1930 Turkish local elections

1930 Turkish local elections Turkey local no September / October 1930 1934 1934 Turkish local elections 502Municipalities Municipalities won Republican People's Party Mustafa Kemal Pasha Ataturk1930s.jpg 478 Liberal Republican Party (Turkey) Ali Fethi Bey Fethi Okyar.jpg 24 1930_Türkiye_Yerel_Seçimleri.png 350px The 1930 Turkish local elections represent the inaugural multi-party electoral exercise in the history of the Republic of Turkey, conducted throughout September and October. Following the enactment of the Municipalities Law on April 4, 1930, the elections were contested by the Republican People's Party (CHF) and the newly established Liberal Republican Party (SCF).Local election results in Turkey from 1930 to 2009 https://www.netgazete.com/haber/1930-dan-2009-a-turkiye-de-yerel-secim-sonuclari-370637 live https://web.archive.org/web/20170512003255/https://www.netgazete.com/haber/1930-dan-2009-a-turkiye-de-yerel-secim-sonuclari-370637 May 12, 2017 June 30, 2020 In these elections, mayors were elected via a two-stage process from among and by the members of the municipal councils. A significant characteristic of these elections was the granting of suffrage and eligibility for office to women for the first time. Indeed, the law mandated that all citizens regardless of gender who had reached the age of 18 possessed the right to vote, while those aged 25 and above were eligible for election.Koçak, Süleyman Yaman & Ekşi, Ali; "Local Elections in Turkey from the Perspective of Participation and Democracy", Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences, Issue: 21 (May-2010), p. 300. Despite having been founded only one month prior to the election, the SCF established its organization rapidly across numerous provinces; however, due to pressures exerted by state officials and CHF functionaries, it secured victory in only 24 of the 502 electoral districts. According to one source, Mustafa Kemal expressed considerable indignation regarding the SCF's victory in certain municipalities."From Democracy to Coup, My Father Adnan Menderes" 2nd Edition Menderes Aydın 2011 155 Doğan Egmont Publishing Following these elections, which indicated that a segment of the populace was dissatisfied with CHF policies, the pressure from the CHF upon the SCF intensified. Consequently, after receiving significant public support during the tumultuous Izmir rally, the SCF was dissolved by its founder, Fethi Bey, shortly after completing its third month of existence. Pre-election period In Turkey, a single-party government was grappling with the political, social, and economic exigencies precipitated by the 1929 Great Depression, as well as the preceding World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.Weiker, Walter F. (1973). Political Tutelage and Democracy in Turkey-The Free Party and Its Aftermath, Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 43 Furthermore, a substantial portion of the national budget was being allocated to railway investments, and the government, facing difficulties in financing these projects, resorted to the imposition of new taxes. Conversely, there were no alternative political parties to articulate the demands and grievances of the public or to provide legal and political opposition to the government's economic policies.Goloğlu, Mahmut (2011). Revolutions and Reactions. Istanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. ISBN 9789754589115 p. 642 Mustafa Kemal, emphasizing the importance of pacifying the dissatisfied segments of society, believed that the solution to Turkey's systemic problems lay in the establishment of a controlled opposition party.Soyak, Hasan Rıza (1973). Memories from Atatürk II. Istanbul: Yapı ve Kredi Bankası Yayınları. p. 15 Fethi Bey founded the SCF on August 12, 1930, following assurances from Mustafa Kemal that he would be supported under all circumstances. With the foundation of the SCF, those discontented with the single-party regime flocked to the new party.Karaosmanoğlu, Yakup Kadri (1984). 45 Years in Politics. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. p. 110 Facing a constrained timeline for both organizational structuring and electoral preparation, the SCF rapidly initiated its nationwide deployment. Fethi Bey announced that he would not establish organizations in several provinces in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia to ensure that the state’s security policies—necessitated by the Sheikh Said rebellion and the Ararat rebellion—would not be compromised.Republic Archives of the Prime Ministry, Fund Code: 490.01, Location No: 435.1804.2. Election results According to official statements regarding the election results, the SCF emerged victorious in 24 out of 502 electoral districts. The locations won by the SCF are recorded as 2 provinces (Samsun and Silifke), 16 districts, and 6 sub-districts: Bozdoğan, Nazilli, and Çine districts of Aydın, along with the sub-districts of Yenipazar, Atça, and Karapınar; the Keşan district of Edirne; the Central district of Silifke; the Bergama, Kuşadası, Menemen, Seferihisar, and Urla districts of İzmir, along with the sub-districts of Buca, Kınık, and Armutlu; the Gördes district of Manisa; the Central and Ladik districts of Samsun; the Merzifon district of Amasya; the Edremit and Susurluk districts of Balıkesir; and the Lüleburgaz and Vize districts of Kırklareli.Republic Archives of the Prime Ministry, Fund Code: 490.01, Location No: 286.1146.1. In Istanbul, the CHF received a total of 35,942 votes, while the SCF received 12,868. The Vakit newspaper reported these figures as 35,934 for the CHF and 12,813 for the SCF. According to the same newspaper, the number of non-voting electors in Istanbul reached 250,746.Taşdemir Serap 2019 Organization of the Liberal Republican Party in Ayvalık and the 1930 Municipal Elections Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies XIX 626 14 ataturkilkeleri.deu.edu.tr https://ataturkilkeleri.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/9.serap-tasdemir.pdf August 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174235/https://ataturkilkeleri.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/9.serap-tasdemir.pdf February 14, 2022 deadhttps://www.academia.edu/74124168/1930_T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE_YEREL_SE%C3%87%C4%B0MLER%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_SERBEST_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET THE LIBERAL REPUBLIC OF THE 1930 TURKISH LOCAL ELECTIONS Özgür Özben November 11, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20241111165235/https://www.academia.edu/74124168/1930_T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE_YEREL_SE%C3%87%C4%B0MLER%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_SERBEST_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET November 11, 2024 academia.edu dead In other cities: In Ayvalık, CHF received 1,143 and SCF received 1,044 votes; In İzmir, CHF received 14,624 and SCF received 9,600; In Bergama, CHF received 250 and SCF received 1,371; In Merzifon, CHF received 496 and SCF received 557; In Samsun, CHF received 416 and SCF received 3,312; In Lüleburgaz, CHF received 1,320 and SCF received 1,989.https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2172098 1930 Kırklareli local election results. June 13, 2022 February 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220203093444/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2172098 dead dergipark.org Post-election period The interest shown in a party with a brief lifespan of only three months clearly demonstrated the existence of a segment of the population dissatisfied with CHF policies.Mahmutoğlu Tansu Barış 2015 Atatürk University, Institute of Atatürk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution, Department of Atatürk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution, Turkey (PhD Thesis) Atatürk University, Institute of Atatürk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution 129 tez.yok.gov.tr Immediately following the election, letters of grievance were received from various provinces, alleging that governors, district governors, and all state officials had adopted a stance in favor of the CHF, violating the principle of neutrality, and that the public had been coerced into voting for the CHF through pressure and violence.Balkaya, İhsan Sabri (2006). The 1930 Municipal Elections According to Archive Documents of the Liberal Republican Party, Güneş Vakfı Yayınları, Erzurum. pp. 51-156. President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk expressed his reaction to these events to İsmet İnönü with the following words: It is well. Be pleased. We have understood the situation. We see that you have not been able to satisfy the people.Balkaya, pp. 133-134. SCF executives asserted that these election results did not reflect reality. In their view, the SCF had won the election, but the results were obtained through coercion and corruption. Fethi Bey submitted a motion during the session of the TBMM on November 6, 1930, regarding the alleged irregularities. Subsequently, taking the floor during the session on November 15, he enumerated the allegations of corruption and intimidation. After Fethi Bey, CHF deputies criticized him and SCF policies, alleging that it was actually the SCF that had engaged in electoral fraud; consequently, relations between the two parties became severely strained. Following the vote in the TBMM, the motion was rejected by 221 votes to 10.Çınar, Ömer (2015). "The Liberal Republican Party in Our Political Life: An Attempt to Transition from Single-Party to Multi-Party Political Life", Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Modern History, KTÜ SBE Social Sciences Journal, p. 226. In light of these developments, Fethi Bey submitted his petition for the dissolution of the SCF to the Ministry of Interior on November 17, 1930.Erdal Aydoğan & Tansu Barış Mahmutoğlu (2013). "Elections Conducted During the Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Period and Their Characteristic Features", In Pursuit of History, Issue: 10, p. 125. Sometime after the closure of the SCF, the Council of State annulled the municipal elections in the locations won by the SCF and appointed CHF mayors and council members to these positions. References 25em Category:Local elections in Turkey Category:1930 in Turkey Category:1930 elections in Europe Category:September 1930 in Turkey Category:October 1930 in Turkey