main/1994-SABAH-STATE-ELECTIONS/1994_SABAH_DUN_RESULTS.csv 2025-02-25 GitHub en United Sabah Party (PBS) 215952 25 –9 Barisan Nasional (BN) 5 United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) 137749 18 New Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) 36986 3 New Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 11555 1 +1 People's Justice Front (AKAR) 15084 1 +1 201374 23 +23 United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA) 846 0 New Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU) 1121 0 New Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) 440 0 New Democratic Action Party (DAP) 2153 0 0 Independents 12912 0 0 7341 0 598305 Aftermath As per stated above, PBS won the election by a tight margin. PBS president Joseph Pairin Kitingan was sworn in as chief minister of Sabah, his fourth time, on 21 February 1994, together with the state EXCO members.Joniston Bangkuai Pairin sworn in as CM https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19940222&printsec=frontpage&hl=en 2 January 2023 22 February 1994 1 However, less than a month later, as a result of defections by elected PBS assemblymen to BN, Pairin was forced to resign on 17 March 1994,http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/party/background.html Historical Background 2013-05-22 https://archive.today/20130415190007/http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/party/background.html 2013-04-15 dead Kalimullah Hassan The only honourable thing to do https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19940318-1.2.32.3 2 January 2023 The Straits Times eresources.nlb.gov.sg 18 April 1994 21 and PBS was forced out of power, resulting in BN forming government in Sabah.New Straits Times http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Columns/2086779/Article/index_html Kalimullah Hassan OPINION: Reforms yes, but not through violence in the streets 18 January 2008 18 November 2007 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20071221225545/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Columns/2086779/Article/index_html 21 December 2007 Sakaran Dandai, leader of UMNO and BN in Sabah, was sworn in as the new Chief Minister on the same day.Kalimullah Hassan New Sabah leader sworn in https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19940318-1.2.4 2 January 2023 The Straits Times eresources.nlb.gov.sg 18 April 1994 1 Bernard Dompok, the former PBS vice-president, formed Parti Demokratik Sabah (PDS) with 18 assemblymen (PDS later changed name to UPKO). Joseph Kurup left PBS and formed Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS). Jeffery Kitingan, Pairin's brother, also left PBS and joined Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat (AKAR). All of these parties stated their support to BN, and later joined BN. As a result of these defections, PBS was left with 5 seats. The outcome of this election and the defections resulted in the term katak being coined in, the literal meaning of which is "frog", due to the actions of PBS members "jumping" to another political party.Ung Ho Chin Regime change and regime maintenance in Asia and Pacific - Discussion paper No 24 - "Kataks", Kadazan-Dusun nationalism and development: The 1999 Sabah state election 1999 The Department of Political and Social Change - Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Australia 15 http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resources-links/PSC_Regime_WP_24.pdf 10 May 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180510203005/http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resources-links/PSC_Regime_WP_24.pdf 10 May 2018 The more prominent Kataks prior to the elections are listed below CM rotation system Chief Minister of Sabah#Rotation system: 1994–2004 After BN regains power in Sabah, it introduced Chief Minister rotation system between Muslim bumiputera, Non-Muslim bumiputera, and Chinese leaders for two year tenure each. This was one of the promises of BN during the election campaign. Sakaran only become CM for less than one year before resigning and accepting the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah role on 1 January 1995; Salleh Said Keruak replaced him.Bangkuai Joniston Salleh sworn in as new Sabah Chief Minister https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=USJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nBMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5158%2C2899728 29 April 2025 New Straits Times 28 December 1994 1 Yong Teck Lee of SAPP then becomes CM from 1996 to 1998, before Bernard Dompok took the CM role from 1998 to 1999, when the Sabah Assembly was dissolved to make way for the state election on February that year. See also 2009 Perak constitutional crisis Further reading James Chin. Sabah State Election of 1994: End of Kadazan Unity, Asian Survey, Vol. 34, No. 10, 1994, pp. 904–915 References Category:1994 elections in Malaysia 1994