1998 South Carolina Amendment 4

Referendum to repeal interracial marriage ban November 2025 November 2025 November 3, 1998 AMENDMENT No. 4 South Carolina Shall Section 33, Article III of the Constitution of this State be amended by deleting the following sentence from the Constitution: 'The marriage of a white person with a Negro or mulatto, or person who shall have one-eighth or more of Negro blood, shall be unlawful and void'. 565805 347533 File:1998 South Carolina Amendment 4 results map by county.svg Source: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections1998 Referendum General Election Data Graphs - South Carolina https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1998&fips=45&f=0&off=53&elect=0 live https://web.archive.org/web/20250831210325/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1998&fips=45&f=0&off=53&elect=0 31 August 2025 31 August 2025 Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections Yes #47729E 70–80% #7D9CBB 60–70% #B6C8D9 50–60% No #DEDEBD 50–60% 1998 South Carolina Amendment 4 was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of South Carolina to repeal the state's defunct constitutional ban on interracial marriage. The amendment was symbolic, as interracial marriage had already been legal nationwide since the United States Supreme Court case of Loving v. Virginia in 1967, which found all bans on such marriages to be in violation of two clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. Placed on the ballot by Bill 4303, the ballot measure succeeded with just under 62% of the vote, and with all but sixCounties in opposition Cherokee Chesterfield Dillon Lancaster Saluda Union of the state's forty-six counties having a majority vote in favor. Supporters of the change included Governor David Beasley and State House Speaker Pro-Tempore Terry Haskins, while opposition was limited and prominently came from state representative John Graham Altman. Following approval by voters in November 1998, the state legislature ratified the change in February 1999. Background Legal history The interracial marriage ban clause in South Carolina's constitution dated back to 1895, when the document was rewritten "as part of a sometimes violent backlash against Reconstruction."Bray Chad 29 October 1998 Lifting interracial marriage ban one of four questions on ballot https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193293947/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125031910/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193293947/ 25 November 2025 24 November 2025 The Greenville News Newspapers.com The 1895 constitution was written under Governor Ben Tillman, whose administration was run on the idea that control of the state government should be held by white people.20 December 1998 Alabama's interracial marriage ban may be last to go https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753450712/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125032236/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753450712/ 25 November 2025 24 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com Cox News Service By 1945, thirty U.S. states had adopted anti-miscegenation laws in statute form or in their state constitutions, including all Southern states.Altman Micah Klinker Philip A. 10 May 2007 Measuring the Difference Between White Voting and Polling on Interracial Marriage https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race/article/abs/measuring-the-difference-between-white-voting-and-polling-on-interracial-marriage/5BFB2974978722AE4911B0A77AEA0F9A 28 December 2025 Cambridge University Press In 1967, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled interracial marriage bans to be in violation of the Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, thereby striking down all state laws that had banned such marriages.Loving v. Virginia https://www.oyez.org/cases/1966/395 live https://web.archive.org/web/20251003234932/https://www.oyez.org/cases/1966/395 3 October 2025 24 November 2025 Oyez South Carolina's defunct laws remained on the books. After the ruling, South Carolina's Attorney General Daniel McLeod urged for license bureaus to issue marriage licenses to interracial couples.Ferguson Harry 16 February 1968 Mixed Marriage Bans Falling Like Dominoes https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/601751771/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125150525/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/601751771/ 25 November 2025 24 November 2025 Bucyrus Telegraph-Forum Newspapers.com United Press International In 1970 and 1972, following an opinion issued by AG Daniel McLeod in 1969 that the ban was unconstitutional, South Carolina repealed its statutory anti-miscegenation provisions. However, section 33 of article 3, the interracial marriage ban clause of South Carolina's constitution, still remained in place.Newbeck Phyl Virginia Hasn't Always Been for Lovers: Interracial Marriage Bans and the case of Richard and Mildred Loving https://books.google.com/books?id=fkZ5F451FZEC&pg=PA194 live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125150137/https://books.google.com/books?id=fkZ5F451FZEC&pg=PA194#v=onepage&q&f=false 25 November 2025 22 November 2025 March 14, 2008 SIU Press 978-0-8093-2857-48 March 1998 Skerritt https://www.Newspapers.com/image-view/757208035/ 24 November 2025 The Herald Newspapers.com In 1998, at the time of repeal of the constitutional ban, South Carolina was the second-to-last state to have a defunct ban on interracial marriage; the final state to repeal its ban was Alabama in 2000.Blake Aaron Alabama was a final holdout on desegregation and interracial marriage. It could happen again on gay marriage. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/02/09/alabama-was-a-final-holdout-on-desegregation-and-interracial-marriage-it-could-happen-again-on-gay-marriage/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20250317191344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/02/09/alabama-was-a-final-holdout-on-desegregation-and-interracial-marriage-it-could-happen-again-on-gay-marriage/ 17 March 2025 31 August 2025 The Washington Post subscription Legislation for Amendment 4 Bill 4303 from the 112th Session, 1997–1998 of the South Carolina General Assembly placed the question on the ballot. The bill was authored by State Rep. Brad Jordan; however, Jordan allowed for State Rep. Curtis Inabinett, a Black lawmaker, to be the bill's introducer and chief sponsor. In the State House, the bill received 99 votes in favor, 4 votes against, and had 20 representatives not vote. The 4 opposition votes came from State Representatives John Graham Altman, Dan Cooper, Larry Koon, and Margaret Gamble.Journal of the House of Representatives Thursday, February 5, 1998 https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess112_1997-1998/hj98/19980205.htm 19 January 2026 South Carolina Legislature In the State Senate, 45 votes were in favor, and none were in opposition.Tuesday, April 7, 1998 (Statewide Session) https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess112_1997-1998/sj98/19980407.htm live https://web.archive.org/web/20250720124652/https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess112_1997-1998/sj98/19980407.htm 20 July 2025 24 November 2025 South Carolina Legislature Fiscal estimates Marci Andino, a member of the South Carolina Election Commission, estimated that the addition of the amendment to the ballot would cost between $25,000 and $30,000.Cude Daniel Dean Suellen E. 6 February 1998 Many support wiping out mixed-race marriage ban https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/1998/02/07/many-support-wiping-out-mixed-race-marriage-ban/29046462007/ 28 December 2025 Spartanburg Herald-Journal Endorsements Support Supporters of the change had many arguments in favor, including religious stances, that it was antiquated, that it was racist, that it limited individual freedom, and that it fostered racial division.Yes State officials David Beasley, governor of South Carolina (1995–1999) (#FFE6E6 Republican)Holland Jesse J. 6 February 1998 Interracial marriage bill OK'd https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813692188/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125032939/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813692188/ 25 November 2025 23 November 2025 Anderson Independent-Mail Newspapers.com Associated Press State legislators John Michael Baxley, state representative from the 65th district (1987–1998) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)Hammond James T. 28 January 1998 State House panel OKs vote on interracial marriage ban https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193768205/ 25 November 2025 The Greenville News Newspapers.com Chip Campsen, state representative from the 112th district (1996–2002) (#FFE6E6 Republican) Robert Ford, state senator from the 42nd district (1993–2013) (#CEE0F2 Democratic) Jerry Govan Jr., state representative from the 95th district (1992–2022) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)Taylor Jay 28 January 1998 House to get bill removing interracial-marriage ban https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753476208/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125155618/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753476208/ 25 November 2025 17 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com Bobby Harrell, Speaker of the House (2005–2014) (#FFE6E6 Republican) Terry Haskins, House Speaker Pro-Tempore (1995–2000) (#FFE6E6 Republican)13 October 1997 Marriage from Page A1 https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753102846/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125162709/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753102846/ 25 November 2025 24 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com Curtis B. Inabinett, state representative from the 116th district (1991–1999) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)Pressley Sue Anne 3 November 1998 South Carolina's Racial Relic https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/11/03/south-carolinas-racial-relic/9e84afca-a9ea-4852-b1b7-5390ba393a1a/ unfit https://web.archive.org/web/20240726044701/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/11/03/south-carolinas-racial-relic/9e84afca-a9ea-4852-b1b7-5390ba393a1a/ 26 July 2024 31 August 2025 The Washington Post subscription Darrell Jackson, state senator from the 21st district (1993–present) (#CEE0F2 Democratic) Brad Jordan, state representative from the 6th district (1996–1998) (#FFE6E6 Republican)Sealover Ed 11 January 1998 Legislators to press hot-button issues https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813713598/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125162422/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813713598/ 25 November 2025 24 November 2025 Anderson Independent Mail Newspapers.com Tom Keegan, state representative from the 106th district (1989–2003) (#FFE6E6 Republican)Wilson Zane 6 February 1998 Conway pair abstain on race vote https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/808871537/ 25 November 2025 The Sun News Newspapers.com Joseph Neal, state representative from the 70th district (1993–2017) (#CEE0F2 Democratic) Olin Phillips, state representative from the 30th district (1979–2008) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)Taylor Jay 6 February 1998 Bedroom doors, battle lines https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753462637/ 23 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com John L. Scott Jr., state representative from the 77th district (1991–2009) (#CEE0F2 Democratic) Fletcher Smith, state representative from the 23rd district (1996–2007) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)6 February 1998 Race from Page A1 https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753462038/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125161840/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753462038/ 25 November 2025 23 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com Jeff Young, state representative from the 67th district (1995–1998, 2001–2002) (#FFE6E6 Republican)Gilbert Marsha 27 February 1998 Law from Page 1B https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193872910/ 18 November 2025 The Greenville News Newspapers.com Party officials Dick Harpootlian, chairman of the South Carolina Democratic Party (1998–2003, 2011–2013) (#CEE0F2 Democratic)Smith Bruce 4 November 1998 Repeal of interracial marriage ban passes https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813700593/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20251125163050/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/813700593/ 25 November 2025 17 November 2025 Anderson Independent-Mail Newspapers.com Newspapers The Herald12 February 1998 Ban is embarrassment https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/757250892/ 25 November 2025 Newspapers.com The Herald Newspapers.com The State20 October 1997 Strike from constitution section on marriage ban https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/753089283/ 24 November 2025 The State Newspapers.com The Beaufort Gazette31 October 1998 The amendments https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/844009162/ 25 November 2025 The Beaufort Gazette Newspapers.com The Greenville News29 October 1998 Amendments on the ballot https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193297457/ 25 November 2025 The Greenville News Newspapers.com Opposition Those in opposition, such as state representative John Graham Altman, who was among the most outspoken opponents of the change, argued that the change was political correctness.Gilbert Marsha 27 February 1998 Debate still swirls around amendment https://www.newspapers.com/image/193872782/ 26 January 2026 The Greenville News Newspapers.com Altman believed it to be wrong that the South Carolina legislature would attempt to repeal this provision but avoid removing other archaic clauses that had been ruled unconstitutional, such as women being denied the right to vote, and the requirement that a person be religious to be sworn into public office. He felt that the ban should be left there "as a lesson for us never to do it again". The basis of other arguments in opposition included religion, and that different animal species do not breed with each other. No State legislators Dan Cooper, state representative from the 10th district (1990–2011) (#FFE6E6 Republican) John Graham Altman, state representative from the 119th district (1997–2005) (#FFE6E6 Republican) Larry Koon, state representative from the 87th district (1975–2005) (#FFE6E6 Republican) Liston Barfield, state representative from the 58th district (1985–1989) (1997–2013) (#FFE6E6 Republican) Contents The amendment, which took place along with the 1998 South Carolina elections on November 3, 1998, had the following question and explanation shown to voters for Amendment 4:South Carolina Election Report 1997 & 1998 https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1997-1998.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20250613225438/https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1997-1998.pdf 13 June 2025 31 August 2025 South Carolina Election Commission "Shall Section 33, Article III of the Constitution of this State be amended by deleting the following sentence from the Constitution: 'The marriage of a white person with a Negro or mulatto, or person who shall have one-eighth or more of Negro blood, shall be unlawful and void'. Yes [] No [] Those voting in favor of the question shall deposit a ballot with a check or cross mark in the square after the word 'Yes', and those voting against the question shall deposit a ballot with a check or cross mark in the square after the word 'No'." Explanation of above: This amendment, if approved, will remove the part of the Constitution that makes marriage between whites and blacks illegal.The amendment included the explanation because state legislators were afraid that voters would not understand the meaning of the ballot question.Holland Jesse J. 13 August 1998 Interracial marriage question to include explanation https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193174886/ 25 November 2025 The Greenville News Associated Press Newspapers.com Pre-decision polling Poll source Date(s)administered SamplesizeKey:A – all adultsRV – registered votersLV – likely votersV – unclear "Key" Marginof error Yes No UndecidedMason-DixonPratt Mark 26 September 1998 Interracial couples say discrimination prevalent https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/986529954/ 24 November 2025 Florence Morning News Newspapers.com Associated PressAugust 1998806 (RV)±4%67%The source says that "two-thirds" were in favor of repeal.22%~11%Mason-Dixon19 December 1997 Poll: S.C. residents split on video poker https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/986533809/ 23 November 2025 Florence Morning News Newspapers.com Associated PressDecember 9–11, 1997820 (RV)±3.5%48%29%? Results 40 counties voted in favor of the measure, and 6 voted against. The highest level of support came from Beaufort County, which had 75.34% vote in favor, and the lowest level came from Cherokee County, which had 44.70% in favor. The following table details the results by county of the referendum: CountyYesNo#%#%Abbeville3,21850.773,12149.23Aiken20,05363.7811,38736.22Allendale88256.9066843.10Anderson21,69054.0018,47846.00Bamberg1,49155.681,18744.32Barnwell2,30153.541,99746.46Beaufort22,21375.347,27224.66Berkeley14,74362.388,89137.62Calhoun2,39153.552,07446.45Charleston52,28774.1418,24125.86Cherokee5,05644.706,25455.30Chester3,79254.593,15445.41Chesterfield4,16948.684,39551.32Clarendon3,77254.153,19445.85Colleton4,07352.793,64347.21Darlington7,32754.836,03745.17Dillon2,47246.922,79653.08Dorchester13,73965.877,12034.13Edgefield3,27161.042,08838.96Fairfield3,14663.521,80736.48Florence15,30555.9112,07044.09Georgetown6,96059.384,76240.62Greenville63,30663.5836,26536.42Greenwood8,31959.265,71840.74Hampton2,61852.462,37247.54Horry27,66163.6215,81636.38Jasper2,04861.801,26638.20Kershaw7,64856.065,99543.94Lancaster7,05649.417,22550.59Laurens8,08552.447,33347.56Lee2,71453.032,40446.97Lexington37,14962.4722,31837.53McCormick1,64162.3299237.68Marion3,28659.912,19940.09Marlboro3,14557.062,36742.94Newberry5,06552.104,65747.90Oconee10,12758.747,11241.26Orangeburg12,36459.818,30840.19Pickens13,70957.2710,22842.73Richland59,28474.1520,67125.85Saluda2,67449.952,67950.05Spartanburg29,23656.4922,52043.51Sumter12,87862.967,57537.04Union4,00944.944,91255.06Williamsburg4,57854.643,80045.36York22,85465.2612,16534.74State total565,80561.95347,53338.05 Analysis and aftermath Reactions to passage The Herald, days after the election took place, released an opinion section reaffirming its previously declared support for the measure, and described the fact that more than one-third of the state opposed it as "a black eye for the state."Speizer Jayne Sovde Roger Plumb Terry C. Rassmann Richard R. Werrell Jr. James 5 November 1998 Controversial amendments https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/757504796/ 23 November 2025 The Herald Newspapers.com The Sun News also released an editorial after the amendment vote had occurred, saying that their concern lay with the fact that six counties had voted against the measure. The newspaper went on to say, "The times, they are a'changing, but not fast enough."Ellis Paula Deans Sue Ausband Jerry Willis Bill 11 November 1998 Catching up? https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/808785015/ 23 November 2025 The Sun News Newspapers.com And, in February 1999, they released another paper following ratification of the amendment, declaring that the ban had been repealed, "And that is as it should be." The newspaper reasoned that it was a "Jim Crow part of the constitution" and "rightfully [was] expunged." It felt that South Carolina changed "all too slowly in things it needs to change quickly. But at least it is changing."13 February 1999 Obsolescence https://www.newspapers.com/image/809038035/ 28 December 2025 The Sun News Newspapers.com Turnout The level of voter turnout in the November 1998 election in South Carolina was 54%, or about 1.1 million registered voters. This was viewed as encouraging for the South Carolina Election Commission, as this gave South Carolina the 29th highest voter turnout in this election, after years of the state having the lowest, or close to it, levels of turnout. Formalization The amendment required a subsequent vote by the legislature in order to be ratified; Bill 332 of the 113th Session, which took effect on February 16, 1999, provided the needed ratification.Bill 332 https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess113_1999-2000/bills/332.htm February 28, 2026 South Carolina Legislature This officially removed the state's marriage ban, which had been legally unenforceable for over 31 years due to the Supreme Court's decision in Loving v. Virginia.23 February 1999 Interracial marriage ban becomes history https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/193771771/ 24 November 2025 The Greenville News Newspapers.com Associated Press Race of voters An estimated 40% of white voters opposed the ballot measure, while about 23% of non-white voters were against it.Herman Melissa R. Campbell Mary E. I wouldn't, but you can: Attitudes toward interracial relationships Social Science Research March 2012 41 2 343–358 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.11.007 23017756 All six counties that opposed the amendment had a majority-white percentage of people who voted.Voter History Results https://vrems.scvotes.sc.gov/Statistics/VoterHistoryResults live https://web.archive.org/web/20250531051818/https://vrems.scvotes.sc.gov/Statistics/VoterHistoryResults 31 May 2025 24 November 2025 MySCVotes Data gathered in the 2000 census shows that all six counties that opposed the amendment had a majority-white population in total.Census 2000 https://rfa.sc.gov/page/south-carolina-population-sex-and-race-2000 live https://web.archive.org/web/20250212050640/https://rfa.sc.gov/page/south-carolina-population-sex-and-race-2000 12 February 2025 22 November 2025 South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office The three counties that backed the measure with more than 70% support—Beaufort, Charleston, and Richland—all had majority-white populations as well. However, all three counties had histories involving African Americans. For example, in Beaufort, African Americans "dominate[d]" the political scene during Reconstruction;White-Perry Giselle In Freedom's Shadow https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/fall/greaves.html 12 December 2025 National Archives August 15, 2016 in Charleston, they formed a majority of the population until the Great Migration;Butler, Ph.D. Nic 1 February 2019 Commemorating the African-ness of Charleston's History https://www.ccpl.org/charleston-time-machine/commemorating-african-ness-charlestons-history 13 December 2025 Charleston County Public Library and in Richland, according to one researcher, more public memorials for Black women exist than in any other county of the United States.Marchant Bristow 2 March 2021 Richland County has more monuments to Black women than anywhere else, researcher says https://www.thestate.com/news/local/article249451700.html 13 December 2025 The State Other interracial marriage referendums left|thumb|Results by county of the three referendums, including the year when it occurred at the top of each state. Yes: #28497C 80–90% #47729E 70–80% #7D9CBB 60–70% #B6C8D9 50–60%No: #BCBC83 60–70% #DEDEBD 50–60% Alabama and Mississippi also held referendums on repealing their own defunct constitutional bans, in which both measures succeeded. Mississippi held its plebiscite in 1987, which was approved by just 3.52%, and Alabama's was held in 2000, where about 19% more voted in favor than in opposition.General Election November 7, 2000 https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/voter-pdfs/2000/2000g-amend.pdf 20 December 2025 Alabama Secretary of StateMolpus Dick Mississippi Official and Statistical Register 1988-1992 1989 578–579 In comparison to South Carolina's vote, the two states had a higher percentage of county-level opposition, with 44 of the 82 Mississippi counties in opposition (53.66%) and 25 of Alabama's 67 (37.31%), while only 6 of South Carolina's 46 (13.04%) were opposed. When categorized by race, estimates show that ~49% of white Alabama voters opposed removing their state's ban compared to South Carolina's ~40%. Among non-white voters, ~8% in Alabama opposed repeal, while in South Carolina, ~23% were against.thumb|A map depicting Cherokee County, South Carolina, which voted against both gay and interracial marriage by the highest margins of any county in the state. Same-sex marriage The six counties in opposition later voted in favor of the state's referendum that constitutionally banned gay marriage. One of the six, Cherokee County, was the sole South Carolinian county to have more than 90% of its vote be in favor of the ban.Election Report 2005–2006 https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2006.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20250722024113/https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2006.pdf 22 July 2025 22 November 2025 South Carolina Election Commission The amendment was later compared to the gay marriage referendum, with The Times and Democrat saying that targeting same-sex couples was "no less vicious than targeting interracial couples was in another era."Richard Nunan 3 November 2006 Dark side of same-sex marriage ban https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/346011302/ 22 November 2025 The Times and Democrat Newspapers.com Subsequent polling 2011 In 2011, the polling firm Public Policy Polling released a survey of 741 South Carolina voters, including the question: "Do you think interracial marriage should be legal or illegal?" The poll, which was conducted between June 2 and June 5 of that year with a +/-3.6% margin of error, found that 70% believed it should be legal, 16% believed it should be illegal, and 15% were unsure.9 June 2011 Despite approval decline, Haley still tops Sheheen in re-do https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PPP_Release_SC_06091023.pdf 22 December 2025 Public Policy Polling The following cross tabs were included: + Cross tabs of the 2011 South Carolinians Demographic subgroupYesNo Total 70 16 Gender Men 69 18 Women 70 14 Race White 63 19 African-American 87 8 Other 68 9 Age 18–29 years old 58 18 30–45 years old 76 13 46–65 years old 77 12 65 and older 52 27 Political party Democrat 82 8Republican5625 Independent/Other 77 11 Ideology Very liberal 86 2Somewhat liberal914 Moderate 73 15 Somewhat conservative 59 21Very conservative5625 2008 presidential vote John McCain 57 23Barack Obama876 Someone Else/Don't Remember 62 15 2012 Republicans In 2012, the same organization, PPP, released a survey containing, this time, only "likely Republican primary voters". The poll was conducted from January 11 to 13 on 803 of such individuals, and had a +/-3.5% margin of error. 66% were in favor of it being legal, 20% were opposed, and 14% were unsure.13 January 2012 Romney maintains South Carolina lead https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PPP_Release_SC_113.pdf 22 December 2025 Public Policy Polling The following cross tabs are some of those that were provided:The cross tabs of the poll also included, for example, viewpoints of potential 2012 Republican Party candidates. + Cross tabs of the 2012 South Carolina Republicans Demographic subgroupYesNo Total 66 20 Gender Men 67 23 Women 65 17 Age 18–29 years old 55 30 30–45 years old 78 12 46–65 years old 69 17 65 and older 53 30 Tea Party Member Yes 59 26No7315 Not sure 51 30 2008 presidential vote John McCain 57 23Barack Obama876 Someone Else/Don't Remember 62 15 Evangelical Christian Are 57 28 Are not 77 11 Region in South Carolina Low country 66 20Midlands6819 Upstate 63 23 Notes References External links 1998 South Carolina Amendment 4 at Ballotpedia South Carolina 1990s Society Category:1990s in South Carolina Category:Interracial marriage in the United States Category:Ballot measures in the United States