1 Broadway

Office building in Manhattan, New York the Miami skyscraper One Broadway (Miami) February 2020 International Mercantile Marine Company Building nrhp 1 Broadway (55313999313).jpg 250 (2026) 1 Broadway, Manhattan, New York, U.S. yes 40 42 17 N 74 00 52 W region:US-NY_type:landmark inline,title yes yes center 250 250 14 shape #f44 Q282931 International Mercantile Marine Co. Bldg. 1919 Chambers, Walter B. Classical Revival March 2, 1991 less than one acre 910001082009a indcp Wall Street Historic District 07000063https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75320043 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Wall Street Historic District Howe Kathy Robins Anthony August 3, 2006 National Register of Historic Places July 7, 2024 National Archives July 8, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183452/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75320043 live February 20, 2007 yes New York State Register of Historic Places January 4, 1983Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS) New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation November 7, 2014 https://cris.parks.ny.gov/ July 20, 2023 April 4, 2019 http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20190404141934/https://cris.parks.ny.gov/ live 06101.006988 New York City Landmark September 19, 1995 1926 1 Broadway (formerly known as the International Mercantile Marine Company Building, the United States Lines Building, and the Washington Building) is a 12-story office building in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It is located at the intersection of Battery Place and Broadway, adjacent to Bowling Green to the east and the Battery to the south. 1 Broadway was built in 1882 as the Queen Anne-style Washington Building on the site of the former Washington Hotel. The building was acquired by the International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM) in 1919 to serve as its corporate headquarters and extensively altered to its present Neoclassical style. It was the headquarters of IMM and its successor company United States Lines until 1979, when the firm relocated to Cranford, New Jersey. The structure continued to host office tenants as well as a bank. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on March 2, 1991, and was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1995. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007. Site The International Mercantile Marine Company Building is in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by Battery Place and the Battery to the south, Broadway and Bowling Green to the east, Greenwich Street to the west, and the Bowling Green Offices Building (11 Broadway) to the north. Its alternate addresses are 1 Battery Place and 1-3 Greenwich Street. The structure occupies a lot with frontages of 171.75 ft 0 on Battery Place, 104 ft 0 on Greenwich Street, and 100 ft 0 on Broadway.April 27, 1899 The Washington Building https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_003_17.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 43 583 columbia.edu 1102 February 12, 2020 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193820/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_003_17.pdf live The site overlooks the New York Harbor to the south,Leadon Fran https://books.google.com/books?id=QzMsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT20 Broadway: A History of New York City in Thirteen Miles W. W. Norton 2018 978-0-393-28545-1 20 February 11, 2020 and its Battery Place facade is adjacent to two entrances for the New York City Subway's Bowling Green station.https://new.mta.info/document/2461 MTA Neighborhood Maps: Bowling Green (4)(5) 2018 mta.info Metropolitan Transportation Authority September 13, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20200129194947/https://new.mta.info/document/2461 January 29, 2020 live Architecture The building was initially designed by Edward H. Kendall as a Queen Anne style building. The current neoclassical style facade was designed by Walter B. Chambers.National Park Service 1991 . 2 Form 1 Broadway is a 12-story building.In this article, the ground floor is the "1st floor" and the floor above ground level is referred to as the "2nd floor". All subsequent stories are referred to using this same pattern. The ground story is sometimes counted as two floors because of its double-height ceiling.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 6The Landmarks Preservation Commission refers to the floor above the ground story as the "third story", considering the ground floor as two floors, and thus considers 1 Broadway to be 13 stories tall. The National Park Service refers to the floor above ground level as the "second story", considering the ground floor as a single story with a double-height ceiling. This also does not include the two-story structures above the roof level. It was erected as the 9- or 10-story Washington Building. The structure was later expanded to 14 stories, a count that included the mansard roof. The mansard roof still remains on the building and counts as the 13th story, while an attic above the mansard counts as the 14th story.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 5 The building is slightly U-shaped, surrounding a shallow light court to the north, which connects with 11 Broadway's much deeper light court. Facade The building has side entrances facing Battery Park which are labeled "First Class" and "Cabin Class". The facade of the ground through 12th stories is composed of buff-colored Indiana Limestone,August 19, 1922 Landmark Remodeled as Headquarters for Shipping Firm https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_070_35.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 110 233 columbia.edu 2840 February 12, 2020 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193747/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_070_35.pdf live which replaced the original cladding of red Milwaukee brick and sandstone.https://www.nytimes.com/1881/11/17/archives/mr-fields-new-building-plans-for-the-offices-to-be-erected-on.html Mr. Field's New Building.; Plans for the Offices to Be Erected on Battery-Place. November 17, 1881 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193751/https://www.nytimes.com/1881/11/17/archives/mr-fields-new-building-plans-for-the-offices-to-be-erected-on.html February 12, 2020 live Though the spandrels of the windows are of green marble, and the water table below the first story is faced with granite. The southwestern and southeastern corners of the building, facing Battery Park, are chamfered and formerly contained entrance doorways at the base. The ground-level windows are arched double-height openings with multi-paneled sash windows, topped by half-domed awnings. On Broadway, there are five vertical bays. At ground level, the center bay contains the main entrance archway; it includes carved reliefs of Mercury (god of travel) and Neptune (god of the sea) in its spandrels, and it contains a pediment with an eagle carving at its top. The two northernmost ground-level bays on Broadway are less ornate entrance archways, while the southernmost bays are window openings. On Battery Place, there are nine bays. At ground level, the second-to-last bays on either side contain entrances: the eastern entrance was for first-class passengers, and the western entrance was for cabin-class passengers. On Greenwich Street, there are six bays; all are double-height windows, except for the northernmost bay, which includes doors and a staircase to the building's elevator hall. The basement windows are visible at the bottom of the facade, and a staircase led to the third-class passengers' entrance in the basement. thumb|Second story facade, depicting mosaic shields alternating with windows An entablature runs along the facade between the 1st and 2nd floors. Between the windows on the second floor are alternating mosaic shields of renowned port cities. On the 3rd through 7th floors, each bay contains a pair of sash windows. The spandrel panels above each pair of windows are made of yellow marble, and the spandrels above the 4th story contain roundels as well. The chamfered corners each contain a single sash window per floor. The facades of the 8th and 9th floors comprise an arcade with one arched window in each bay, while the 10th story contains a pair of sash windows in each bay. At either chamfered corner, the 8th and 10th floors have a rectangular sash window, and the 9th floor has a rose window. The 11th and 12th stories comprise the copper mansard roof; the 11th floor is set back slightly and surrounded by a balustrade. Above the roof are three 1- and 2-story mechanical towers. Booking room The first-floor booking room is 160 ft long by 40 ft wide, running parallel to Battery Place, and has a ceiling 25 ft tall. Its floor was made of marble, later covered with linoleum. Inside, a compass rose was prominently depicted in the floor, and two enormous murals depicted shipping lanes. The former booking room was modeled on an 18th-century ballroom, with columns and elaborate railings at either end, along with four imposing chandeliers and marble walls. This space was later converted to a Citibank branch.http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/number-one-broadway Number One, Broadway Atlas Obscura en February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212200333/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/number-one-broadway February 12, 2020 live To the north is the building's original lobby, which stretches across the width of the building, and also contains marble floors and walls. The lobby contains access to a bank of elevators as well as an emergency staircase.National Park Service 1991 . 3 History Early site usage In the 17th century, two taverns operated at the site of what is now 1 Broadway.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 2 One of these was the "Knocks Tavern", built around 1649 by Dutch military officer Peter Knockshttp://www.revolutionarywarjournal.com/washingtons-headquarters/ Washington's New York City Headquarters – No. 1 Broadway Schenawolf Harry July 9, 2013 Revolutionary War Journal February 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20191028102826/http://www.revolutionarywarjournal.com/washingtons-headquarters/ October 28, 2019 live1921 Number One Broadway—The Home Port of the International Mercantile Marine Company https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev1821paci#page/n901/mode/1up Pacific Marine Review 18 901 Internet Archive March 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162727/https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev1821paci#page/n901/mode/1up March 10, 2016 live (alternatively Peter Cockhttps://archive.org/stream/oldtavernsofnewy00bayl#page/10/mode/2up Old taverns of New York Herndon James B. Jr 1915 11 Internet Archive February 8, 2020). This was likely the first permanent building at 1 Broadway. Additionally, there was a "market stand" on the site in 1656.https://archive.org/details/kingshandbookofn00king_0/page/540/mode/2up King's Handbook of New York City Moses King 1893 King Moses 2nd Boston 820 Dutch settler William Isaacsen Vredenburgh lived at the site until 1673, when the building was scheduled to be demolished because it interfered with Fort Amsterdam's defenses. From 1678 to 1685, the property was owned by David Ackerman, a Dutchman who was subsequently one of New Jersey's earliest settlers.Founders of New Jersey: Brief Biographies by Descendants Descendants of Founders of New Jersey 2006 978-1-4116-9677-8 https://books.google.com/books?id=826TKDKFiwcC&pg=PA1 1Will of David Ackerman apps.olin.wustl.edu http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/mcleanparks/bearswamp/DavidAckerman.htm March 4, 2021 August 22, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150822051430/http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/mcleanparks/bearswamp/DavidAckerman.htm live thumb|Number One Broadway. This building was the headquarters of the British Commander-in-Chief during the Revolution. The lot was sold in 1745 to Royal Navy captain Archibald Kennedy.Lamb M.J. https://books.google.com/books?id=4JvSsT6J6qoC&pg=PR7 History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise, and Progress Harrison B. Cosimo Classics 2005 978-1-59605-284-0 Cosimo classics history 7 February 8, 2020 v. 2 September 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200916092258/https://books.google.com/books?id=4JvSsT6J6qoC&pg=PR7 liveOne unnamed historian claimed that the house was built and occupied by Royal Navy officer Peter Warren, but other contemporary sources dispute this.Janvier T.A. https://books.google.com/books?id=nlt2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 In Old New York Dover Publications 2015 978-0-486-79126-5 Dover Books on Americana 106 February 8, 2020Alden H.M. https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm07AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA344 Harper's New Monthly Magazine Harper & Brothers 1893 344 February 8, 2020 v. 87 October 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201004003016/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm07AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA344 live Around 1760Norton A. https://books.google.com/books?id=qVwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22 Norton's handbook of New York City A. Norton 1859 22 February 8, 2020City History Club of New York https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_v4cGmMe6_okC Historical Guide to the City of New York Kelly F.B. F. A. Stokes Company 1909 15 February 8, 2020 or 1768,National Park Service 1991 . 4 Kennedy's house was erected at the site, "fashioned [...] after the most approved English model". The house was a symmetrical two-story mansion with materials imported from the Netherlands; its features included two stone string courses and a slightly projecting center portion with a Palladian window.https://www.nytimes.com/1896/07/05/archives/changes-in-broadway-big-buildings-from-the-battery-to-fortysecond.html Changes in Broadway; Big Buildings From the Battery to Forty-second Street July 5, 1896 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193740/https://www.nytimes.com/1896/07/05/archives/changes-in-broadway-big-buildings-from-the-battery-to-fortysecond.html February 12, 2020 live There was a parlor 50 ft long and a connection to the adjacent house at 3 Broadway. Kennedy occupied the house until 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, when he fled to New Jersey. The Kennedy house then served briefly as headquarters for Continental Army generals Henry Lee III and Israel Putnam, and possibly served as headquarters for General George Washington,Lamb Martha J. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015053107838?urlappend=%3Bseq=322 History of the city of New York: its origin, rise, and progress December 12, 2008 v.2 February 8, 2020 HathiTrust 66, 96 2027/mdp.39015053107838?urlappend=%3Bseq=322Shepard Richard F. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/04/archives/new-york-in-summer-of-1776-a-vulnerable-city-preparing-for-attack.html New York in Summer of 1776, a Vulnerable City Preparing for Attack by the Redcoats July 4, 1976 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193743/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/04/archives/new-york-in-summer-of-1776-a-vulnerable-city-preparing-for-attack.html February 12, 2020 liveAccording to one source, Washington only used the house for five days, between April 13–17, 1776, while his more permanent headquarters at Richmond Hill was being completed. However, another source stated that Washington never used the house. as well as by high-ranking generals of the British army.The Commander-in-Chief, America, Sir Henry Clinton, occupied Number One Broadway as his headquarters, and in 1782-3 Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) also occupied Number One.https://books.google.com/books?id=K0p6rn-vsPgC&dq=Kennedy+House,+Washington,+Guy+Carleton&pg=PA96 Shenstone, Susan Burgess (2000) So Obstinately Loyal: James Moody, 1744-1809. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 96 978-0-7735-2416-3 February 1, 2022 May 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014808/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/So_Obstinately_Loyal/K0p6rn-vsPgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kennedy+House%2C+Washington%2C+Guy+Carleton&pg=PA96&printsec=frontcover live Shenstone Susan Burgess June 3, 2001 McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP Lossing, Benson John (1852) The Pictorial field-book of the revolution; or, illustrations, by pen and pencil ... Harper & Brothers, Publisher, New York. Vol. II footnote 1 on p. 835 Following the war's conclusion, the structure was restored to its original condition. It was then occupied by banker Nathaniel Prime, possibly either between 1810 and 1831,https://books.google.com/books?id=uuU6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA268 Annual Report 1908 268 February 8, 2020 or through the 1840s. The structure then became the Washington Hotel, which opened in 1854, although one source says that the house was used for entertainment as early as 1794. Sometime in the mid-19th century, the building was expanded: a drawing in the 1859 Norton's Handbook of New York City shows the hotel as being four stories tall. Adjoining the hotel was the residence of John Watts, built in 1750 on the site of the current IMM Building. It was connected to the Washington Hotel by a temporary bridge that was installed whenever the Watts family held large events. Washington Building thumb|upright|Seen 1890, before renovation In mid-1881, Cyrus West Field paid $167,500 for the Washington Hotel and $70,000 for Caroline W. Astor's adjoining house at Battery Place and Greenwich Street.https://archive.org/details/americanhistori00browgoog The American Historical Register Historical Register Publishing Company 1895 American periodical series, 1850–1900 1506 February 8, 2020 v. 2https://archive.org/stream/5147521.0001.001.umich.edu/5147521.0001.001.umich.edu_djvu.txt A History of real estate, building, and architecture in New York City during the last quarter of a century 1898 Real Estate Record Association Internet Archive February 8, 2020 The hotel's furnishings were sold that December.https://www.nytimes.com/1881/12/16/archives/the-old-washington-hotel.html The Old Washington Hotel. December 16, 1881 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193740/https://www.nytimes.com/1881/12/16/archives/the-old-washington-hotel.html February 12, 2020 live The prior month, in November 1881, Field had announced that he would host a competition among six of the city's most reputable architects to design the Washington Building, a commercial building, on the hotel site. The winning architect would be paid $5,500,This consisted of a $5,000 award for having won the competition, and another $500 in exchange for giving the design to Field. and the other architects would be paid $500 each for submitting a design. Edward H. Kendall won the commission and prepared plans for a Queen Anne style building on the site.Wolfe, Gerard R., New York: A Guide to the Metropolis: Walking Tours of Architecture and History", revised edition, 1983, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 0-07-071396-0 The Washington Building Company was set up in June 1882,June 3, 1882 Out Among the Builders https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031128_029_22.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 29 553 columbia.edu 742 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193742/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031128_029_22.pdf February 12, 2020 live upon which title was transferred to said corporation.https://www.nytimes.com/1882/06/02/archives/important-real-estate-transfers.html Important Real Estate Transfers. June 2, 1882 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193738/https://www.nytimes.com/1882/06/02/archives/important-real-estate-transfers.html February 12, 2020 live The structure was erected by W.H. Hazzard & Son and was completed in 1884 at a final cost of $900,000.Gray Christopher https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/26/realestate/streetscapes-1-broadway-a-1922-facade-that-hides-another-from-the-1880-s.html Streetscapes/1 Broadway; A 1922 Facade That Hides Another From the 1880s March 26, 1995 The New York Times February 11, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193741/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/26/realestate/streetscapes-1-broadway-a-1922-facade-that-hides-another-from-the-1880-s.html February 12, 2020 live The Washington Building was often referred to as the Field Building, after its developer. The Washington Building was originally a 9- or 10-story structure rising 150 ft, covering 17000 ft2. The building was faced with red brick and sandstone, and the main entrance was through Battery Place to the south. The corners contained five-story-high columns of overhanging oriel windows.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 3 The structure was C-shaped, surrounding an interior courtyard on its north side. It initially contained four elevators, but two more were added in the 1890s. As originally designed, there were to be 17 offices on each floor between the third and ninth floors, and there were "about 860 windows and 358 rooms" in total. Tenants included the Statue of Liberty construction committee,https://www.nytimes.com/1884/08/03/archives/ceremonies-on-bedloes-island.html Ceremonies on Bedloe's Island. August 3, 1884 The New York Times February 11, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193749/https://www.nytimes.com/1884/08/03/archives/ceremonies-on-bedloes-island.html February 12, 2020 live the Manhattan Hay and Produce Exchange,https://www.nytimes.com/1884/02/17/archives/exchange-seats-sold-at-auction.html Exchange Seats Sold at Auction. February 17, 1884 The New York Times February 11, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193745/https://www.nytimes.com/1884/02/17/archives/exchange-seats-sold-at-auction.html February 12, 2020 livehttps://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031138_003_15.pdf Satisfied Judgments March 27, 1886 The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 373 columbia.edu 941 407 February 14, 2020 September 1, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200901083300/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031138_003_15.pdf live the Postal Telegraph-Cable Company, and the United-States National Bank. The structure was topped by a circular tower on the Battery side and a rectangular tower on the Broadway side. Kendall designed additional stories to the Washington Building in 1885,July 18, 1885 Out Among the Builders https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031138_002_3.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 36 813 columbia.edu 905 February 12, 2020 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193741/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031138_002_3.pdf live but sources disagree as to how this was undertaken. According to Fran Leadon, a two-story addition was built shortly after the Washington Building's completion, and another two-story expansion was added in 1886–1887. However, Christopher Gray of The New York Times mentions a single 4-story addition that was completed by 1887. Either way, following the expansion, the top story consisted of a mansard roof containing protruding dormers on its south face. After the expansions, the building was 258 ft m tall. Gray and a contemporary Real Estate Record article characterized the Washington Building as being 14 stories, but Moses King's 1893 Handbook of New York City and an 1896 Times article described the building as being 13 stories.Other sources describe the building as being two stories shorter. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission said in 1995 that the structure was 12 stories when completed, and a Real Estate Record and Guide article in 1908 characterized the Washington Building as a 11-story building. The Washington Building Company hired Harry E. Donnell in 1908 to perform unspecified "internal improvements" on the structure.January 11, 1908 Contracts Awarded https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_041_3.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 81 85 columbia.edu 2078 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193801/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_041_3.pdf February 12, 2020 live IMM renovation alt=|thumb|Seen from Battery Place; the Bowling Green Offices Building is located at left, and 2 Broadway can be seen at far right The International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM) was looking for a new headquarters by the early 20th century. The company had been founded by the financier J. P. Morgan in 1902 through the merger of numerous smaller companies.Navin Thomas R. Sears Marian V. December 1954 A Study in Merger: Formation of the International Mercantile Marine Company https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007680500025678/type/journal_article Business History Review en 28 4 291–328 10.2307/3111799 3111799 154857498 0007-6805 February 12, 2020 May 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014812/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-history-review/article/abs/study-in-merger-formation-of-the-international-mercantile-marine-company/BD7C64308DBB4041B4041A8C3DF5A4BE live subscriptionhttps://www.nytimes.com/1902/10/02/archives/combination-of-six-steamship-companies-international-corporation-to.html Combination of Six Steamship Companies; International Corporation to Have a Capital of $120,000,000. October 2, 1902 The New York Times February 11, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193741/https://www.nytimes.com/1902/10/02/archives/combination-of-six-steamship-companies-international-corporation-to.html February 12, 2020 live Because of its large size and abundant competition in the steamship industry, its operations ran with a "thin margin of safety".Saliers Earl A. 1915 Some Financial Aspects of the International Mercantile Marine Company Journal of Political Economy 23 9 910–925 10.1086/252721 1819142 153652690 0022-3808 IMM's finances were negatively affected after the 1912 sinking of the Titanic, operated by its subsidiary White Star Line, but the company made significant profits from freight traffic during and after World War I. Its first office in New York City, located at the adjacent Bowling Green Offices Building, was first mentioned in its 1918 annual report. IMM bought the Washington Building in 1919 for $3 million.November 29, 1919 Buys 1 Broadway https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_064_45.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 104 540 columbia.edu 22 February 12, 2020 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212195104/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_064_45.pdf live Due to a dearth of available office space in the neighborhood, IMM decided against constructing an entirely new structure. Instead, that November, IMM announced plans to renovate the existing structure.https://www.nytimes.com/1919/11/30/archives/international-mercantile-marine-co-to-remodel-washington-building.html International Mercantile Marine Co. to Remodel Washington Building November 30, 1919 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193748/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/11/30/archives/international-mercantile-marine-co-to-remodel-washington-building.html February 12, 2020 live Walter B. Chambers designed the Washington Building's renovation. The dormers and oriels were removed; the roof was rebuilt; the facade was clad in a mixture of granite, marble, and limestone; and maritime-themed details were placed on the facade of 1 Broadway. In addition, the ground floor was redesigned to accommodate IMM's booking office. The renovation was performed in phases to minimize disruption to existing tenants, who were moved between offices as work proceeded. The process occurred "without the slightest accident" despite the engineering complexities of the project. The renovation was completed by 1921;https://www.nytimes.com/1921/09/25/archives/new-home-for-international-mercantile-marine-company.html New Home for International Mercantile Marine Company September 25, 1921 The New York Times February 8, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193738/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/09/25/archives/new-home-for-international-mercantile-marine-company.html February 12, 2020 live that year, the Downtown League gave 1 Broadway a "best-altered building" award. The structure initially contained the booking office and New York City headquarters of the IMM. The ground floor had the first-and-second-class booking offices, waiting room, and lobby, while the basement contained the steerage booking office and storage rooms. The second floor housed the IMM's construction department; the third and fourth floor, general offices; and the fifth floor, a board room and executive offices. Other tenants rented out the seven upper floors. The IMM competed with the Cunard Line, which had erected its own nearby building in a similar way two years before. The Cunard, Bowling Green, and International Mercantile Marine Company buildings and several others on the southernmost section on Broadway, formed a "steamship row". Later use thumb|Chamfered corner at Battery Place and Broadway Both the public and the federal government's United States Shipping Board started to distrust IMM following World War I: the public eschewed the company due to its usage of British ships, while the Shipping Board saw IMM as too large and anti-competitive.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 4Tomán René A historical dictionary of the U.S. merchant marine and shipping industry: since the introduction of steam Greenwood Press 1994 978-0-313-27225-7 Westport, Conn 652516469 This led to a series of organizational changes, including the sale of all foreign-flag lines and even some domestic lines. The IMM merged with the Roosevelt Steamship Company in 1931 to form the Roosevelt International Mercantile Marine Company (RIMM),https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/07/archives/imm-control-goes-to-roosevelt-line-old-company-elects-4-of-young.html I.M.M. Control Goes to Roosevelt Line January 7, 1931 The New York Times February 12, 2020 live en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214108/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/07/archives/imm-control-goes-to-roosevelt-line-old-company-elects-4-of-young.html February 12, 2020 which continued to own 1 Broadway. The same year, RIMM acquired United States Lines (USL) and began merging its other operations under that name. By 1940, RIMM itself had merged into USL, and the next year, an USL subsidiary acquired 1 Broadway. USL was also one of the largest shipping lines of its time, but faced numerous financial problems after World War II. Accordingly, the company placed 1 Broadway for sale in the late 1960s or early 1970s. USL's then-owner Walter Kidde & Company reportedly "nearly sold" 1 Broadway in 1972, but USL withdrew the building from sale due to a decline in New York City's real estate prices.https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/10/archives/real-estate-a-foreign-interest-in-manhattan.html Real Estate October 10, 1979 The New York Times February 12, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214102/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/10/archives/real-estate-a-foreign-interest-in-manhattan.html February 12, 2020 live USL also proposed replacing 1 Broadway with a 50-story skyscraper in 1970, which would have entailed taking air rights from the nearby Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House.Burks Edward C. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/09/archives/planners-seek-to-shift-custom-house-air-rights.html Planners Seek to Shift Custom House Air Rights April 9, 1970 The New York Times April 16, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103154006/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/09/archives/planners-seek-to-shift-custom-house-air-rights.html live Shipping entrepreneur Malcom McLean bought USL in 1977, and the following December, United States Lines announced that it would move to Cranford, New Jersey.https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/14/archives/us-lines-plans-move-from-new-york-in-79.html U.S. Lines Plans Move From New York in '79 December 14, 1978 The New York Times February 12, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193743/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/14/archives/us-lines-plans-move-from-new-york-in-79.html February 12, 2020 live The relocation took place in mid-1979, though USL remained on the ground floor through the end of the year. Several entities expressed interest in purchasing 1 Broadway, including one prospective buyer who considered converting it into a hotel.Oser Alan S. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/07/archives/about-real-estate-downtown-offices-the-owner-turnover.html About Real Estate Downtown Offices: The Owner Turnover March 7, 1979 The New York Times February 12, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214105/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/07/archives/about-real-estate-downtown-offices-the-owner-turnover.html February 12, 2020 live Ultimately, the structure was acquired by the Muna Realty Development Corporation,National Park Service 1991 . 5 a Dutch Antillean company who paid $9.75 million for the building and $250,000 for USL's remaining rent. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1991. The building's owners were facing financial difficulties by 1992, when the insurance company Allstate acquired 1 Broadway through foreclosure.Deutsch Claudia H. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/28/realestate/commercial-property-one-broadway-tenants-that-felt-they-were-not-so-good-hands.html Commercial Property/One Broadway;Tenants That Felt They Were in Not-So-Good Hands April 28, 1996 The New York Times February 12, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200125153117/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/28/realestate/commercial-property-one-broadway-tenants-that-felt-they-were-not-so-good-hands.html January 25, 2020 live The same year, Allstate started renovating the facade. The restoration was designed by Stephen Cohan, with C & D Restoration as contractors, and ultimately cost $2.2 million. During the project, some of the original red facade was discovered. The masonry was replaced between 1993 and 1994, during which about 8% of the original stonework was replaced. In 1995, the International Mercantile Marine Company Building, along with several other buildings on Bowling Green,Namely 11 Broadway; 26 Broadway; and the Cunard Building's exterior and first-floor interior were formally designated as New York City landmarks.https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/15/realestate/bringing-downtown-back-up.html Bringing Downtown Back Up Dunlap David W. October 15, 1995 The New York Times February 4, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200130173040/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/15/realestate/bringing-downtown-back-up.html January 30, 2020 liveLandmarks Preservation Commission 1995 . 1 In 2007, it was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District,February 20, 2007 Wall Street Historic District https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service February 9, 2021 4–5 February 19, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210219214221/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf live a NRHP district.2007 National Register of Historic Places 2007 Weekly Lists https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf July 20, 2020 National Park Service 65 December 28, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191228214611/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf live Kenyon & Kenyon, a prominent intellectual property law firm, was the main tenant on the upper floors in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, having moved into four floors of 1 Broadway in 1980.https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/1-broadway/ 1 Broadway – TRD Research March 13, 2019 The Real Deal February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20190526210324/https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/1-broadway/ May 26, 2019 live Kenyon & Kenyon along with investment counselors Brundage, Story & Rose, collectively occupied 70% of the building's office space by 1996. Five years later, Kenyon & Kenyon occupied almost all of the building's 190,000 ft2 of office space, except half of the sixth floor. At the time, Logany LLC was the landlord for that portion of the sixth floor, though Kenyon & Kenyon had a right of first refusal on that space. This led to a 2005 lawsuit when Logany did not offer a lease to Kenyon & Kenyon for Logany's half of the sixth floor, and proposed to build penthouses on the 12th floor, which Kenyon & Kenyon claimed was an effort to force them to move from the 12th floor. Kenyon & Kenyon won that lawsuit, which precluded Logany from building penthouses and forced the company to offer Kenyon & Kenyon a lease.https://nypost.com/2005/12/27/court-smacks-down-space-grabbing-landlord/ Court Smacks Down Space-grabbing Landlord Cuozzo Steve December 27, 2005 New York Post en February 12, 2020 February 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212193738/https://nypost.com/2005/12/27/court-smacks-down-space-grabbing-landlord/ live In 2018, the building was sold to Midtown Equities for $140 million, at which point the new owners announced that part of the building would be converted to apartments.https://nypost.com/2018/05/15/landmark-office-building-one-broadway-sold-for-140m/ Landmark office building One Broadway sold for $140M Weiss Lois May 16, 2018 New York Post en February 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200204164416/https://nypost.com/2018/05/15/landmark-office-building-one-broadway-sold-for-140m/ February 4, 2020 live Kenyon & Kenyon dissolved afterward.http://biglawbusiness.com/kenyon-kenyon-to-dissolve-lawyers-joining-andrews-kurth Kenyon & Kenyon to Dissolve, Lawyers Joining Andrews Kurth Friedman Gabe August 29, 2016 biglawbusiness.com en February 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200204164429/https://biglawbusiness.com/kenyon-kenyon-to-dissolve-lawyers-joining-andrews-kurth February 4, 2020 live Critical reception Before its renovation, the Washington Building was described by the Real Estate Record and Guide as "one of the handsomest office structures in the world", and due to its location at the southern tip of Manhattan Island, "probably the first building to attract the foreigner who comes to our shores." So prominent was the building that visitors to New York City would often climb to the building's roof before checking into their hotels. A Times article in 1919, prior to the Washington Building's renovation, called the planned remodel "a great white stone structure of classic dignity and proportion". After the project was completed, the Real Estate Record and Guide called it "a beautiful, harmonious structure, which few would recognize as the old Washington Building, known for two generations as the first skyscraper of lower Manhattan." In a book published in 1932, W. Parker Chase wrote that the building was "one of the most magnificent buildings in New York".https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000525067&view=1up&seq=172 Chase W. Parker New York, the Wonder City New York Bound 1983 978-0-9608788-2-6 New York 168 9946323 1932 April 15, 2021 April 17, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210417042707/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000525067&view=1up&seq=172 live See also Architecture New York City NRHP National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street References Notes Citations Sources https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/91000108.pdf Historic Structures Report: International Mercantile Marine Company Building March 2, 1991 National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service National Park Service 1991 http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1926.pdf International Mercantile Marine Company Building May 16, 1995 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995 https://cris.parks.ny.gov/Uploads/ViewDoc.aspx?mode=A&id=34464&q=false National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: International Mercantile Marine Company Building Kathleen LaFrank May 1989 PDF December 1, 2015 See also: https://cris.parks.ny.gov/Uploads/ViewDoc.aspx?mode=A&id=34463&q=false Accompanying photos collapsed Category:Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan Category:Neoclassical architecture in New York City Category:Office buildings completed in 1919 Category:Office buildings in Manhattan Category:Financial District, Manhattan Category:Broadway (Manhattan) Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan Category:Bowling Green (New York City) Category:Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New York (state) Category:New York State Register of Historic Places in New York County