2012 phenomenon

Eschatological beliefs about the year the film based on the phenomenon 2012 (film) September 2026 thumb|upright|A date inscription in the Maya Long Count on the east side of Stela C from Quirigua showing the date for the last Creation. It is read as 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 8 Kumku and is usually correlated as 11 or 13 August, 3114 BC on the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. The date of 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 3 Kʼankʼin is usually correlated as 21 or 23 December 2012.|alt=an inscription in Mayan characters inter The 2012 phenomenon was a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or transformative events would occur on or around 21 December 2012.Defesche Sacha The 2012 Phenomenon http://www.skepsis.no/the-2012-phenomenon/ Skepsis 17 June 2008 14 October 2018 31 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190531180136/http://www.skepsis.no/the-2012-phenomenon/ dead MacDonald G. Jeffrey Does Maya calendar predict 2012 apocalypse? https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-27-maya-2012_n.htm USA Today 2011 Robert K. Sitler February 2006 The 2012 Phenomenon: New Age Appropriation of an Ancient Mayan Calendar Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 9 3 24–38 10.1525/nr.2006.9.3.024 1092-6690 357082680 This date was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar,http://yucalandia.com/science-health-issues/2012-maya-calendar-mystery-and-logic-vs-thors-day-worship-the-sun-day-et-al/ 2012 Maya Calendar Mystery and Math, Surviving Yucatan Yucalandia.com 16 November 2012 25 December 2012 and festivities took place on 21 December 2012 to commemorate the event in the countries that were part of the Maya civilization (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador), with main events at Chichén Itzá in Mexico and Tikal in Guatemala. Various astronomical alignments and numerological formulae were proposed for this date. A New Age interpretation held that the date marked the start of a period during which Earth and its inhabitants would undergo a positive physical or spiritual transformation, and that 21 December 2012 would mark the beginning of a new era. Others suggested that the date marked the end of the world or a similar catastrophe. Scenarios suggested for the end of the world included the arrival of the next solar maximum; an interaction between Earth and Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy; the Nibiru cataclysm, in which Earth would collide with a mythical planet called Nibiru; or even the heating of Earth's core. Scholars from various disciplines quickly dismissed predictions of cataclysmic events as they arose. Mayan scholars stated that no classic Mayan accounts forecast impending doom, and the idea that the Long Count calendar ends in 2012 misrepresented Mayan history and culture.David Stuart, The Order of Days: The Maya World and the Truth about 2012, Harmony Books, 2011 Astronomers rejected the various proposed doomsday scenarios as pseudoscience,SI do not ♥ pseudo-science Mike Brown http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2008/02/i-do-not-pseudo-science.html 2008 12 December 2012 having been refuted by elementary astronomical observations. Mesoamerican Long Count calendar Mesoamerican Long Count calendar December 2012 marked the conclusion of a bʼakʼtun—a time period in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used in Mesoamerica prior to the arrival of Europeans. Although the Long Count was most likely invented by the Olmec, it has become closely associated with the Maya civilization, whose classic period lasted from 250 to 900 AD. The writing system of the classic Maya has been substantially deciphered, meaning that a text corpus of their written and inscribed material has survived from before the Spanish conquest of Yucatán. Unlike the 260-day tzolkʼin which is still used today among the Maya, the Long Count was linear rather than cyclical, and kept time roughly in units of 20: 20 days made a uinal, 18 uinals (360 days) made a tun, 20 tuns made a kʼatun, and 20 kʼatuns (144,000 days or roughly 394 years) made up a bʼakʼtun. Thus, the Maya date of 8.3.2.10.15 represents 8 bʼakʼtuns, 3 kʼatuns, 2 tuns, 10 uinals and 15 days.Schele Freidel 1990 246 Apocalypse thumb|upright|The oldest surviving manuscript of the Popol Vuh, dated to 1701|alt=an ancient manuscript page. There is a strong tradition of "world ages" in Maya literature, but the record has been distorted, leaving several possibilities open to interpretation.Severin 1981 75 According to the Popol Vuh, a compilation of the creation accounts of the Kʼicheʼ Maya of the Colonial-era highlands, the current world is the fourth.Schele Freidel 1990 429–430 The Popol Vuh describes the gods first creating three failed worlds, followed by a successful fourth world in which humanity was placed. In the Maya Long Count, the previous world ended after 13 bʼakʼtuns, or roughly 5,125 years.Freidel Schele Parker 1993 63The number 13 plays an important role in Mesoamerican calendrics; the tzolkʼin, or sacred calendar, was divided into 13 months of 20 days each. The Mayan may cycle consisted of 13 kʼatuns. The reason for the number's importance is uncertain, though correlations to the phases of the moon and to the human gestation period have been suggested.Rice 2007 44, 59 The Long Count's "zero date"The Mayan calendar, unlike the Western calendar, used a zero.fn1 Rather than "0.0.0.0.0", the Mayan Long Count represented the date of creation as "13.0.0.0.0" was set at a point in the past marking the end of the third world and the beginning of the current one, which corresponds to 11 August 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.Aveni 2009 46 This means that the fourth world reached the end of its 13th bʼakʼtun, or Maya date 13.0.0.0.0, on 21 December 2012.Most Mayanist scholars, such as Mark Van Stone and Anthony Aveni, adhere to the "GMT (Goodman-Martinez-Thompson) correlation" with the Long Count, which places the start date at 11 August 3114 BC and the end date of bʼakʼtun 13 at 21 December 2012. Who's Who in the Maya World famsi.org http://research.famsi.org/whos_who/christian_dates.htm Peter Matthews 13 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511124646/http://research.famsi.org/whos_who/christian_dates.htm 11 May 2011 live This date was also the overwhelming preference of those who believed in 2012 eschatology, arguably, Van Stone suggests, because it was a solstice, and was thus astrologically significant. Some Mayanist scholars, such as Michael D. Coe, Linda Schele and Marc Zender, adhere to the "Lounsbury/GMT+2" correlation, which sets the start date at 13 August and the end date at 23 December. Which of these is the precise correlation has yet to be conclusively settled. In 1957, Mayanist and astronomer Maud Worcester Makemson wrote that "the completion of a Great Period of 13 bʼakʼtuns would have been of the utmost significance to the Maya." In 1966, Michael D. Coe wrote in The Maya that "there is a suggestion ... that Armageddon would overtake the degenerate peoples of the world and all creation on the final day of the 13th [bʼakʼtun]. Thus ... our present universe [would] be annihilated ... when the Great Cycle of the Long Count reaches completion."Coe 1966 149fn2 Coe's initial date was "24 December 2011". He revised it to "11 January AD 2013" in the 1980 2nd edition of his book,Coe 1980 151 not settling on 23 December 2012 until the 1984 3rd edition.Coe 1984. This correlation, which differs two days from Sharer's, is repeated in subsequent editions of Coe's book. The correlation of bʼakʼtun 13 as 21 December 2012 first appeared in Table B.2 of Robert J. Sharer's 1983 revision of the 4th edition of Sylvanus Morley's book The Ancient Maya. Morley 1983 603 Table B2. Objections Coe's interpretation was repeated by other scholars through the early 1990s. In contrast, later researchers said that, while the end of the 13th bʼakʼtun would perhaps be a cause for celebration, it did not mark the end of the calendar. "There is nothing in the Maya or Aztec or ancient Mesoamerican prophecy to suggest that they prophesied a sudden or major change of any sort in 2012," said Mayanist scholar Mark Van Stone. "The notion of a 'Great Cycle' coming to an end is completely a modern invention." In 1990, Mayanist scholars Linda Schele and David Freidel argued that the Maya "did not conceive this to be the end of creation, as many have suggested".Schele Freidel 1990 81–82, 430–431 Susan Milbrath, curator of Latin American Art and Archaeology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, stated that, "We have no record or knowledge that [the Maya] would think the world would come to an end" in 2012. Sandra Noble, executive director of the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, said, "For the ancient Maya, it was a huge celebration to make it to the end of a whole cycle," and, "The 2012 phenomenon is a complete fabrication and a chance for a lot of people to cash in." "There will be another cycle," said E. Wyllys Andrews V, director of the Tulane University Middle American Research Institute. "We know the Maya thought there was one before this, and that implies they were comfortable with the idea of another one after this." Commenting on the new calendar found at Xultún, one archaeologist said "The ancient Maya predicted the world would continue—that 7,000 years from now, things would be exactly like this. We keep looking for endings. The Maya were looking for a guarantee that nothing would change. It's an entirely different mindset." Several prominent individuals representing Maya of Guatemala decried the suggestion that the world would end with the 13th bʼakʼtun. Ricardo Cajas, president of the Colectivo de Organizaciones Indígenas de Guatemala, said the date did not represent an end of humanity but that the new cycle "supposes changes in human consciousness". Martín Sacalxot, of the office of Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman (Procurador de los Derechos Humanos), said that the end of the calendar has nothing to do with the end of the world or the year 2012. Prior associations The European association of the Maya with eschatology dates back to the time of Christopher Columbus, who was compiling a work called Libro de las profecías during the voyage in 1502 when he first heard about the "Maia" on Guanaja, an island off the north coast of Honduras.Hoopes 2011 Influenced by the writings of Bishop Pierre d'Ailly, Columbus believed that his discovery of "most distant" lands (and, by extension, the Maya themselves) was prophesied and would bring about the Apocalypse. End-times fears were widespread during the early years of the Spanish Conquest as the result of popular astrological predictions in Europe of a second Great Flood for the year 1524. In the 1900s, German scholar Ernst Förstemann interpreted the last page of the Dresden Codex as a representation of the end of the world in a cataclysmic flood. He made reference to the destruction of the world and an apocalypse, though he made no reference to the 13th bʼakʼtun or 2012 and it was not clear that he was referring to a future event.Förstemann 1906: 264 His ideas were repeated by archaeologist Sylvanus Morley,Morley 1915: 32 who directly paraphrased Förstemann and added his own embellishments, writing, "Finally, on the last page of the manuscript, is depicted the Destruction of the World ... Here, indeed, is portrayed with a graphic touch the final all-engulfing cataclysm" in the form of a great flood. These comments were later repeated in Morley's book, The Ancient Maya, the first edition of which was published in 1946. Maya references to bʼakʼtun 13 It is not certain what significance the classic Maya gave to the 13th bʼakʼtun. Most classic Maya inscriptions are strictly historical and do not make any prophetic declarations. Two items in the Maya classical corpus do mention the end of the 13th bʼakʼtun: Tortuguero Monument 6 and La Corona Hieroglyphic Stairway 12. Tortuguero The Tortuguero site, which lies in southernmost Tabasco, Mexico, dates from the 7th century AD and consists of a series of inscriptions mostly in honor of the contemporary ruler Bahlam Ahau. One inscription, known as Tortuguero Monument 6, is the only inscription known to refer to bʼakʼtun 13 in any detail. It has been partially defaced; Sven Gronemeyer and Barbara MacLeod have given this translation: {{verse translation|lang=myn| tzuhtzjo꞉m uy-u꞉xlaju꞉n pik chan ajaw u꞉x uni꞉w uhto꞉m il[?] yeʼni/ye꞉n bolon yokte' ta chak joyaj | It will be completed the 13th bʼakʼtun. It is 4 Ajaw 3 Kʼankʼin and it will happen a 'seeingʼ[?]. It is the display of Bʼolon-Yoktein a great "investiture".Gronemeyer MacLeod 2010 8 }} thumb|upright|The Tortuguero monument connects the end of the 13th bʼakʼtun with the appearance of Bʼolon Yokteʼ Kʼuh, shown here on the Vase of Seven Gods.|alt=Vase illustration in which the god Bolon Yukte is seen in profile, kneeling with his head back and his mouth open. He wears an elaborate feather headdress. Very little is known about the god Bʼolon Yokteʼ. According to an article by Mayanists Markus Eberl and Christian Prager in British Anthropological Reports, his name is composed of the elements "nine", ʼOK-teʼ (the meaning of which is unknown), and "god". Confusion in classical period inscriptions suggests that the name was already ancient and unfamiliar to contemporary scribes. He also appears in inscriptions from Palenque, Usumacinta, and La Mar as a god of war, conflict, and the underworld. In one stele he is portrayed with a rope tied around his neck, and in another with an incense bag, together signifying a sacrifice to end a cycle of years. Based on observations of modern Maya rituals, Gronemeyer and MacLeod claim that the stela refers to a celebration in which a person portraying Bolon Yokteʼ Kʼuh was wrapped in ceremonial garments and paraded around the site.Gronemeyer MacLeod 2010 11, 36–37MacLeod 2011 They note that the association of Bolon Yokteʼ Kʼuh with bʼakʼtun 13 appears to be so important on this inscription that it supersedes more typical celebrations such as "erection of stelae, scattering of incense" and so forth. Furthermore, they assert that this event was indeed planned for 2012 and not the 7th century.Gronemeyer MacLeod 2010 24, 35 Mayanist scholar Stephen Houston contests this view by arguing that future dates on Maya inscriptions were simply meant to draw parallels with contemporary events, and that the words on the stela describe a contemporary rather than a future scene. La Corona In April–May 2012, a team of archaeologists unearthed a previously unknown inscription on a stairway at the La Corona site in Guatemala. The inscription, on what is known as Hieroglyphic Stairway 12, describes the establishment of a royal court in Calakmul in 635 AD, and compares the then-recent completion of 13 kʼatuns with the future completion of the 13th bʼakʼtun. It contains no speculation or prophecy as to what the scribes believed would happen at that time. Notes on a New Text from La Corona David Stuart https://mayadecipherment.com/2012/06/30/notes-on-a-new-text-from-la-corona/ 2012 6 September 2026 Dates beyond bʼakʼtun 13 Maya inscriptions occasionally mention predicted future events or commemorations that would occur on dates far beyond the completion of the 13th bʼakʼtun. Most of these are in the form of "distance dates"; Long Count dates together with an additional number, known as a Distance Number, which when added to them makes a future date. On the west panel at the Temple of Inscriptions in Palenque, a section of text projects forward to the 80th 52-year Calendar Round from the coronation of the ruler Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal. Pakal's accession occurred on 9.9.2.4.8, equivalent to 27 July 615 AD in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. The inscription begins with Pakal's birthdate of 9.8.9.13.0 (24 March, 603 AD Gregorian) and then adds the Distance Number 10.11.10.5.8 to it,Schele 1992 93–95 arriving at a date of 21 October 4772 AD, more than 4,000 years after Pakal's time.Schele 1992 93–95Schele Freidel 1990 430 Another example is Stela 1 at Coba which marks the date of creation as 13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.13.0.0.0.0, or nineteen units above the bʼakʼtun. According to Linda Schele, these 13s represent "the starting point of a huge odometer of time", with each acting as a zero and resetting to 1 as the numbers increase.Schele Freidel 1990 81–82, 430–431fn1 Thus this inscription anticipates the current universe lasting at least 2021×13×360 days, or roughly 2.687×1028 years; a time span equal to 2 quintillion times the age of the universe as determined by cosmologists. Others have suggested that this date marks creation as having occurred after that time span.Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography Wagner, Elizabeth Grube, Nikolai Maya: Divine Kings of the Rainforest 283 2000 Konemann 978-3-8290-4150-8Aveni 2009 49 In 2012, researchers announced the discovery of a series of Maya astronomical tables in Xultún, Guatemala which plot the movements of the Moon and other astronomical bodies over the course of 17 bʼakʼtuns. Vance Eric Unprecedented Maya Mural Found, Contradicts 2012 "Doomsday" Myth National Geographic 10 May 2012 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120510-maya-2012-doomsday-calendar-end-of-world-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120511180248/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120510-maya-2012-doomsday-calendar-end-of-world-science/ dead 11 May 2012 11 May 2012 Science 11 May 2012 336 6082 714–717 10.1126/science.1221444 Ancient Maya Astronomical Tables from Xultun, Guatemala William A. Saturno David Stuart Anthony F. Aveni Franco Rossi 27369143 2012Sci...336..714S 22582260 No hint of world's end in oldest Mayan calendar Australian Broadcasting Corporation 11 May 2012 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-11/early-mayan-calendar-found/4004686 18 May 2012 New Age beliefs Many assertions about the year 2012 form part of Mayanism, a non-codified collection of New Age beliefs about ancient Maya wisdom and spirituality. Hoopes, John W. A Critical History of 2012 Mythology Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/79139/hoopes-2011-critical-history-2012-mythology.pdf 7 2011a 240–248 10.1017/S174392131101266X 2011IAUS..278..240H free Hoopes, John W. Review – The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012, by Anthony Aveni and 2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, by Mark Van Stone Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture 22 2009 139–145 0190-9940 http://markvanstone.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Hoopes-2009-Review-of-Aveni-Van-Stone.pdf Hoopes, John W. Mayanism Comes of (New) Age Joseph Gelfer 2012: Decoding the Counterculture Apocalypse 2011b Equinox Publishing London 978-1-84553-639-8 38–59 Gelfer, Joseph 2011 2012: Decoding the Counterculture Apocalypse London Equinox Publishing 978-1-84553-639-8 The term is distinct from "Mayanist", used to refer to an academic scholar of the Maya.Jenkins 2009: 223–229 Archaeoastronomer Anthony Aveni says that while the idea of "balancing the cosmos" was prominent in ancient Maya literature, the 2012 phenomenon did not draw from those traditions. Instead, it was bound up with American concepts such as the New Age movement, 2012 millenarianism, and the belief in secret knowledge from distant times and places.Aveni 2009 32–33, 156–157 Themes found in 2012 literature included "suspicion towards mainstream Western culture", the idea of spiritual evolution, and the possibility of leading the world into the New Age by individual example or by a group's joined consciousness. The general intent of this literature was not to warn of impending doom but "to foster counter-cultural sympathies and eventually socio-political and 'spiritual' activism". Aveni, who has studied New Age and search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) communities, describes 2012 narratives as the product of a "disconnected" society: "Unable to find spiritual answers to life's big questions within ourselves, we turn outward to imagined entities that lie far off in space or time—entities that just might be in possession of superior knowledge."Aveni 2009 161 Origins In 1975, the ending of bʼakʼtun 13 became the subject of speculation by several New Age authors, who asserted it would correspond with a global "transformation of consciousness". In Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth Age of Consciousness, Frank Waters tied Coe's original date of 24 December 2011fn2 to astrology and the prophecies of the Hopi, while both José Argüelles (in The Transformative Vision) and Terence McKenna (in The Invisible Landscape) discussed the significance of the year 2012 without mentioning a specific day. Some researchCowan Tommy P What Most People Would Call Evil: The Archontic Spirituality of William S. Burroughs La Rosa di Paracelso: Rivista di Studi sull'Esoterismo Occidentale 2018 2 1–2 83–122 http://www.larosadiparacelso.com/index.php/rosa/article/view/44/60 15 March 2020 19 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220319091324/http://www.larosadiparacelso.com/index.php/rosa/article/view/44/60 dead suggests that both Argüelles and McKenna were heavily influenced in this regard by the Mayanism of American author William S. Burroughs, who first portrayed the end of the Mayan Long Count as an apocalyptic shift of human consciousness in 1960's The Exterminator.Cowan Tommy P What Most People Would Call Evil: The Archontic Spirituality of William S. Burroughs La Rosa di Paracelso: Rivista di Studi sull'Esoterismo Occidentale 2018 2 1–2 85–93 http://www.larosadiparacelso.com/index.php/rosa/article/view/44/60 15 March 2020 19 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220319091324/http://www.larosadiparacelso.com/index.php/rosa/article/view/44/60 dead In 1983, with the publication of Robert J. Sharer's revised table of date correlations in the 4th edition of Morley's The Ancient Maya,fn2 each became convinced that 21 December 2012 had significant meaning. By 1987, the year in which he organized the Harmonic Convergence event, Argüelles was using the date 21 December 2012 in The Mayan Factor: Path Beyond Technology. He claimed that on 13 August 3113 BC the Earth began a passage through a "galactic synchronization beam" that emanated from the center of our galaxy, that it would pass through this beam during a period of 5200 tuns (Maya cycles of 360 days each), and that this beam would result in "total synchronization" and "galactic entrainment" of individuals "plugged into the Earth's electromagnetic battery" by 13.0.0.0.0 (21 December 2012). He believed that the Maya aligned their calendar to correspond to this phenomenon. Anthony Aveni has dismissed all of these ideas.Aveni 2009 17–27 In 2001, Robert Bast wrote the first online articles regarding the possibility of a doomsday in 2012.http://www.survive2012.com/ Survive2012.com homepage 15 May 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20010515214545/http://www.survive2012.com/ 15 May 2001 live In 2006, author Daniel Pinchbeck popularized New Age concepts about this date in his book 2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl, linking bʼakʼtun 13 to beliefs in crop circles, alien abduction, and personal revelations based on the use of hallucinogenic drugs and mediumship. Pinchbeck claims to discern a "growing realization that materialism and the rational, empirical worldview that comes with it has reached its expiration date ... [w]e're on the verge of transitioning to a dispensation of consciousness that's more intuitive, mystical and shamanic". Galactic alignment There is no significant astronomical event tied to the Long Count's start date.Aveni 2009 83 Its supposed end date was tied to astronomical phenomena by esoteric, fringe, and New Age literature that placed great significance on astrology, especially astrological interpretations associated with the phenomenon of axial precession. Chief among these ideas is the astrological concept of a "galactic alignment". Precession In the Solar System, the planets and the Sun lie roughly within the same flat plane, known as the plane of the ecliptic. From our perspective on Earth, the ecliptic is the path taken by the Sun across the sky over the course of the year. The twelve constellations that line the ecliptic are known as the zodiacal constellations, and, annually, the Sun passes through all of them in turn. Additionally, over time, the Sun's annual cycle appears to recede very slowly backward by one degree every 72 years, or by one constellation approximately every 2,160 years. This backward movement, called "precession", is due to a slight wobble in the Earth's axis as it spins, and can be compared to the way a spinning top wobbles as it slows down. Over the course of 25,800 years, a period often called a Great Year, the Sun's path completes a full, 360-degree backward rotation through the zodiac. In Western astrological traditions, precession is measured from the March equinox, one of the two annual points at which the Sun is exactly halfway between its lowest and highest points in the sky. At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, the Sun's March equinox position was in the constellation Pisces moving back into Aquarius. This signaled the end of one astrological age (the Age of Pisces) and the beginning of another (the Age of Aquarius).Spencer 2000 115–127 Similarly, the Sun's December solstice position (in the northern hemisphere, the lowest point on its annual path; in the southern hemisphere, the highest) was in the constellation of Sagittarius, one of two constellations in which the zodiac intersects with the Milky Way. Every year, on the December solstice, the Sun and the Milky Way, appear (from the surface of the Earth) to come into alignment, and every year precession caused a slight shift in the Sun's position in the Milky Way. Given that the Milky Way is between 10° and 20° wide, it takes between 700 and 1,400 years for the Sun's December solstice position to precess through it. In 2012 it was about halfway through the Milky Way, crossing the galactic equator. In 2012, the Sun's December solstice fell on 21 December. Mysticism thumb|upright=1.5|The Milky Way near Cygnus showing the lane of the Dark Rift, which the Maya called the Xibalba be or "Black Road"|alt=a photograph of the Milky Way, rotated 90 degrees Mystical speculations about the precession of the equinoxes and the Sun's proximity to the center of the Milky Way appeared in Hamlet's Mill (1969) by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Deschend. These were quoted and expanded upon by Terence and Dennis McKenna in The Invisible Landscape (1975). Adherents to the idea, following a theory first proposed by Munro Edmonson,Edmonson 1988 119 alleged that the Maya based their calendar on observations of the Great Rift or Dark Rift, a band of dark dust clouds in the Milky Way, which, according to some scholars, the Maya called the Xibalba be or "Black Road". John Major Jenkins claims that the Maya were aware of where the ecliptic intersected the Black Road and gave this position in the sky a special significance in their cosmology. Jenkins said that precession would align the Sun precisely with the galactic equator at the 2012 winter solstice. Jenkins claimed that the classical Maya anticipated this conjunction and celebrated it as the harbinger of a profound spiritual transition for mankind. New Age proponents of the galactic alignment hypothesis argued that, just as astrology uses the positions of stars and planets to make claims of future events, the Maya plotted their calendars with the objective of preparing for significant world events. Jenkins attributed the insights of ancient Maya shamans about the Galactic Center to their use of psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive toads, and other psychedelics. Jenkins also associated the Xibalba be with a "world tree", drawing on studies of contemporary (not ancient) Maya cosmology.Aveni 2009 62 Criticism Astronomers such as David Morrison argue that the galactic equator is an entirely arbitrary line and can never be precisely drawn, because it is impossible to determine the Milky Way's exact boundaries, which vary depending on clarity of view. Jenkins claimed he drew his conclusions about the location of the galactic equator from observations taken at above 11000 ft m, an altitude that gives a clearer image of the Milky Way than the Maya had access to. Furthermore, since the Sun is half a degree wide, its solstice position takes 36 years to precess its full width. Jenkins himself noted that even given his determined location for the line of the galactic equator, its most precise convergence with the center of the Sun already occurred in 1998, and so asserts that, rather than 2012, the galactic alignment instead focuses on a multi-year period centered in 1998. There is no clear evidence that the classic Maya were aware of precession. Some Maya scholars, such as Barbara MacLeod,MacLeod 2011 Michael Grofe, Eva Hunt, Gordon Brotherston, and Anthony Aveni, have suggested that some Mayan holy dates were timed to precessional cycles, but scholarly opinion on the subject remains divided. There is also little evidence, archaeological or historical, that the Maya placed any importance on solstices or equinoxes. It is possible that only the earliest among Mesoamericans observed solstices,Aveni 2009 54–55, citing Aveni Hartung 2000. but this is also a disputed issue among Mayanists. There is also no evidence that the classic Maya attached any importance to the Milky Way; there is no glyph in their writing system to represent it, and no astronomical or chronological table tied to it.Aveni 2009 57 Timewave zero and the I Ching Terence McKenna#Novelty theory and Timewave Zero thumb|A screenshot of the "Timewave Zero" software|alt=a greyscale graph with multiple, jagged peaks and troughs and an overall descending pattern, set amidst complex virtual instrumentation "Timewave zero" is a numerological formula that purports to calculate the ebb and flow of "novelty", defined as increase over time in the universe's interconnectedness, or organized complexity. Terence McKenna claimed that the universe has a teleological attractor at the end of time that increases interconnectedness. He believed this which would eventually reach a singularity of infinite complexity in 2012, at which point anything and everything imaginable would occur simultaneously. He conceived this idea over several years in the early to mid-1970s whilst using psilocybin mushrooms and DMT. The scientific community considers novelty theory to be pseudoscience.Bruce A. 2009 2012: Science Or Superstition (the Definitive Guide to the Doomsday Phenomenon) The Disinformation Company https://books.google.com/books?id=N-rVUCO4YyYC&pg=PA261 978-1-934708-51-4 2012: Prophet of nonsense #8: Terence McKenna – Novelty theory and timewave zero Normark Johan Archaeological Haecceities 16 June 2009 http://haecceities.wordpress.com/2009/06/16/2012-prophet-of-nonsense-8-terence-mckenna%E2%80%93-novelty-theory-and-timewave-zero/ McKenna expressed "novelty" in a computer program which produces a waveform known as "timewave zero" or the "timewave". Based on McKenna's interpretation of the King Wen sequence of the I Ching, an ancient Chinese book on divination, the graph purports to show great periods of novelty corresponding with major shifts in humanity's biological and sociocultural evolution. He believed that the events of any given time are resonantly related to the events of other times, and chose the atomic bombing of Hiroshima as the basis for calculating his end date of November 2012. When he later discovered this date's proximity to the end of the 13th bʼakʼtun of the Maya calendar, he revised his hypothesis so that the two dates matched. The 1975 first edition of The Invisible Landscape referred to 2012 (but no specific day during the year) only twice. In the 1993 second edition, McKenna employed Sharer's datefn2 of 21 December 2012 throughout. Novelty theory has been criticized for "rejecting countless ideas presumed as factual by the scientific community", depending "solely on numerous controversial deductions that contradict empirical logic", and encompassing "no suitable indication of truth", with the conclusion that novelty theory is a pseudoscience.Smith II D. A. The TimeWave-Zero Apocalypse Theory http://www.scientiareview.org/pdfs/328.pdf The Scientia Review 11 August 2022 24 January 2014 21 October 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161021084501/http://www.scientiareview.org/pdfs/328.pdf dead Doomsday theories thumb|Sagittarius A*, taken by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory|alt=A white, glowing, cloudlike feature lies surrounded by bright blue stars in a brownish, golden nebula The idea that the year 2012 presaged a world cataclysm, the end of the world, or the end of human civilization, became a subject of popular media speculation as the date of 21 December 2012 approached. This idea was promulgated by many pages on the Internet, particularly on YouTube. The Discovery Channel was criticized for its "quasi-documentaries" about the subject that "sacrifice[d] accuracy for entertainment".http://www.pressconnects.com/article/20121210/NEWS01/312110007/Cornell-Maya-expert-World-probably-won-t-end-Dec-21?odyssey=nav%7Chead Cornell Maya expert: World probably won't end Dec. 21 D. W. Nutt Press & Sun-Bulletin Gannet 21 December 2012October 2015 yes Other alignments Some people interpreted the galactic alignment apocalyptically, claiming that its occurrence would somehow create a combined gravitational effect between the Sun and the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy (known as Sagittarius A*), creating havoc on Earth. Apart from the "galactic alignment" already having happened in 1998, the Sun's apparent path through the zodiac as seen from Earth did not take it near the true galactic center, but rather several degrees above it. Even were this not the case, Sagittarius A* is 30,000 light years from Earth; it would have to have been more than 6 million times closer to cause any gravitational disruption to Earth's Solar System. This reading of the alignment was included on the History Channel documentary Decoding the Past. John Major Jenkins complained that a science fiction writer co-authored the documentary, and he went on to characterize it as "45 minutes of unabashed doomsday hype and the worst kind of inane sensationalism". Some believers in a 2012 doomsday used the term "galactic alignment" to describe a different phenomenon proposed by some scientists to explain a pattern in mass extinctions supposedly observed in the fossil record. According to the Shiva hypothesis, mass extinctions are not random, but recur every 26 million years. To account for this, it was suggested that vertical oscillations made by the Sun on its 250-million-year orbit of the galactic center cause it to regularly pass through the galactic plane. When the Sun's orbit takes it outside the galactic plane which bisects the galactic disc, the influence of the galactic tide is weaker. When re-entering the galactic disc—as it does every 20–25 million years—it comes under the influence of the far stronger "disc tides", which, according to mathematical models, increase the flux of Oort cloud comets into the inner Solar System by a factor of 4, thus leading to a massive increase in the likelihood of a devastating comet impact. This "alignment" takes place over tens of millions of years, and could never be timed to an exact date. Evidence shows that the Sun passed through the plane bisecting the galactic disc three million years ago and in 2012 was moving farther above it. A third suggested alignment was some sort of planetary conjunction occurring on 21 December 2012; there was no conjunction on that date. Multi-planet alignments did occur in both 2000 and 2010, each with no ill result for the Earth. Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, being larger than all other planets combined. When Jupiter is near opposition, the difference in gravitational force that the Earth experiences is less than 1% of the force that the Earth feels daily from the Moon. Geomagnetic reversal Another idea tied to 2012 involved a geomagnetic reversal (often referred to as a pole shift by proponents), possibly triggered by a massive solar flare, that would release an energy equal to 100 billion atomic bombs. This belief was supposedly supported by observations that the Earth's magnetic field was weakening, which could precede a reversal of the north and south magnetic poles, and the arrival of the next solar maximum, which was expected sometime around 2012.Solar Storm Warning NASA https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/10mar_stormwarning/ 2006 22 December 2012 17 June 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190617104232/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/10mar_stormwarning/ dead Most scientific estimates say that geomagnetic reversals take between 1,000 and 10,000 years to complete, Merrill Ronald T. McElhinny Michael W. McFadden Philip L. The magnetic field of the earth: paleomagnetism, the core, and the deep mantle Academic Press 1998 978-0-12-491246-5 and do not start on any particular date. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted that the solar maximum would peak in late 2013 or 2014, and that it would be fairly weak, with a below-average number of sunspots.Solar Maximum: Three Solar Flares And A Coronal Mass Ejection As The Sun Reaches Peak Solar Activity NASA http://www.ibtimes.com/solar-maximum-three-solar-flares-coronal-mass-ejection-sun-reaches-peak-solar-activity-1442608 2013 14 November 2013 There was no scientific evidence linking a solar maximum to a geomagnetic reversal, which is driven by forces entirely within the Earth. A solar maximum does affect satellite and cellular phone communications. David Morrison attributed the rise of the solar storm idea to physicist and science popularizer Michio Kaku, who claimed in an interview with Fox News that a solar peak in 2012 could be disastrous for orbiting satellites, and to NASA's headlining a 2006 webpage as "Solar Storm Warning", a term later repeated on several doomsday pages. On 23 July 2012, a massive, potentially damaging, solar storm came within nine days of striking Earth.Phillips Dr. Tony Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012 https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm/ 23 July 2014 NASA 26 July 2014 Staff Video (04:03) – Carrington-class coronal mass ejection narrowly misses Earth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukQhycKOFw https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/7ukQhycKOFw 2 November 2021 live 28 April 2014 NASA 26 July 2014 Planet X/Nibiru Nibiru cataclysm Some believers in a 2012 doomsday claimed that a planet called Planet X, or Nibiru, would collide with or pass by the Earth. This idea, which had appeared in various forms since 1995, initially predicted Doomsday in May 2003, but proponents abandoned that date after it passed without incident. The idea originated from claims of channeling alien beings and is widely ridiculed.Schilling 2008 111 Astronomers calculated that such an object so close to Earth would be visible to anyone looking up at the night sky. Other catastrophes thumb|right|The Pleiades, a star cluster with supposed influence sometimes tied to the 2012 event|alt=The Pleiades star cluster Author Graham Hancock, in his book Fingerprints of the Gods, interpreted Coe's remarks in Breaking the Maya CodeCoe 1992 275–276 as evidence for the prophecy of a global cataclysm. Filmmaker Roland Emmerich later credited the book with inspiring his 2009 disaster film 2012. http://chicagoscifi.com/movies/0011/presskit_pages/credits.pdf 2012 (2009) – Credit List 25 November 2009 chicagoscifi.com 1 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120301092053/http://chicagoscifi.com/movies/0011/presskit_pages/credits.pdf dead Other speculations regarding doomsday in 2012 included predictions by the Web Bot project, a computer program that purports to predict the future by analyzing Internet chatter. Commentators have rejected claims that the bot is able to predict natural disasters, as opposed to human-caused disasters like stock market crashes. The 2012 date was also loosely tied to the long-running concept of the photon belt''', which predicted a form of interaction between Earth and Alcyone, the largest star of the Pleiades cluster. Critics argued that photons cannot form belts, that the Pleiades, located more than 400 light years away, could have no effect on Earth, and that the Solar System, rather than getting closer to the Pleiades, was in fact moving farther away from it. Some media outlets tied the fact that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse would undergo a supernova at some point in the future to the 2012 phenomenon.http://www.news.com.au/technology/sci-tech/tatooines-twin-suns-coming-to-a-planet-near-you-just-as-soon-as-betelgeuse-explodes/story-fn5fsgyc-1225991009247 Tatooine's twin suns – coming to a planet near you just as soon as Betelgeuse explodes Connelly Claire news.com.au 19 January 2011 14 September 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120922083805/http://www.news.com.au/technology/sci-tech/tatooines-twin-suns-coming-to-a-planet-near-you-just-as-soon-as-betelgeuse-explodes/story-fn5fsgyc-1225991009247 22 September 2012 While Betelgeuse was certainly in the final stages of its life, and would die as a supernova, there was no way to predict the timing of the event to within 100,000 years. To be a threat to Earth, a supernova would need to be no further than 25 light years from the Solar System. Betelgeuse is roughly 600 light years away, and so its supernova would not affect Earth. In December 2011, NASA's Francis Reddy issued a press release debunking the possibility of a supernova occurring in 2012. 2012: Fear No Supernova NASA Reddy Francis http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-supernova.html 2011 23 January 2012 Another claim involved alien invasion. In December 2010, an article, first published in examiner.com and later referenced in the English-language edition of Pravda claimed, citing a Second Digitized Sky Survey photograph as evidence, that SETI had detected three large spacecraft due to arrive at Earth in 2012. Astronomer and debunker Phil Plait noted that by using the small-angle formula, one could determine that if the object in the photo were as large as claimed, it would have had to be closer to Earth than the Moon, which would mean it would already have arrived. In January 2011, Seth Shostak, chief astronomer of SETI, issued a press release debunking the claims. Public reaction The phenomenon spread widely after coming to public notice, particularly on the Internet, and hundreds of thousands of websites made reference to it. "Ask an Astrobiologist", a NASA public outreach website, received over 5,000 questions from the public on the subject from 2007, some asking whether they should kill themselves, their children or their pets. In May 2012, an Ipsos poll of 16,000 adults in 21 countries found that 8 percent had experienced fear or anxiety over the possibility of the world ending in December 2012, while an average of 10 percent agreed with the statement "the Mayan calendar, which some say 'ends' in 2012, marks the end of the world", with responses as high as 20 percent in China, 13 percent in Russia, Turkey, Japan and Korea, and 12 percent in the United States. One in Seven (14%) Global Citizens Believe End of the World is Coming in Their Lifetime Ipsos 2012 https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/one-seven-14-global-citizens-believe-end-world-coming-their-lifetime 12 February 2022 25 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180425025212/https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/one-seven-14-global-citizens-believe-end-world-coming-their-lifetime dead At least one suicide was directly linked to fear of a 2012 apocalypse, Teenager who feared the world was about to end This isBath Western Daily Press 18 May 2012 http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/Teenager-feared-world-end/story-16119760-detail/story.html 22 August 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120605105037/http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/Teenager-feared-world-end/story-16119760-detail/story.html 5 June 2012 with others anecdotally reported. Jared Lee Loughner, the perpetrator of the 2011 Tucson shooting, followed 2012-related predictions.What We Know About Jared Lee Loughner John Hudson The Atlantic https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/01/what-we-know-about-jared-lee-loughner/342711/ 2011 16 December 2019 A panel of scientists questioned on the topic at a plenary session at the Astronomical Society of the Pacific contended that the Internet played a substantial role in allowing this doomsday date to gain more traction than previous similar panics. Cosmophobia and the End of the World NASA Lunar Science Institute http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/cosmophobia/ 22 August 2012 Europe thumb|upright=1.35|Pic de Bugarach, Camps-sur-l'Agly, France; a target of "esoterics" who believed that some great transition would occur in 2012|alt=A small village in a green field stands before a low, blue mountain peak thumb|upright=1.35|Şirince, İzmir Province, Turkey, a village of around 560 inhabitants, has a "positive energy" according to some doomsday cultists, who say that it is close to an area where Catholics believe the Virgin Mary was assumed into Heaven.|alt=a small village of blue houses, next to a mountain Beginning in 2000, the small French village of Bugarach, population 189, began receiving visits from "esoterics"—mystic believers who had concluded that the local mountain, Pic de Bugarach, was the ideal location to weather the transformative events of 2012. In 2011, the local mayor, Jean-Pierre Delord, began voicing fears to the international press that the small town would be overwhelmed by an influx of thousands of visitors in 2012, even suggesting he might call in the army. "We've seen a huge rise in visitors", Delord told The Independent in March 2012. "Already this year more than 20,000 people have climbed right to the top, and last year we had 10,000 hikers, which was a significant rise on the previous 12 months. They think Pic de Bugarach is 'un garage à ovnis' [a garage for UFOs]. The villagers are exasperated: the exaggerated importance of something which they see as completely removed from reality is bewildering. After 21 December, this will surely return to normal." In December 2012, the French government placed 100 police and firefighters around both Bugarach and Pic de Bugarach, limiting access to potential visitors.Mayan Doomsday: French Police Block Access to Survivors' Refuge Pic de Bugarach Hanna Osborne International Business Times http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/407669/20121122/mayan-prophecy-doomsday-pic-de-bugarach-aliens.htm 13 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121129090241/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/407669/20121122/mayan-prophecy-doomsday-pic-de-bugarach-aliens.htm 29 November 2012 Ultimately, only about 1,000 visitors appeared at the height of the "event". Two raves were foiled, 12 people had to be turned away from the peak, and 5 people were arrested for carrying weapons.Bugarach is slowly regaining its peace Alexandra Guillet TFI News http://lci.tf1.fr/france/societe/bugarach-retrouve-peu-a-peu-sa-tranquillite-7741505.html 2012 22 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121222124312/http://lci.tf1.fr/france/societe/bugarach-retrouve-peu-a-peu-sa-tranquillite-7741505.html 22 December 2012 Jean-Pierre Delord was criticised by members of the community for failing to take advantage of the media attention and promote the region.Chronic end of the world: Bugarach, the Apocalypse can pay big ... or not France 24 http://www.france24.com/fr/20121221-france-insolite-chronique-fin-monde-bugarach-apocalypse-peut-rapporter-gros-pas 2012 22 December 2012 The Turkish village of Şirince, near Ephesus, expected to receive over 60,000 visitors on 21 December 2012, as New Age mystics believed its "positive energy" would aid in weathering the catastrophe.Mayan Apocalypse 2012: Sirince, Turkish Village, Flooded By Doomsday Believers Agence France-Presse https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/11/mayan-apocalypse-sirince-turkey_n_2275904.html 13 December 2012 Huffington Post Cosima Ungaro 11 December 2012 Only a fraction of that number actually arrived, with a substantial component being police and journalists, and the expected windfall failed to materialise.Şirince misses crowds on Dec 21 'doomsday' Hürriyet Daily News 2012 http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/sirince-misses-crowds-on-dec-21-doomsday.aspx?pageID=238&nID=37418&NewsCatID=341 22 December 2012 Similarly, the pyramid-like mountain of Rtanj, in the Serbian Carpathians, attracted attention, due to rumors that it would emit a powerful force shield on the day, protecting those in the vicinity. Hotels around the base were full.https://abcnews.go.com/International/apocalypse-believers-flock-pyramid-shaped-mountain-peak/story?id=17960120 Apocalypse Believers Flock to Pyramid Shaped Mountain Peak ABC News Dragana Jovanovic 13 December 2012 10 April 2020 In Russia, inmates of a women's prison experienced "a collective mass psychosis" in the weeks leading up to the supposed doomsday, while residents of a factory town near Moscow reportedly emptied a supermarket of matches, candles, food and other supplies. The Minister of Emergency Situations declared in response that according to "methods of monitoring what is occurring on the planet Earth", there would be no apocalypse in December.In Panicky Russia, It's Official: End of World Is Not Near https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/europe/mayan-end-of-world-stirs-panic-in-russia-and-elsewhere.html Ellen Barry The New York Times 13 December 2012 1 December 2012 When asked when the world would end in a press conference, Russian President Vladimir Putin said, "In about 4.5 billion years." Putin offers alternative to Mayan prophecy for date of apocalypse Miriam Elder The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/vladimir-putin-mayan-apocalypse-prophecy 21 December 2012 London 20 December 2012 In December 2012, Vatican astronomer Rev. José Funes wrote in the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano that apocalyptic theories around 2012 were "not even worth discussing". http://www.3news.co.nz/World-not-ending-despite-Maya-prediction---Vatican/tabid/417/articleID/280105/Default.aspx 3 News NZ Vatican assures world not ending 12 December 2012 11 December 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130922193531/http://www.3news.co.nz/World-not-ending-despite-Maya-prediction---Vatican/tabid/417/articleID/280105/Default.aspx 22 September 2013 dead dmy-all Asia and Australia In May 2011, 5,000-7,000 Hmong ethnic people in Dien Bien province, Vietnam held a protest on the grounds that the end of the world was coming, and the Hmong people would be evacuated to their own Hmong country by "supernatural force". The Vietnamese media and government believe that this is a trick of the Hmong ethnic separatist forces.Vietnam: Thousands of Hmong stage rare Vietnam protest Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE7450Q1/ 26 March 2024 6 May 2011 In China, up to a thousand members of the Christian cult Almighty God were arrested after claiming that the end of bʼakʼtun 13 marked the end of the world, and that it was time to overthrow Communism.Almost 1,000 doomsday cult members arrested in China BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-20794276 21 December 2012 20 December 2012Dunn Emily November 2016 Reincarnated Religion? The Eschatology of the Church of Almighty God in Comparative Perspective Studies in World Christianity en 22 3 216–233 10.3366/swc.2016.0157 Shoppers were reported to be hoarding supplies of candles in anticipation of coming darkness, while online retailer Taobao sold tickets to board Noah's Ark to customers."大劫"将至 中国出现末日喧嚣, cn.wsj.com Bookings for wedding ceremonies on 21 December 2012 were saturated in several cities. On 14 December 2012, a man in Henan province attacked and wounded twenty-three children with a knife. Authorities suspected the man had been "influenced" by the prediction of the upcoming apocalypse.Chinese police suspect man who stabbed 23 kids 'influenced' by doomsday rumor Ford, Peter The Christian Science Monitor December 2012 https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2012/1217/Chinese-police-suspect-man-who-stabbed-23-kids-influenced-by-doomsday-rumor 17 December 2012 Academics in China attributed the widespread belief in the 2012 doomsday in their country to a lack of scientific literacy and a mistrust of the government-controlled media. On 6 December 2012, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard delivered a hoax speech for the radio station triple J in which she declared "My dear remaining fellow Australians; the end of the world is coming. Whether the final blow comes from flesh-eating zombies, demonic hell-beasts or from the total triumph of K-Pop, if you know one thing about me it is this—I will always fight for you to the very end."https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebtj3gDaE64 https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/ebtj3gDaE64 2 November 2021 live PM Julia Gillard Addresses the End of the World 5 December 2012 www.youtube.com Radio announcer Neil Mitchell described the hoax as "immature" and pondered whether it demeaned her office.Neil Mitchell uncomfortable with 'immature' end of world video Ellen Feely 3AW693 2012 http://www.3aw.com.au/blogs/neil-mitchell-blog/neil-mitchell-uncomfortable-with-immature-end-of-world-video/20121206-2ax4z.html 6 January 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121209025222/http://www.3aw.com.au/blogs/neil-mitchell-blog/neil-mitchell-uncomfortable-with-immature-end-of-world-video/20121206-2ax4z.html 9 December 2012 Jasper Tsang, president of Hong Kong's Legislative Council, adjourned the legislature's sitting on 20 December 2012 by announcing that he "would not permit the world to end" as the legislature had to meet again in January 2013, to the laughter of MPs.29 October 2016 Hong Kong's former Legco president Jasper Tsang on chief executive candidates, Article 23, and Superman https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2041068/hong-kongs-former-legco-president-jasper-tsang-chief 30 August 2025 South China Morning Post enYeung Philip 7 November 2016 梁君彥說英語——完全沒有英國人的影子｜Philip Yeung｜01博評 https://www.hk01.com/article/52737/%E6%A2%81%E5%90%9B%E5%BD%A5%E8%AA%AA%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E-%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%AD%90-philip-yeung-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95 30 August 2025 香港01 zh-HK Mexico and Central America thumb|The Mayan Ruins of Iximche in Tecpán Guatemala on 21 December 2012 Mesoamerican countries that once formed part of the Maya civilization—Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador—all organized festivities to commemorate the end of bʼakʼtun 13 at the largest Maya sites. On 21 December 2011, the Maya town of Tapachula in Chiapas activated an eight-foot digital clock counting down the days until the end of bʼakʼtun 13. On 21 December 2012, major events took place at Chichén Itzá in Mexico and Tikal in Guatemala.http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/AldeaGlobal/miles-llegan-a-chichen-itza-con-la-esperanza-de-una-nueva-era-mejor.aspx Miles llegan a Chichén Itzá con la esperanza de una nueva era mejor es Thousands arrive to Chichén Itzá with the hope of a new better era Agence France-Presse La Nación (Costa Rica) 21 December 2012 22 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121221202223/http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/AldeaGlobal/miles-llegan-a-chichen-itza-con-la-esperanza-de-una-nueva-era-mejor.aspx 21 December 2012https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/world/americas/doomsday-fizzles-but-many-hail-a-new-era.html As Doomsday Flops, Rites in Ruins of Mayan Empire Randal C. Archibold The New York Times 21 December 2012 22 December 2012 In El Salvador, the largest event was held at Tazumal, and in Honduras, at Copán. In all of these archaeological sites, Maya rituals were held at dawn led by shamans and Maya priests.http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/AldeaGlobal/mayas-guatemaltecos-inician-ceremonia-de-fuego-para-recibir-nueva-era.aspx Mayas guatemaltecos inician ceremonia de fuego para recibir nueva era es Guatemalan Mayans begin fire ceremony to welcome new era Agence France-Presse La Nación (Costa Rica) 21 December 2012 22 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121221230410/http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/AldeaGlobal/mayas-guatemaltecos-inician-ceremonia-de-fuego-para-recibir-nueva-era.aspx 21 December 2012http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/12/21/salvadorenos-celebran-el-13-baktun-entre-danzas-ceremonias-y-deseos-de-paz/ Salvadoreños celebran el 13 Bʼaktun entre danzas, ceremonias y deseos de paz es Salvadoreans commemorate the Bʼaktun 13 with dancing, ceremonials and wishes for peace EFE Fox News Latino 22 December 2012 22 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130520070817/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/12/21/salvadorenos-celebran-el-13-baktun-entre-danzas-ceremonias-y-deseos-de-paz/ 20 May 2013http://www.elheraldo.hn/Secciones-Principales/Vida/Turistas-invaden-Copan-Ruinas-en-cierre-del-13-baktun Turistas invaden Copán Ruinas en cierre del 13 baktun es Tourists invade the Copan Ruins for the end of the baktun 13 Gustavo Banegas El Heraldo (Tegucigalpa) 22 December 2012 22 December 2012 thumb|upright=1.25|The Mayan fire ceremony held at dawn in Tikal on 21 December 2012, took place in the main plaza in front of the Temple of the Great Jaguar. On the final day of bʼakʼtun 13, residents of Yucatán and other regions formerly dominated by the ancient Maya celebrated what they saw as the dawn of a new, better era.Mayan Celebrations Held Across Latin America, As Baktun 13 Ends And New Era Begins (PHOTOS) Huffington Post https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/21/mayan-celebrations-held-across-latin-america_n_2348385.html 22 December 2012 Roque Planas 21 December 2012 According to official figures from Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), about 50,000 people visited Mexican archaeological sites on 21 December 2012. Of those, 10,000 visited Chichén Itzá in Yucatán, 9,900 visited Tulum in Quintana Roo, and 8,000 visited Palenque in Chiapas. An additional 10,000 people visited Teotihuacan near Mexico City, which is not a Maya site.http://yucatan.com.mx/temas/sin-incidentes-el-fin-del-baktun-13-inah https://web.archive.org/web/20121230213722/http://yucatan.com.mx/temas/sin-incidentes-el-fin-del-baktun-13-inah dead 30 December 2012 Sin incidentes el fin del Baktún 13: INAH es INAH: The end of Baktún 13 was without incidents Notimex Diario de Yucatán 22 December 2012 22 December 2012 The main ceremony in Chichén Itzá was held at dawn in the plaza of the Temple of Kukulkán, one of the principal symbols of Maya culture. The archaeological site was opened two hours early to receive thousands of tourists, mostly foreigners who came to participate in events scheduled for the end of bʼakʼtun 13. thumb|A fire ceremony and indigenous peoples' civil rights rally at Iximche on 21 December 2012 The fire ceremony at Tikal was held at dawn in the main plaza of the Temple of the Great Jaguar. The ceremony was led by Guatemalan and foreign priests. The President of Guatemala, Otto Pérez, and of Costa Rica, Laura Chinchilla, participated in the event as special guests. During the ceremony the priests asked for unity, peace and the end of discrimination and racism, with the hope that the start of a new cycle will be a "new dawn". About 3,000 people participated in the event.http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/Mundo/Celebraciones-marcan-el-cambio-de-era-del-calendario-maya.aspx Celebraciones marcan el cambio de era del calendario maya es Celebrations marking the change of the Mayan calendar era Agence France-Presse La Nación (Costa Rica) 21 December 2012 22 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121221231557/http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-21/Mundo/Celebraciones-marcan-el-cambio-de-era-del-calendario-maya.aspx 21 December 2012 Most of these events were organized by agencies of the Mexican and Central American governments, and their respective tourism industries expected to attract thousands of visitors. Mexico is visited by about 22 million foreigners in a typical year. In 2012, the national tourism agency expected to attract 52 million visitors just to the regions of Chiapas, Yucatán, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Campeche. A Maya activist group in Guatemala, Oxlaljuj Ajpop, objected to the commercialization of the date. A spokesman from the Conference of Maya Ministers commented that for them the Tikal ceremony is not a show for tourists but something spiritual and personal. The secretary of the Great Council of Ancestral Authorities commented that living Maya felt they were excluded from the activities in Tikal. This group held a parallel ceremony, and complained that the date has been used for commercial gain. In addition, before the main Tikal ceremony, about 200 Maya protested the celebration because they felt excluded. Most modern Maya were indifferent to the ceremonies, and the small number of people still practising ancient rites held solemn, more private ceremonies. Osvaldo Gomez, a technical advisor to the Tikal site, complained that many visitors during the celebration had illegally climbed the stairs of the Temple of the Masks, causing "irreparable" damage.Mayan Temple damaged at end of the world party news.com.au https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/mayan-temple-damaged-in-end-of-world-party/news-story/bdf2a18ba01ebaf3a4ecb05850232b59 27 December 2012 24 December 2012 25 September 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130925232831/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/mayan-temple-damaged-in-end-of-world-party/story-e6frfkui-1226542845834 live South America In Brazil, Décio Colla, the Mayor of the City of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, mobilized the population to prepare for the end of the world by stocking up on food and supplies. Tometto Mauricio Terra 14 March 2012 RS: prefeito orienta população a se preparar para 'fim do mundo' http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5664841-EI8139,00-RS+prefeito+orienta+populacao+a+se+preparar+para+fim+do+mundo.html 16 March 2012 Prefeito mobiliza São Francisco de Paula, RS, para 'fim do mundo' 2012 http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2012/03/prefeito-diz-que-cidade-do-rs-recebe-moradores-para-fim-do-mundo.html Globo Rebello Vinicius In the city of Corguinho, in the Mato Grosso do Sul, a colony was built for survivors of the expected tragedy. Cidade está sendo construída para refugiar sobreviventes de 'tragédia' Assumpção Isabela http://g1.globo.com/globo-reporter/noticia/2012/02/cidade-esta-sendo-construida-para-refugiar-sobreviventes-de-tragedia.html Globo Reporter 2012 16 March 2012 In Alto Paraíso de Goiás, the hotels also made specific reservations for prophetic dates. Hotéis de Alto Paraíso de Goiás já fazem reservas para 'datas proféticas' Carvalho Versanna http://g1.globo.com/goias/noticia/2012/03/hoteis-de-alto-paraiso-de-goias-ja-fazem-reservas-para-datas-profeticas.html 2012 16 March 2012 In Bolivia, President Evo Morales participated in Quechua and Aymara rituals, organized with government support, to commemorate the Southern solstice that took place in Isla del Sol, in the southern part of Lake Titicaca. During the event, Morales proclaimed the beginning of "Pachakuti", meaning the world's wake up to a culture of life and the beginning of the end to world capitalism, and he proposed to dismantle the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. End Of The World 2012? Not Just Yet Mark Stephenson Huffington Post https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/21/end-of-the-world-2012_n_2344389.html 22 December 2012 21 December 2012http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/declaraciones-de-evo-morales-durante-celebracion-maya-_12469855-4 Evo Morales criticó al sistema capital durante celebración maya es Evo Morales criticized capitalism during Mayan celebration EFE El Tiempo (Colombia) 21 December 2012 22 December 2012 EFE On 21 December 2012, the Uritorco mountain in Córdoba, Argentina was closed, as a mass suicide there had been proposed on Facebook.Cerrarían el Uritorco el próximo viernes por temor a suicidio masivo es Telefe Noticias http://telefenoticias.com.ar/es/news//20121217/cerrarian-uritorco-proximo-viernes-por-temor-suicidio-masivo/14489.shtml 17 December 2012 17 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130526025419/http://telefenoticias.com.ar/es/news//20121217/cerrarian-uritorco-proximo-viernes-por-temor-suicidio-masivo/14489.shtml 26 May 2013 United States In the United States, sales of private underground blast shelters increased noticeably after 2009, with many construction companies' advertisements calling attention to the 2012 apocalypse. Doomsday shelters making a comeback Keith Matheny https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-07-28-doomsday28_ST_N.htm 6 April 2012 USA Today 28 July 2010 In Michigan, schools were closed for the Christmas holidays two days early, in part because rumours of the 2012 apocalypse were raising fears of repeat shootings similar to that at Sandy Hook.Newtown, Mayan end-of-world rumors prompt Michigan officials to close 33 schools Tracy Connor Maureen Mullen NBC News http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/20/16042653-newtown-mayan-end-of-world-rumors-prompt-michigan-officials-to-close-33-schools 2012 30 October 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131102032250/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/20/16042653-newtown-mayan-end-of-world-rumors-prompt-michigan-officials-to-close-33-schools 2 November 2013 American reality TV stars Heidi Montag and Spencer Pratt revealed that they had spent most of their $10 million of accumulated earnings by 2010 because they believed the world would end in 2012.Heidi Montag and Spencer Pratt spent fortune ahead of Mayan apocalypse prophecy SFGate 2013 http://blog.sfgate.com/dailydish/2013/01/29/heidi-montag-and-spencer-pratt-spent-fortune-ahead-of-mayan-apocalypse-prophecy 30 October 2013 Cultural influence The 2012 phenomenon was discussed or referenced by several media outlets. Several TV documentaries, as well as some contemporary fictional references to the year 2012, referred to 21 December as the day of a cataclysmic event. The TV series The X-Files cited 22 December 2012 as the date for an alien colonization of the Earth, and mentioned the Mayan calendar "stopping" on this date. The History Channel aired a handful of special series on doomsday that included analysis of 2012 theories, such as Decoding the Past (2005–2007), 2012, End of Days (2006), Last Days on Earth (2006), Seven Signs of the Apocalypse (2009), and Nostradamus 2012 (2008). The Discovery Channel also aired 2012 Apocalypse in 2009, suggesting that massive solar storms, magnetic pole reversal, earthquakes, supervolcanoes, and other drastic natural events could occur in 2012. In 2012, the National Geographic Channel launched a show called Doomsday Preppers, a documentary series about survivalists preparing for various cataclysms, including the 2012 doomsday. Doomsday Preppers National Geographic http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/doomsday-preppers/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120120032338/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/doomsday-preppers/ dead 20 January 2012 6 April 2012 Hundreds of books were published on the topic. The bestselling book of 2009, Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol, featured a coded mock email number (2456282.5) that decoded to the Julian date for 21 December 2012.Secrets of The Lost Symbol Dan Bernstein Arne de Kiuzer Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=qgqfqUjF_38C&q=2456282.5+julian+date+%22lost+symbol%22&pg=PT35 19 December 2012 978-0-297-86060-0 In the Ubisoft video game franchise Assassin's Creed, the overarching plotline of the games starring the first protagonist, Desmond Miles, was also inspired by the phenomenon. After escaping capture by the Knights Templar, Desmond rejoins the Assassins Brotherhood to help them fight the Templars and prevent the predicted end of the world, in this case caused by a cyclical solar flare. In cinema, Roland Emmerich's 2009 science fiction disaster film 2012 was inspired by the phenomenon, and advance promotion prior to its release included a stealth marketing campaign in which television commercials and websites from the fictional "Institute for Human Continuity" called on people to prepare for the end of the world. As these promotions did not mention the film itself, many viewers believed them to be real and contacted astronomers in panic. Although the campaign was criticized, the film became one of the most successful of its year, grossing nearly $770 million worldwide. An article in The Daily Telegraph attributed the widespread fear of the phenomenon in China to the film, which was a hit in the country as it depicted the Chinese building "survival arks".China fears end of the world is nigh Malcolm Moore The Daily Telegraph https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9729270/China-fears-end-of-the-world-is-nigh.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9729270/China-fears-end-of-the-world-is-nigh.html 11 January 2022 subscription live 11 December 2012 London 7 December 2012 Lars von Trier's 2011 film Melancholia featured a plot in which a planet emerges from behind the Sun on a collision course with Earth. The phenomenon also inspired several rock and pop music hits. As early as 1997, "A Certain Shade of Green" by Incubus referred to the mystical belief that a shift in perception would arrive in 2012 ("Are you gonna stand around till 2012 A.D.? / What are you waiting for, a certain shade of green?"). More recent hits include "Time for Miracles" (2009) performed by Adam Lambert, "2012 (It Ain't the End)" (2010) performed by Jay Sean featuring Nicki Minaj, "Till the World Ends" (2011) performed by Britney Spears and "2012 (If The World Would End)" (2012) performed by Mike Candys featuring Evelyn & Patrick Miller. Towards mid-December 2012, an internet hoax related to South Korean singer Psy being one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse was widely circulated around social media platforms. The hoax purported that once Psy's "Gangnam Style" YouTube video amassed a billion views, the world would end.http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/much-ado-about-apocalypse-1.188870 New Straits Times Much ado about apocalypse Chok Suat Ling 20 December 2012 21 December 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20131104174754/http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/much-ado-about-apocalypse-1.188870 4 November 2013 Indian composer A. R. Rahman, known for Slumdog Millionaire, released his single "Infinite Love" to "instill faith and optimism in people" prior to the hypothesized doomsday.The Times of India 13 December 2012 AR Rahman's special song for Doomsday https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/AR-Rahmans-special-song-for-Doomsday/articleshow/17598742.cms https://web.archive.org/web/20130524043624/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-13/news-interviews/35795932_1_ar-rahman-composer-special-song live 24 May 2013 16 February 2012 The artwork for All Time Low's 2012 album Don't Panic satirizes various cataclysmic events associated with the phenomenon. The phenomenon was also satirized in Brian M. Clark's 2010 novelty book What Will Really Happen In 2012?: Mysteries Of The 13 B'aktun Paradox Decoded'', which consisted of 200 pages each only containing the sentence, "Nothing special is going to happen in 2012, you jackass."Clark Brian M. What Will Really Happen In 2012?: Mysteries Of The 13 B'aktun Paradox Decoded... Discriminate Media 978-1-4538930-2-9 Los Angeles 25 October 2010 1-200 EnWhat Will Really Happen In 2012? https://discriminatemedia.com/what_will_really_happen_in_2012.html Discriminate Media Reviews A number of brands ran commercials tied to the phenomenon in the days and months leading to the date. In February 2012, American automotive company General Motors aired an advertisement during the annual Super Bowl football game in which a group of friends drove Chevrolet Silverados through the ruins of human civilization following the 2012 apocalypse. On 17 December 2012, Jell-O ran an ad saying that offering Jell-O to the Mayan gods would appease them into sparing the world. John Verret, Professor of Advertising at Boston University, questioned the utility of tying large sums of money to such a unique and short-term event.Wong Vanessa Brands Capitalize on 'Impending Apocalypse' BusinessWeek http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-19/brands-capitalizing-on-the-impending-apocalypse https://web.archive.org/web/20121221115332/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-19/brands-capitalizing-on-the-impending-apocalypse dead 21 December 2012 19 December 2012 26 December 2012 See also List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events 13 (number) 2011 end times prediction Doomsday cult Dreamspell List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Triskaidekaphobia Notes 2 References Citations 30em https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6227357/Web-bot-project-makes-prophecy-of-2012-apocalypse.html 'Web-bot project' makes prophecy of 2012 apocalypse Tom Chivers 24 September 2009 The Daily Telegraph London 4 October 2009 https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2009&p=.htm 2009 Worldwide Grosses Box Office Mojo 25 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100209125250/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2009&p=.htm 9 February 2010 live http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=1.403.26090.0.0 2012 Apocalypse 2009 The Discovery Channel 8 November 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091111072151/http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=1.403.26090.0.0 11 November 2009 live 2012: No Geomagnetic Reversal Universe Today 3 October 2008 Ian O'Neill http://www.universetoday.com/2008/10/03/2012-no-geomagnetic-reversal/ 27 May 2009 2012: No Killer Solar Flare http://www.universetoday.com/14645/2012-no-killer-solar-flare/ Universe Today Ian O'Neill 21 June 2008 14 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100805002810/http://www.universetoday.com/14645/2012-no-killer-solar-flare/ 5 August 2010 live J. J. Aimers P. M. Rice 2006 Astronomy, ritual and the interpretation of Maya E-Group architectural assemblages Ancient Mesoamerica 17 1 79–96 10.1017/S0956536106060056 162949808 http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/190924/1/download4.pdf http://www.history.com/minisites/armageddon Armageddon series 2008 The History Channel 1 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090429183255/http://www.history.com/minisites/armageddon 29 April 2009 dead dmy-all Best-Selling Books of 2009 http://www.marketingcharts.com/print/top-books-of-2009-11540/ 4 January 2010 marketingcharts.com 10 May 2011 Betelgeuse and 2012 Phil Plait Phil Plait http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/01/21/betelgeuse-and-2012/ Bad Astronomy 2011 1 May 2011 3 November 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121103082609/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/01/21/betelgeuse-and-2012/ dead Ralph Abraham Terence McKenna http://www.ralph-abraham.org/talks/transcripts/hyperspace.html Dynamics of Hyperspace Santa Cruz, California June 1983 Ralph Abraham 14 October 2009 6 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190206101020/http://www.ralph-abraham.org/talks/transcripts/hyperspace.html dead For End of the World, a French Peak Holds Allure Maïa de la Baume The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/world/europe/31bugarach.html 8 March 2011 30 January 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120114232403/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/world/europe/31bugarach.html 14 January 2012 live Fraser Cain Galactic Plane Universe Today http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/galaxies/galactic-plane/ 11 May 2009 29 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091006034656/http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/galaxies/galactic-plane/ 6 October 2009 live Fraser Cain Geomagnetic Reversal Universe Today 2 November 2009 Abby Cessna http://www.universetoday.com/43824/geomagnetic-reversal/ 6 April 2011 Mayans launch apocalypse countdown Associated Press 21 December 2011 https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/whats-hot/story/mayans-launch-apocalypse-countdown-149451-2011-12-20 30 December 2011 Stephen Houston David Stuart 1996 Of gods, glyphs and kings: divinity and rulership among the Classic Maya Antiquity 70 268 289–312 0003-598X 206025348 10.1017/S0003598X00083289 162561423 Stephen Houston John Major Jenkins http://alignment2012.com/historychannel.html How Not to Make a 2012 Documentary 28 July 2006 14 October 2009 Is Betelgeuse about to blow? Phil Plait Phil Plait http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/06/01/is-betelgeuse-about-to-blow/ Bad Astronomy 2011 1 May 2011 21 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110421003143/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/06/01/is-betelgeuse-about-to-blow/ dead http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a4_042.html Is the earth about to enter the Photon Belt, causing the end of life as we know it? The Straight Dope 13 September 1996 19 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20080518060101/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a4_042.html 18 May 2008 live http://alignment2012.com/whatisga.htm What is the Galactic Alignment? John Major Jenkins alignment2012.com 11 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090505173150/http://alignment2012.com/whatisga.htm 5 May 2009 live Magnolia Picks Up North American Rights to Lars von Trier's 'Melancholia' Borys Kit https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/magnolia-picks-up-north-american-99038 13 February 2011 The Hollywood Reporter 27 May 2011 Does Maya calendar predict 2012 apocalypse? G. Jeffrey MacDonald https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-27-maya-2012_n.htm USA Today 27 March 2007 14 October 2009 2012: Shadow of the Dark Rift NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-alignment.html 2011 28 October 2012 2012: Beginning of the End or Why the World Won't End? NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012.html 2009 26 February 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110222054800/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012.html 22 February 2011 live NO Spaceships Headed for Earth Seth Shostak Seth Shostak http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1539 SETI 2011 7 January 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110110042851/http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1539 10 January 2011 dead dmy-all Nibiru and Doomsday 2012: Questions and Answers http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/intro/nibiru-and-doomsday-2012-questions-and-answers NASA: Ask an Astrobiologist David Morrison 2012 12 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130811134015/http://astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/intro/nibiru-and-doomsday-2012-questions-and-answers 11 August 2013 Samuel Henry French village which will 'survive 2012 Armageddon' plagued by visitors The Daily Telegraph 21 December 2010 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/ufo/8217001/French-village-which-will-survive-2012-Armageddon-plagued-by-visitors.html 14 September 2012 London Perturbing the Oort Cloud Michael Szpir American Scientist http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/perturbing-the-oort-cloud 25 March 2008 The Scientific Research Society 21 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170221193001/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/perturbing-the-oort-cloud dead Pinchbeck 2006 5 March 2011 Good astronomy: Planetary alignments have relatively little to do with earthquakes Bad Astronomy Phil Plait Phil Plait http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/misc/planets.html 28 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110510082301/http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/misc/planets.html 10 May 2011 live Planetary Alignment Abby Cessna Universe Today 5 July 2009 http://www.universetoday.com/34076/planetary-alignment/ 19 April 2011 Planets Won't Attend Astronomical Celebration Philip J. Hilts Mary Battiata https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73839663.html?dids=73839663:73839663&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+16,+1987&author=Philip+J.+Hilts;+Mary+Battiata&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Planets+Won't+Attend+Astronomical+Celebration&pqatl=google New York Post 4 November 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511123856/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73839663.html?dids=73839663%3A73839663&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Aug+16%2C+1987&author=Philip+J.+Hilts%3B+Mary+Battiata&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Planets+Won%27t+Attend+Astronomical+Celebration&pqatl=google 11 May 2011 dead 16 August 1987 Population structure of the classic period Maya Andrew K. Scherer American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132 3 367–380 10.1002/ajpa.20535 17205548 2007 2007AJPA..132..367S Scherer2007 Questions and comments Mark Van Stone FAMSI http://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/comments.html 6 September 2010 Questions answered Sherry Seethaler http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20071206/news_1c06sciqa.html U-T San Diego 6 December 2007 16 October 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101120054434/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20071206/news_1c06sciqa.html 20 November 2010 Nils Olsen Mioara Mandea Rapidly changing flows in the Earth's core 18 May 2008 1 390–394 10.1038/ngeo203 6 Nature Geoscience 2008NatGe...1..390O McKenna and McKenna 1975 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/relax-the-end-isnt-nigh-1804340.html Relax, the end isn't nigh Connor Steve 17 October 2009 The Independent London 20 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091020091758/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/relax-the-end-isnt-nigh-1804340.html 20 October 2009 live https://archive.org/details/TerenceMckennaWithArtBell Terence McKenna with Art Bell Art Bell 22 May 1997 22 September 2009 Teapot of Sagittarius points to galactic center EarthSky http://www.earthsky.org/tonightpost/favorite-star-patterns/teapot-of-sagittarius-points-to-galactic-center Bruce McClure 3 November 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091118014827/http://www.earthsky.org/tonightpost/favorite-star-patterns/teapot-of-sagittarius-points-to-galactic-center 18 November 2009 live http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/M-32.pdf The Astronomical Insignificance of Maya Date 13.0.0.0.0 Vincent H. Malmström Dartmouth College 19 March 2003 2 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090611163802/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/M-32.pdf 11 June 2009 live https://nymag.com/news/imperialcity/21697/ The End of the World As They Know It Kurt Andersen New York 24 September 2006 26 February 2011 The Mayan Calendar and the Transformation of Consciousness John Major Jenkins alignement2012.com http://alignment2012.com/mayancalendarbasics.htm January 2005 26 January 2010 30 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180930085613/http://alignment2012.com/mayancalendarbasics.htm dead The Origin of the 260-day calendar: the gestation hypothesis reconsidered in light of its use among the Quiche Maya Duncan McLean Earl Dean R Snow State University of New York at Albany http://archeometrie.perso.neuf.fr/260%20Day%20Calendar.pdf 20 March 2011 25 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130825025843/http://archeometrie.perso.neuf.fr/260%20Day%20Calendar.pdf dead Ryan Rivet http://tulane.edu/news/newwave/062508_maya.cfm The Sky Is Not Falling Tulane University 25 June 2008 26 February 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110418060227/http://tulane.edu/news/newwave/062508_maya.cfm 18 April 2011 The Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane John N. Bahcall Safi Bahcall Nature 316 6030 706–708 22 August 1985 10.1038/316706a0 1985Natur.316..706B 4256024 The True Alignment Zone John Major Jenkins June 1999 http://edj.net/mc2012/truezone.htm 14 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091001214914/http://edj.net/mc2012/truezone.htm 1 October 2009 live What Will Not Happen in 2012 Stephen Houston 20 December 2008 http://decipherment.wordpress.com/2008/12/20/what-will-not-happen-in-2012/ Maya Decipherment 29 May 2011 What would happen if a supermassive black hole came close to the Earth? Christopher Springob https://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=511 Cornell University 28 March 2003 14 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215940/http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=511 10 October 2009 dead What's going to happen on December 21st 2012? Cornell University 2006 https://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=686 9 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094007/http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=686 11 May 2011 dead http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/papers/xibalba.rtf Xibalba or Xibalbe Brian Stross University of Texas 18 May 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110511101037/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/papers/xibalba.rtf 11 May 2011 Benjamin Anastas 1 July 2007 The Final Days http://ksuweb.kennesaw.edu/~tkeene/apwhAnastasThe%20(Mayan)%20Final%20Days.htm reproduced online, at KSU New York Section 6, p. 48 18 May 2009 Anastas2007 The New York Times Magazine Carrasco 1990 p. 39; Gossen and Leventhal 1993 p. 191 de Lara and Justeson 2006 Eberl and Prager 2005, p. 28 Argüelles 1975 Argüelles 1987 David Morrison: Surviving 2012 and Other Cosmic Disasters FORA.tv http://fora.tv/2010/04/24/David_Morrison_Surviving_2012_and_Other_Cosmic_Disasters 17 July 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20130402040013/http://fora.tv/2010/04/24/David_Morrison_Surviving_2012_and_Other_Cosmic_Disasters 2 April 2013 usurped dmy-all Questions Show: Alignment with the Galactic Plane, Destruction from Venus, and the Death of the Solar System Universe Today 10 October 2008 http://www.astronomycast.com/listeners/questions-shows/questions-show-alignment-with-the-galactic-plane-destruction-from-venus-and-the-death-of-the-solar-system/ 14 October 2009 Solar Storm Warning NASA 10 March 2006 https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/10mar_stormwarning.htm 14 October 2009 Tony Phillips https://web.archive.org/web/20091014042305/https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/10mar_stormwarning.htm 14 October 2009 dead dmy-all Grofe 2011 Hancock 1995, p. 499, ff. 27. Eberl and Prager 2005, pp. 29–30, citing Hieroglyphic Stairway E7-H12 at Palenque, plate 104 in Karl Herbert Mayer, Maya Monuments: Sculptures of Unknown Provenance, Supplement 4 [in which the Sajal Niil is depicted in his costume], and Stele 1 from La Mar. Hoopes 2009 Hoopes 2011b Hoopes 2012 Whitesides2012 Introduction to Maya Cosmogenesis John Major Jenkins http://alignment2012.com/mc-intro.html 14 October 2009 Jenkins 1998, pp. 191–206 Jenkins 2009, p. 215 The Origins of Mesoamerican Writing Joyce Marcus Annual Review of Anthropology 5 1976 25–67 2949303 10.1146/annurev.an.05.100176.000343 The Great 2012 Scare Sky and Telescope http://media.skyandtelescope.com/documents/Doomsday2012-lores.pdf E. C. Krupp 11 November 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130312062008/http://media.skyandtelescope.com/documents/Doomsday2012-lores.pdf 12 March 2013 dmy-all Ed Krupp Makemson 1957, p. 4 (the more specific date of 21 December appeared in the 1993 revision of The Invisible Landscape)(McKenna&McKenna 1993) Meeus 1997, pp. 301–303 Milbrath 1999, p. 4 NASA Ask An Astrobiologist NASA David Morrison http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist 11 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110503232346/http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist 3 May 2011 live The Myth of Nibiru and the End of the World in 2012 David Morrison Skeptical Inquirer October 2008 http://www.csicop.org/si/show/myth_of_nibiru_and_the_end_of_the_world_in_2012/ 2 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035216/http://www.csicop.org/si/show/myth_of_nibiru_and_the_end_of_the_world_in_2012 24 September 2015 dead dmy-all See in particular, chapter 6 ("The Great Cycle: Its Projected Beginning"), chapter 7 ("The Great Cycle – Its Projected End") and the Appendix, in Waters 1975, pp. 256–264, 265–271, 285 Giant spaceships to attack December 2012? Phil Plait Phil Plait Discover Magazine 2011 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/12/27/giant-spaceships-to-attack-december-2012/ 7 January 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20101230080650/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/12/27/giant-spaceships-to-attack-december-2012/ 30 December 2010 live For an in-depth look at this subject, see Coe 1992, Miller 1993, Pinchbeck 2006 Precession NASA http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sprecess.htm 3 November 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091118001942/http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sprecess.htm 18 November 2009 live The Great 2012 Doomsday Scare NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-guest.html 2009 27 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100125184921/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-guest.html 25 January 2010 live Sacha Defesche 'The 2012 Phenomenon': A historical and typological approach to a modern apocalyptic mythology 2007 skepsis http://skepsis.no/?p=599 29 April 2011 Sony Pictures and the End of the World Mike Brown Mike Brown's Planets 7 June 2009 http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2009/06/sony-pictures-and-end-of-world.html 7 June 2009 Starry Night looks at doomsday Geoff Gaherty Starry Night Times http://www.starrynighteducation.com/sntimes/2008/06/#art1 2008 23 October 2009 2012 FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Mark Van Stone FAMSI 2 March 2010 http://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/faq.html https://web.archive.org/web/20100210204029/http://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/faq.html 10 February 2010 live http://www.anthro.psu.edu/faculty_staff/docs/Webster_GermanyMaya.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20100215032307/http://www.anthro.psu.edu/faculty_staff/docs/Webster_GermanyMaya.pdf 15 February 2010 The Uses and Abuses of the Ancient Maya David Webster Penn State University The Emergence of the Modern World Conference, Otzenhausen, Germany 25 September 2007 14 October 2009 dead La controversia detrás de la profecía del 2012 http://prensalibre.com/noticias/controversia-detras-profecia_0_191380911.html Àngels Maso 2010 Prensa Libre 1 January 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120110080349/http://prensalibre.com/noticias/controversia-detras-profecia_0_191380911.html 10 January 2012 Hippies head for Noah's Ark: Queue here for rescue aboard alien spaceship Oliver Pickup 25 March 2012 The Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/hippies-head-for-noahs-ark-queue-here-for-rescue-aboard-alien-spaceship-7584492.html 26 March 2012 London Works cited 30em Argüelles José José Argüelles The Transformative Vision: Reflections on the Nature and History of Human Expression Light Technology Publications 1992 Flagstaff, AZ 1st 978-0-9631750-0-7 Argüelles1975 Argüelles José The Mayan Factor: Path Beyond Technology Inner Traditions/Bear and Company Rochester, VT 1987 978-0-939680-38-2 Argüelles1987 Aveni Anthony Anthony Aveni Hartung H. 2000 Water, Mountain, Sky: The Evolution of Site Orientations in Southeastern Mesoamerica Keber E. Quiñones Precious Greenstone Precious Feather Labyrinthos Lancaster, CA Aveni Anthony 2009 The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012 University Press of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 978-0-87081-961-2 https://archive.org/details/endoftimemayamys00aven Barkun, Michael 2006 A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America Comparative studies in religion and society series, no. 15 1st pbk print Berkeley University of California Press 978-0-520-24812-0 255948700 Barkun2006 Callaway, Carl Cosmogony and Prophecy: Maya Era Day Cosmology in the Context of the 2012 Prophecy Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 192–202 Callaway2011 10.1017/S1743921311012622 2011IAUS..278..192C free Campion, Nicholas The 2012 Mayan Calendar Prophecies in the Context of the Western Millenarian Tradition Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 249–254 Campion2011 10.1017/S1743921311012671 2011IAUS..278..249C free Carrasco, David 1990 Religions of Mesoamerica: Cosmovision and Ceremonial Centers Religious traditions of the world [series] San Francisco, California Harper and Row 978-0-06-061325-9 20996347 Carrasco1990 https://archive.org/details/religionsofmesoa00carr Carlson, John B. Lord of the Maya Creations on His Jaguar Throne: The Eternal Return of Elder Brother God L to Preside Over the 21 December 2012 Transformation Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 203–213 Carlson2011 10.1017/S1743921311012634 2011IAUS..278..203C free Carlson, John S. Mark Van Stone The 2012 Phenomenon: Maya Calendar, Astronomy, and Apocalypticism in the Worlds of Scholarship and Global Popular Culture Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 178–185 CarlsonVanStone2011 10.1017/S1743921311012609 2011IAUS..278..178C free Coe Michael D. Michael D. Coe 1966 The Maya 1st Ancient peoples and places series, no. 52 London Thames and Hudson 318157568 978-0-500-05061-3 https://archive.org/details/breakingmayacode00coem_0 Coe Michael D. 1980 The Maya 2nd Ancient peoples and places series, no. 10 London Thames and Hudson 978-0-500-05061-3 https://archive.org/details/breakingmayacode00coem_0 Coe Michael D. 1984 The Maya 3rd Ancient peoples and places series London Thames and Hudson 978-0-500-05061-3 https://archive.org/details/breakingmayacode00coem_0 Coe Michael D. 1992 Breaking the Maya Code London Thames and Hudson 978-0-500-05061-3 26605966 https://archive.org/details/breakingmayacode00coem_0 Photographic Documentation of Monuments with Epi-Olmec Script/Imagery Jorge Pérez de Lara John Justeson 2006 http://www.famsi.org/reports/05084/05084PerezdeLara01.pdf Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies 3 November 2009 deLara2006 Eberl, Markus Christian Prager 2005 Bʼolon Yokteʼ Kʼuh: Maya conceptions of war, conflict, and the underworld Wars and Conflicts in Prehispanic Mesoamerica and the Andes: Selected Proceedings of the Conference Organized by the Société des Américanistes de Belgique with the Collaboration of Wayeb (European Association of Mayanists), Brussels, 16–17 November 2002 Peter Eeckhout Geneviève Le Fort British Archaeological Reports International Series, no. 1385 Oxford, UK John and Erika Hedges Ltd 28–36 978-1-84171-706-7 254728446 Eberl2005 Society of Americanists in Belgium Edmonson Munro S. Munro S. Edmonson 1988 The Book of the Year: Middle American Calendrical Systems University of Utah Press Salt Lake City 978-0-87480-288-7 17650412 Freidel David Schele Linda Parker Joy 1993 Maya Cosmos: Three thousand years on the shaman's path William Morrow New York 978-0-688-10081-0 27430287 Gelfer, Joseph 2011 2012: Decoding the Counterculture Apocalypse London Equinox Publishing 978-1-84553-639-8 Gelfer2011 Gossen, Gary Richard M. Leventhal 1993 The topography of ancient Maya religious pluralism: a dialogue with the present Jeremy A. Sabloff John S. Henderson Lowland Maya Civilization in the Eighth Century A.D.: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 7th and 8 October 1989 Washington, D.C. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection 185–217 978-0-88402-206-0 25547151 Gossen1993 https://archive.org/details/lowlandmayacivil0000unse/page/185 Grofe, Michael Measuring Deep Time: The Sidereal Year and the Tropical Year in Maya Inscriptions Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 214–230 Grofe2011 10.1017/S1743921311012646 2011IAUS..278..214G free Gronemeyer Sven MacLeod Barbara 2010 What Could Happen in 2012: A Re-Analysis of the 13-Bakʼtun Prophecy on Tortuguero Monument 6 Wayeb Notes http://www.wayeb.org/notes/wayeb_notes0034.pdf 34 1–68 1379-8286 298471525 Hancock, Graham Graham Hancock 1995 Fingerprints of the Gods New York Crown Publishers, Inc. 978-0-517-59348-6 Hancock1995 Hanegraaff, Wouter Wouter Hanegraaff 1996 New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought Studies in the histories of religions series, no. 72 0169-8834 Leiden, Netherlands Brill 978-90-04-10695-6 35229227 Hanegraaff1996 Hoopes, John W. Review – The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012, by Anthony Aveni and 2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, by Mark Van Stone Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture 22 2009 139–145 0190-9940 http://markvanstone.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Hoopes-2009-Review-of-Aveni-Van-Stone.pdf Hoopes2009 Hoopes, John W. A Critical History of 2012 Mythology Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/79139/hoopes-2011-critical-history-2012-mythology.pdf 7 2011a 240–248 Hoopes2011a 10.1017/S174392131101266X 2011IAUS..278..240H free Hoopes, John W. Mayanism Comes of (New) Age Joseph Gelfer 2012: Decoding the Counterculture Apocalypse 2011b Equinox Publishing London 978-1-84553-639-8 38–59 Hoopes2011b Hoopes, John W. New Age Sympathies and Scholarly Complicities: The History and Promotion of 2012 Mythology Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture 24 2011c 180–201 0190-9940 Hoopes2011c Hoopes, John W. What You Should Know About 2012: Answers to 13 Questions 30 December 2011 Psychology Today http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/reality-check/201112/what-you-should-know-about-2012-answers-13-questions Hoopes2011d Hoopes, John W. The Hidden History of 2012 Fortean Times 285 2012 40–43 Hoopes2012a Jenkins, John Major John Major Jenkins 1998 Maya Cosmogenesis 2012: The True Meaning of the Maya Calendar End-Date Bear and Company Rochester, VT 978-1-879181-48-9 Jenkins1998 registration https://archive.org/details/mayacosmogenesis0000jenk Jenkins, John Major John Major Jenkins 2009 The 2012 Story: The Myths, Fallacies, and Truth Behind the Most Intriguing Date in History Tarcher Los Angeles, CA Jenkins2009 978-1-58542-766-6 Luxton, Richard N. The Book of Chumayel: The Counsel Book of the Yucatec Maya, 1539–1638 Agaean Park Press Walnut Creek, CA 1996 978-0-89412-244-6 Luxton1996 MacLeod Barbara 2011 The God's Grand Costume Ball: A Classic Maya Prophecy for the Close of the Thirteenth Bakʼtun Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 231–239 10.1017/S1743921311012658 2011IAUS..278..231M free Makemson, Maude Worcester 1951 The Book of the Jaguar Priest: a translation of the Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin, with commentary New York H. Schuman 537810 Makemson1951 Makemson, Maude Worcester 1957PVasO...6....1M The miscellaneous dates of the Dresden Codex Publications of the Vassar College Observatory 6 i June 1957 Makemson1957 McKenna Terence and Dennis The Invisible Landscape: Mind, Hallucinogens, and the I Ching Seabury 1st 1975 McKenna1975 978-0-8164-9249-7 McKenna Terence and Dennis The Invisible Landscape: Mind, Hallucinogens, and the I Ching HarperCollins 1993 McKenna1993 978-0-06-250635-1 Meeus, Jean 1997 Ecliptic and galactic equator Mathematical Astronomy Morsels Richmond, VA Willmann-Bell 978-0-943396-51-4 36126686 Meeus1997 Milbrath, Susan 1999 Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars The Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies Austin University of Texas Press 978-0-292-75225-2 40848420 Milbrath1999 Miller, Mary Mary Miller (art historian) Karl Taube 1993 The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion Thames & Hudson London 978-0-500-05068-2 27667317 Miller1993 https://archive.org/details/godssymbolsofa00mill Karl Taube Morley Sylvanus 1983 The Ancient Maya https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya00morl_0 registration 4th Stanford University Press Palo Alto, CA 978-0-8047-1288-0 Pinchbeck, Daniel Daniel Pinchbeck 2006 2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl New York Tarcher 978-1-58542-483-2 62421298 Pinchbeck2006 https://archive.org/details/2012returnofquet00pinc Roys Ralph 1967 The Book of Chilam Balam of Chuyamel Forgotten Books Charleston, South Carolina 978-1-60506-858-9 Roys1967 Rice Prudence M. 2007 Maya calendar origins: monuments, mythistory, and the materialization of time University of Texas Press Austin 978-0-292-71692-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=2b_DoSfVKnUC&q=number%2013&pg=PR11 Schele Linda Linda Schele 1992 A New Look at the Dynastic History of Palenque Victoria R. Bricker (Volume), with Patricia A. Andrews Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 5: Epigraphy Austin University of Texas Press 82–109 978-0-292-77650-0 23693597 Schele Linda Linda Schele Freidel David 1990 A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya pbk reprint Harper Perennial New York 978-0-688-11204-2 145324300 registration https://archive.org/details/forestofkingsunt0034sche Severin Gregory M. 1981 The Paris Codex: Decoding an Astronomical Ephemeris Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 71 5 1–101 1006397 10.2307/1006397 Schilling Govert 2008 The Hunt For Planet X: New Worlds and the Fate of Pluto Springer 978-0-387-77804-4 2012: Biography of a Time Traveler, The Journey of José Argüelles South, Stephanie 2009 Franklin Lakes, New Jersey New Page Books 978-1-60163-065-0 South2009 Spencer Neil 2000 True as the Stars Above Love Shall Steer the Stars – The Long Dawning of the Age of Aquarius Orion Publishing Group, Limited 978-0-575-06769-1 Van Stone, Mark It's Not the End of the World: What the Ancient Maya Tell Us About 2012 2008 FAMSI http://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/index.html Stone2008 Van Stone, Mark It's Not the End of the World: Emic Evidence for Local Diversity in the Maya Long Count Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7 2011 186–191 VanStone2011 10.1017/S1743921311012610 2011IAUS..278..186V free Voss, Alexander 2006 Astronomy and Mathematics Nikolai Grube Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.) Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest Cologne Könemann 130–143 978-3-8331-1957-6 71165439 Voss2006 Wagner, Elizabeth 2006 Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography Nikolai Grube Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.) Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest Cologne Könemann 280–293 978-3-8331-1957-6 71165439 Wagner2006 Waters, Frank Frank Waters 1975 Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth World of Consciousness Chicago, Illinois Sage Books/Swallow Press 978-0-8040-0663-7 1364766 Waters1975 Whitesides, Kevin John W. Hoopes Seventies Dreams and 21st Century Realities: The Emergence of 2012 Mythology Zeitschrift für Anomalistik 12 2012 50–74 Whitesides2012 Stolen Continents: 500 Years of Conquest and Resistance in the Americas Wright, Ronald Mariner 2005 165–166 978-0-618-49240-4 Wright2005 York, Michael 1995 The Emerging Network: A Sociology of the New Age and Neo-Pagan Movements Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield 978-0-8476-8000-9 31604796 York1995 Further reading Boone, Elizabeth H. Zelia Nuttall 1982 The Book of the Life of the Ancient Mexicans, Containing an Account of Their Rites and Superstitions: An Anonymous Hispano-Mexican Manuscript Preserved at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, Italy (Reprint of 1903 edition with additional commentary) University of California Press Berkeley none Coe Michael D. Michael D. Coe 1999 The Maya 6th, fully revised and expanded Ancient peoples and places series London and New York Thames and Hudson 978-0-500-28066-9 59432778 none Edmonson Munro S. Munro S. Edmonson 1982 The Ancient Future of the Itza: The Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin The Texas Pan American series Text of Chilam Balam de Tizimín MS. translated and annotated by Munro S. Edmonson; 1st English trans. University of Texas Press Austin 978-0-292-70353-7 11318551 https://archive.org/details/ancientfutureofi00edmorich none yua en Nuttall, Zelia 1903 The Book of the Life of the Ancient Mexicans, Containing an Account of Their Rites and Superstitions: An Anonymous Hispano-Mexican Manuscript Preserved at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, Italy. Berkeley, CA University of California none http://www.csicop.org/si/show/the_psychology_of_december_21_2012 Skeptical Inquirer It's the End of the World and They Don't Feel Fine: The Psychology of December 21, 2012 Matthew J. Sharps Schuyler W. Liao Megan R. Herrera 37 1 January–February 2013 12 April 2013 none External links 2012 phenomenon 3 December 2012.ogg 3 December 2012 QY_Gc1bF8ds NASA video for 22 December 2012 Why The World Will Still Be Here After Dec. 21, 2012: A Public Discussion with 3 Scientists at the SETI Institute Academia.edu https://web.archive.org/web/20210731055546/https://unomaha.academia.edu/NAljaddou 31 July 2021 4093 93 Apocalypse 2012 – The real science behind the events predicted in 2012 25 March 2008 World Religion Society Myths Mesoamerica Music Category:2012 hoaxes Category:Apocalypticism Category:Conspiracy theories Category:Hoaxes Category:Mass psychogenic illness in North America Category:Maya calendars Category:Mythology Category:New Age culture Category:Numerology Category:Pseudoscience Category:Turn of a time period Category:Urban legends Phenomenon Category:Maya in art and culture