1999 Athens earthquake

6.0 Mw earthquake 1999 Athens earthquake Greece 1999-09-07 11:56:51 1655758 iscgem1655758 1999 09 07 14:56:51 EEST 6.0 w y 10.0 km on 38.06 23.51 region:GR_type:event inline,title Normal-slip Greece $3–4.2 billion IX 0.6 gAnastasiadis A.N. Demosthenous M. Karakostas C.H. Klimis N. Lekidis B. Margaris B. Papaioannou C.H. Papazachos C. Theodulidis N. The Athens (Greece) Earthquake of September 7, 1999: Preliminary Report on Strong Motion Data and Structural Response. http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/greece9-7-99/ https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150216/http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/greece9-7-99/ August 26, 2018 MCEER: Earthquake Engineering to Extreme Events 143 dead, 800–1,600 injured 50,000 homeless thumb|Ricomex industry (Vileda) thumb|Ricomex industry (Vileda) monument thumb|IDF relief mission, September 1999 The 1999 Athens earthquake occurred on September 7 at 14:56:51 local time 11:56:51 UTC near Mount Parnitha in Greece with a moment magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The proximity to the Athens metropolitan area resulted in widespread structural damage, mainly to the nearby suburban towns of Ano Liosia, Acharnes, Fyli, Thrakomakedones, Kifissia, Metamorfosi, Kamatero and Nea Filadelfeia. More than 100 buildings (including three major factories) across those areas collapsed trapping scores of victims under their rubble while dozens more were severely damaged. With damage estimated at $3–4.2 billion, 143 people were killed, and up to 1,600 were treated for injuries in Greece's deadliest natural disaster in almost half a century. Tectonic setting Greece is a seismically active country, located in a complex zone of interaction of the African, Eurasian, Aegean Sea, and Anatolian plates. Southern Greece itself is located on the Aegean Sea plate. The Anatolian Plate is moving southwest into the Aegean Sea plate at a rate of 3 cm per year relative to the Eurasian plate. Meanwhile, the African plate subduction beneath the Aegean Sea plate at a rate of 4 cm per year along the Hellenic Subduction Zone.Matthew W. Herman Gavin P. Hayes Gregory M. Smoczyk Rebecca Turner Bethan Turner Jennifer Jenkins Sian Davies Amy Parker Allison Sinclair Harley M. Benz Kevin P. Furlong Antonio Villaseñor Open-File Report Seismicity of the Earth 1900‒2013 Mediterranean Sea and vicinity https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20101083Q United States Geological Survey 2015 11 August 2021 Open-File Report 2010-1083-Q 10.3133/ofr20101083Q free Damage The quake began in the afternoon of 7 September 1999. It was the most devastating and costly natural disaster to hit the country in nearly 20 years. The last major earthquake to hit Athens took place on February 24, 1981, near the Alkyonides Islands of the Corinthian Gulf, some 87 km to the west of the Greek capital. Registering a moment magnitude of 6.7, the 1981 earthquake had resulted in the deaths of 20 people and considerable and widespread structural damage in the city of Corinth, nearby towns and sections of Athens' western suburbs.Papanikolaou I.D. Palaeoseismology: Historical and Prehistorical Records of Earthquake Ground Effects for Seismic Hazard Assessment Papanikolaou D.I. Lekkas E.L. 2009 9781862392762 Reicherter K. Geological Society, Special Publications 316 11–30 Advances and limitations of the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI 2007) regarding near-field and far-field effects from recent earthquakes in Greece: implications for the seismic hazard assessment 10.1144/SP316.2 130603646 Michetti A.M. Silva P.G. https://books.google.com/books?id=9Kwd1tbI64oC&q=Advances+and+limitations+of+the+Environmental+Seismic+Intensity+scale+%28ESI+2007%29+regarding+near-field+and+far-field+effects+from+recent+earthquakes+in+Greece%3A+implications+for+the+seismic+hazard+assessment&pg=PA11 Apart from the proximity of the epicenter to the Athens Metropolitan Area, this quake also featured a very shallow hypocenter combined with unusually high ground accelerations. Unexpectedly heavy damage also affected the town of Adames. The Acropolis of Athens and the rest of the city's famous ancient monuments escaped the disaster either totally unharmed or suffering only minor damage. A landslide as well as several fissures were reported along the road leading to the peak of Mount Parnitha. Regency Casino Mont Parnes was damaged by the earthquake, causing numerous rooms to collapse and the building's northeastern wing to detach from rest of the building. Jarvis Ruth 2004 Time Out Athens https://books.google.com/books?id=thWRaIxhEdUC Penguin Books 236 9780141010557 https://www.tovima.gr/2008/11/25/archive/i-anastasi-toy-mon-parnes/ Greek Η ανάσταση του Μον Παρνές The Resurrection of Mont Parnes Maria Thermou November 25, 2008 To Vima December 22, 2024 Minor damage was also reported to water and waste networks close to the epicenter.A. Elenas 2003 Athens earthquake of 7 September 1999: Intensity measures and observed damages http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset_40_tn.pdf ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology Indian Society of Earthquake Technology Technical Note 49 1 77–97 Strong motion Seismic gap thumb|222x222px|Rescue in Ano Liosia 7 September 1999. This event took Greek seismologists by surprise as it came from a previously unknown fault, originating in an area that was for a long time considered of a particularly low seismicity. The highest recorded peak ground acceleration was 0.3g, at 15 km from the epicentre, with attenuation predicting 0.6g acceleration at the centre.http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/greece9-7-99/ The Athens (Greece) Earthquake of September 7, 1999: Preliminary Report on Strong Motion Data and Structural Response Anastasiadis A. N. Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering MCEER 22 March 2011 etal 3 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203639/http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/greece9-7-99/ dead Response The tremor took place less than a month after a Turkish disaster which was much larger in scale. This succession of earthquakes and mutual help of both countries gave rise to talks about what became known as the "Greek-Turkish earthquake diplomacy", in hopes for a breakthrough in bilateral relations, which had been marred by decades of hostility. Turkey reciprocated the aid rendered by Greece immediately following the August 17, 1999 Turkish earthquake. A special taskforce was formed, consisting of the Undersecretariat of the Prime Ministry, the Turkish Armed Forces, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Internal Affairs and the Greek Embassy in Ankara was contacted. The Turkish aid was the first to arrive in the affected areas, with the first 20-person rescue team arriving in Athens within 13 hours after the earthquake struck. The Greek consulates and the embassy in Turkey had their phone lines jammed with Turkish citizens offering blood donations."Bu dostluk bitmez" tr See also List of earthquakes in 1999 List of earthquakes in Greece 2019 Athens earthquake References ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2013) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2017 International Seismological Centre Version 4.0 Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 dead September 29, 2006 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 Sources Br J Surg. 2004 Dec;91(12):1633–40. Autopsy findings from 111 deaths in the 1999 Athens earthquake as a basis for auditing the emergency response. Papadopoulos IN1, Kanakaris N, Triantafillidis A, Stefanakos J, Kainourgios A, Leukidis C. Further reading The Athens (Greece) Earthquake of September 7, 1999: Preliminary Report on Strong Motion Data and Structural Response. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203639/http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/greece9-7-99/ March 3, 2016 – MCEER The Athens, Greece Earthquake of September 7, 1999 – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute The Source Mechanism of the Athens Earthquake, September 7, 1999, Estimated from P Seismograms Recorded at Long Range – Springer Science+Business Media Pavlides, S., Papadopoulos, G. A., and Ganas, A., 1999. The 7th September 1999 unexpected earthquake of Athens: Preliminary results on the seismotectonic environment, 1st Conf. Advances in Natural Hazards Mitigation: Experiences from Europe and Japan, Programme-Abstracts-Reports, Athens, 3–4 November 1999, 80–85. Ganas A. Papadopoulos G. Pavlides S. B. 2001 The 7th September 1999 Athens 5.9 Ms earthquake: remote sensing and digital elevation model inputs towards identifying the seismic fault International Journal of Remote Sensing 22 1 191–196 10.1080/014311601750038938 2001IJRS...22..191G 130681996 Ganas, A., Stavrakakis, G., Lagios, E., Papadopoulos, G., & Pavlides, S., Investigation of the seismic fault that ruptured during the 7/9/99 Athens earthquake using space techniques, RSPS 2001 Proceedings, Natural Hazards Lekkas E. The Athens earthquake (7 September 1999): intensity distribution and controlling factors Engineering Geology 59 3–4 2001 0013-7952 10.1016/s0013-7952(00)00119-8 297–311 2001EngGe..59..297L External links 1655758 Category:Earthquakes in Greece Athens Category:1990s in Athens Athens earthquake Category:September 1999 in Europe Category:1999 disasters in Greece