1997 Bolivian general election

none Bolivia state 1993 Bolivian general election 1993 2002 Bolivian general election 2002 3,252,501 71.36% ( 0.80pp) yes presidential Presidential election 130x130px 1 June 1997 (popular vote)6 August 1997 (Congress vote) Hugo Banzer 1997.png Hugo Banzer ADN–PDC–NFR Jorge Quiroga 118 484,705 22.26% 9B2335 Juan Carlos Durán Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Percy Fernández 50 396,235 18.20% Remedios Loza.jpg Remedios Loza CONDEPA Gonzalo Ruiz Paz 373,528 17.16% Jaime Paz Zamora. Eguino, Antonio. 1989, Carlos D. Mesa collection, La Paz (Cropped II).png Jaime Paz Zamora MIR–FRI Samuel Doria Medina 365,005 16.77% Ivo Kuljis Solidarity Civic Unity Juan Chahín 350,728 16.11% 260px Results by department 260px Results by province President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Hugo Banzer Nationalist Democratic Action yes Chamber of Deputies yes yes All 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 1 June 1997 ADN–PDC–NFR 35 32 Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 52 26 MIR–FRI 0 23 Solidarity Civic Unity 20 21 Conscience of Fatherland 13 19 Free Bolivia Movement 7 5 United Left (Bolivia) 0 4 yes Chamber of Senators yes yes All 36 seats in the Chamber of Senators 1 June 1997 ADN–PDC–NFR 8 11 MIR–FRI 0 7 Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 17 4 Conscience of Fatherland 1 3 Solidarity Civic Unity 7 2 General elections were held in Bolivia on 1 June 1997.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p133 978-0-19-928358-3 As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August. Hugo Banzer of Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) was subsequently elected. Whilst the ADN emerged as the largest party in Congress, it failed to win a majority of seats, and formed a coalition government with the Revolutionary Left Movement, Conscience of Fatherland and the Solidarity Civic Unity.Elections held in 1997 IPU Electoral system Elections in Bolivia A number of electoral reforms were introduced in 1994. The double simultaneous vote (DSV) system, under which voters cast a single vote for president, Chamber of Deputies and Chamber of Senators, was modified to introduce a mixed-member proportional representation for the Chamber of Deputies. Voters still had a DSV vote that determined the presidency, members of the Chamber of Senators and the seat distribution of the Chamber of Deputies, but had an additional vote to determine the winners of 68 single-member constituencies for the Chamber. The other 62 seats in the Chamber became leveling seats to ensure that the proportion of seats held by each party was equivalent to the percentage of its vote share in the DSV vote, and were elected by closed list proportional representation in nine multi-member constituencies. A further reform in 1997, shortly before the elections, introduced a 3% electoral threshold and determined that seat allocation for the proportional Chamber seats would be carried out by the d'Hondt method. The 27 seats in the Chamber of Senators were elected in nine three-member constituencies using the DSV vote; the party with the most votes was awarded two seats and the runner-up one.Nohlen, pp128, 131 As a result of modifications to the constitution in 1994 and 1995, the voting age was reduced to eighteen, while presidential and congressional terms were increased from four to five years.Bolivia: Ley de Reforma y Complementacion al Régimen Electoral, 19 de marzo de 1997 https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-1779.html 2020-11-30 Lexivox Campaign Incumbent president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada chose René Blattmann, minister of justice and human rights, as the MNR's presidential candidate. Blattmann's reformations to the judicial system had gained him great popularity among the population with him holding a 34% electoral preference to Hugo Banzer's 14% upon the announcement of his candidacy in December 1996. However, René Blattmann surprisingly renounced his candidacy at the end of January 1997. Juan Carlos Durán became the new MNR candidate but the damage to the party's electoral campaign was irreversible.Mesa Gisbert 2003 177 Hugo Banzer, who had run in the past five elections, had stated in 1993 that he would not present himself again as a candidate. Nevertheless, Banzer announced his 1997 candidacy anyway. Former president Jaime Paz Zamora of the MIR also announced his intention to seek a second term. The "neo-populist" Max Fernández of the UCS and Carlos Palenque of CONDEPA had seen their parties' best performances in 1993. However, the premature death of both leaders (Fernández in a plane crash in 1995, Palenque of a heart attack in March 1997, less than three months before the election) hurt their parties' chances of winning. Jhonny Fernández, Max Fernández's son, was not yet of legal age to run, leading the UCS to present as their candidate Ivo Kuljis, who incidentally had been Carlos Palenque's CONDEPA running mate in 1993. CONDEPA, in turn, presented Remedios Loza, making her the first female presidential candidate in Bolivia history. The fact that Loza was Aymara won her some support among Bolivia's marginalized indigenous population.Mesa Gisbert 2003 178 Economic and social issues dominated the campaign, with all major parties promising to continue the free market policies implemented by outgoing President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. Whilst Juan Carlos Durán emphasised the free market reforms, Hugo Banzer promised to improve the lives of the indigenous population. Results President Ultimately, the divided electoral field and the woes of the MNR resulted in Hugo Banzer claiming a narrow plurality vote victory of 22.26%, the lowest margin of victory for any presidential candidate in Bolivian history. As no candidate reached the required 50% majority, the National Congress convened to elect the president. Members of both chambers voted on the president. Banzer was supported by his ADN-NFR-PDC political alliance as well as by the MIR, CONDEPA, and UCS. Juan Carlos Durán would only receive the support of the MNR. The four IU and five MBL deputies abstained. Popular vote Congressional vote Hugo Banzer Jorge Quiroga ADN–PDC–NFR 484705 118 #9B2335 Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Juan Carlos Durán Percy Fernández 396235 30 Conscience of Fatherland Remedios Loza Gonzalo Ruiz Paz 373528 Revolutionary Left Movement Jaime Paz Zamora Samuel Doria Medina 365005 Solidarity Civic Unity Ivo Kuljis Fuchner Juan Chahín 350728 United Left Alejo Véliz Marcos Domic Ruiz 80806 Free Bolivia Movement Miguel Urioste Fernández Marcial Fabricano 67244 Bolivian Socialist Vanguard Jerjes Justiniano Talavera Sonia Montaño Ferrufino 30212 #EE82EE Patriotic Convergence Axis Ramiro Barrenechea Juan de la Cruz Villca Choque 18327 #8B0000 Bolivian Democratic Party Eudoro Galindo Ángel Cardona Ayoroa 10381 #008000 143946 0 3252501 157 Nohlen Chamber of Deputies File:Cámara de Diputados de Bolivia elecciones 1997.svg List Constituency ADN–PDC–NFR 484705 14 457470 18 32 – #9B2335 Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 396235 14 368777 12 26 –26 Conscience of Fatherland 373528 7 289828 12 19 +6 Revolutionary Left Movement 365005 11 358004 12 23 – Solidarity Civic Unity 350728 16 290472 5 21 +1 United Left 80806 0 81001 4 4 +4 Free Bolivia Movement 67244 0 130095 5 5 –2 Bolivian Socialist Vanguard 30212 0 34034 0 0 New #EE82EE Patriotic Convergence Axis 18327 0 32493 0 0 New #8B0000 Bolivian Democratic Party 10381 0 22079 0 0 New #008000 67203 52452 76743 199496 3252501 3252501 0 Nohlen, OEP, Election Passport, FUNDEMOS Chamber of Senators File:Senado de Bolivia elecciones 1997.svg ADN–PDC–NFR 484705 11 – #9B2335 Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 396235 4 –13 Conscience of Fatherland 373528 3 +2 Revolutionary Left Movement 365005 7 – Solidarity Civic Unity 350728 2 +1 United Left 80806 0 0 Free Bolivia Movement 67244 0 0 Bolivian Socialist Vanguard 30212 0 New #EE82EE Patriotic Convergence Axis 18327 0 New #8B0000 Bolivian Democratic Party 10381 0 New #008000 143946 3252501 0 Nohlen See also Bolivian National Congress, 1997–2002 References Bibliography Mesa Gisbert Carlos D. Carlos Mesa https://books.google.com/books?id=81F7AAAAMAAJ Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado 2003 Editorial Gisbert es General Category:Parliamentary elections in Bolivia Bolivia Category:Presidential elections in Bolivia