1894–95 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1894–95 United States Senate elections United States 1891 legislative no 1892–93 United States Senate elections 1892 & 1893 1896–97 United States Senate elections 1896 & 1897 Class 2 1888–89 United States Senate elections 1888 & 1889 1900–01 United States Senate elections 1900 & 1901 30 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 45 Dates vary by state Seats up x180px Republican Party (US) John Sherman as Republican Conference Chair John-Sherman-2.jpg March 4, 1891 Ohio 37 16 18 39 2 Democratic Party (US) Arthur Pue Gorman as Democratic Caucus Chair Arthur Pue Gorman.jpg March 4, 1889 Maryland 44 14 10 40 4 Populist Party (US) 3 0 1 4 1 Silver Party 1 0 0 1 Majority Party Democratic Party (US) Republican Party (US) File:1894-95 Senate Map.svg 380 px Results of the elections:#92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#288B37 Populist gain #000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1894–95 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1894 and 1895, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Republican Party gained plurality control of the Senate with the support of the Populist Party and the Silver Party. Results summary Senate party division, 54th Congress (1895–1897) Plurality: Republican: 42 Minority: Democrats: 39 Other parties: Populist: 4, Silver: 2 Total: 88 Vacant: 1, due to failure to elect. Later filled by a Democrat Change in composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1894, including early elections in Mississippi and Virginia. D1 D2 D3 D4 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D34Ky. KentuckyRan D33Ga. GeorgiaRan D32Ark. ArkansasRan D31Ala. AlabamaRan D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D35La. LouisianaRan D36N.C. North CarolinaRan D37S.C. South CarolinaRan D38Tenn. TennesseeRan D39W.Va. West VirginiaRan D40Kan. KansasUnknown D41N.J. New JerseyUnknown D42Miss. MississippiRetired D43TexasRetired D44Va. VirginiaRetired Majority with vacancies → R35IowaRetired R36Mont. MontanaRetired R37R.I. Rhode IslandRetired S1 P1 P2 P3 V3 V2 V1 R34Neb. NebraskaUnknown R33Wyo. WyomingRan R32S.D. South DakotaRan R31Ore. OregonRan R30N.H. New HampshireRan R29Minn. MinnesotaRan R28Mich. MichiganRan R27Mass. MassachusettsRan R26MaineRan R25Ill. IllinoisRan R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22Colo. ColoradoRan R23Del. DelawareRan R24IdahoRan R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R1 R2 R3 R4 Result of the general elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D34La. LouisianaAppointee electedSame D33Ky. KentuckyRe-elected D32Ark. ArkansasRe-elected D31Ala. AlabamaRe-elected D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D35Tenn. TennesseeRe-elected D36Ga. GeorgiaHold D37Miss. MississippiHoldEarly Elected early D38S.C. South CarolinaHold D39TexasHold D40Va. VirginiaHoldEarly P4N.C. North CarolinaGain P3 V1 V2 No majority R35R.I. Rhode IslandHold R36Wyo. WyomingHold R37Kan. KansasGain R38N.J. New JerseyGain R39W.Va. West VirginiaGain S1 P1 P2 V4Del. DelawareR Loss V3 R34Ore. OregonHold R33Neb. NebraskaHold R32Mont. MontanaHold R31Minn. MinnesotaHold R30IowaHold R29S.D. South DakotaRe-elected R28N.H. New HampshireRe-elected R27Mich. MichiganRe-elected R26Mass. MassachusettsRe-elected R25MaineRe-elected R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22Colo. ColoradoRe-elected R23IdahoRe-elected R24Ill. IllinoisRe-elected R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R1 R2 R3 R4 Result of the special elections and party change D1Calif. CaliforniaAppointee elected D2La. LouisianaAppointee elected D3 D4 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D34La. LouisianaAppointee electedSame Same result for this seat in general and special elections D33 D32 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D35 D36Ga. GeorgiaAppointee elected D37Miss. MississippiHold D38 D39 P4 P3 P2 P1 V1 ↓ Republican plurality (majority with Silver support →) S1 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39Mont. MontanaGainfrom V R40Wash. WashingtonGainfrom V R41Wyo. WyomingGainfrom V R42N.C. North CarolinaGainfrom D S2Nev. NevadaChanged from R R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R1Mich. MichiganHold R2 R3 R4 Key: D# Democratic P# Populist R# Republican S# Silver V# Vacant Race summaries Elections during the 53rd Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1894 or in 1895 before March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi(Class 2) Edward C. Walthall Democratic 1885 (appointed)1886 (special)18891892 (early) Incumbent resigned due to ill health.New senator elected February 7, 1894.Democratic hold.Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/20/108208934.html?zoom=15.21 The New York Times January 20, 1892 GEORGE AND WALTHALL ELECTED 1 Democratic Party (US) Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) February 2020 Louisiana(Class 2) Donelson Caffery Democratic 1892 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 23, 1894. Byrd 114Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below. Democratic Party (US) Donelson Caffery (Democratic) February 2020 Louisiana(Class 3) Newton C. Blanchard Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 23, 1894. Byrd 115 Democratic Party (US) Newton C. Blanchard (Democratic) February 2020 Georgia(Class 2) Patrick Walsh Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 7, 1894. Byrd 96Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. Democratic Party (US) Patrick Walsh (Democratic) February 2020 North Carolina(Class 3) Thomas Jarvis Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term.New senator elected November 7, 1894.Republican gain.New senator qualified January 23, 1895. Republican Party (US) Jeter C. Pritchard (Republican) February 2020 Montana(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected January 16, 1895.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Lee Mantle (Republican) February 2020 Wyoming(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected January 23, 1895.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Clarence D. Clark (Republican) February 2020 California(Class 3) George C. Perkins Republican 1893 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 23, 1895. Byrd 83 Republican Party (US) George C. Perkins (Republican) February 2020 Michigan(Class 1) John Patton Jr. Republican 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.New senator elected January 24, 1895.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Julius C. Burrows (Republican) February 2020 Washington(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected February 1, 1895.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) John L. Wilson (Republican) February 2020 Elections leading to the 54th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1895; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama John T. Morgan Democratic 187618821888 Incumbent re-elected in 1894. Democratic Party (US) John T. Morgan (Democratic) February 2020 Arkansas James Berry Democratic 1885 (special)1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Democratic Party (US) James Berry (Democratic) February 2020 Colorado Edward O. Wolcott Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) Edward O. Wolcott (Republican) February 2020 Delaware Anthony C. Higgins Republican 1888–89 Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss. Republican Party (US)Anthony C. Higgins (Republican)February 2020 Georgia Patrick Walsh Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected in 1894.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Augustus Bacon (Democratic) February 2020 Idaho George Shoup Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) George Shoup (Republican) February 2020 Illinois Shelby M. Cullom Republican 18821888 Incumbent re-elected in 1894. Republican Party (US) Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) February 2020 Iowa James F. Wilson Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 17, 1894. Clark 234Republican hold. Republican Party (US) John H. Gear (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Horace Boies (Democratic) Kansas John Martin Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in January 1895.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Lucien Baker (Republican) February 2020 Kentucky William Lindsay Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 16, 1894, after an election on January 9, 1894. https://books.google.com/books?id=8eFSK4o--M0C&pg=PA558 The Kentucky Encyclopedia John E. Kleber 1992 558 University Press of Kentucky 0-8131-2883-8 Democratic Party (US) William Lindsay (Democratic) 89 Republican Party (US) Frank Finley (Republican) 30 Republican Party (US) Clarence Bate (Republican) 1 Louisiana Donelson Caffery Democratic 1891 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 14, 1894.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/05/15/106905137.html?zoom=15.280000000000001 The New York Times May 15, 1894 MR. CAFFERY HIS OWN SUCCESSOR 1Winner was later elected to finish the current term; see below. Democratic Party (US) Donelson Caffery (Democratic) 97 Unknown[FNU] Jones (Unknown) 21 UnknownAllen Barksdale (Unknown) 7 Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (special)18831889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) William P. Frye (Republican) February 2020 Massachusetts George F. Hoar Republican 187718831889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) George F. Hoar (Republican) February 2020 Michigan James McMillan Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) James McMillan (Republican) February 2020 Minnesota W. D. Washburn Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1895.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Knute Nelson (Republican) Republican Party (US)W. D. Washburn (Republican) February 2020 Mississippi Anselm J. McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent retired as predecessor had already been elected early to the next term January 20, 1892.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) UnknownClerk Lewis (Unknown) UnknownC. E. Hooker (Unknown) Montana Thomas C. Power Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in January 1895. Goodspeed 457Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Thomas H. Carter (Republican) February 2020 Nebraska Charles F. Manderson Republican 18831888 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected January 15, 1895.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) John M. Thurston (Republican) Democratic Party (US)William Jennings Bryan (Democratic) February 2020 New Hampshire William E. Chandler Republican 1887 (special)1889 (failure to elect)1889 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Republican Party (US) William E. Chandler (Republican) February 2020 New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 187718831889 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1895.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) William Joyce Sewell (Republican) February 2020 North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (special)187618831889 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1894.Populist gain. Populist Party (US) Marion Butler (Populist) Democratic Party (US)Matt W. Ransom (Democratic) February 2020 Oregon Joseph N. Dolph Republican 18821888 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 23, 1895.http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000300 George Wycliffe McBride Biographical Directory of the United States Congress United States Congress October 27, 2016Republican hold. Republican Party (US) George W. McBride (Republican) Republican Party (US)Joseph N. Dolph (Republican) February 2020 Rhode Island Nathan F. Dixon III Republican 1889 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1894.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) George P. Wetmore (Republican) February 2020 South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 187618821888 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected in 1894.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) February 2020 South Dakota Richard F. Pettigrew Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1894. Republican Party (US) Richard F. Pettigrew (Republican) February 2020 Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 187718831889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895. Democratic Party (US) Isham G. Harris (Democratic) February 2020 Texas Richard Coke Democratic 187618831889 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 23, 1895.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Horace Chilton (Democratic) 128 Populist Party (US) Thomas L. Nugent (Populist) 23 Democratic Party (US) Thomas S. Smith (Democratic) 1https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/SenateJournals/24/01231895_14_67.pdf Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas: Regular Session of 1895. January 24, 1895 Austin, Texas 73–74 Fourteenth Day Virginia Eppa Hunton Democratic 1892 (appointed)1893 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator was already elected early December 19, 1893.The New York Times December 20, 1893 "TWO VIRGINIA SENATORS ELECTED" https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/12/20/109272620.html?zoom=15.26 Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) February 2020 West Virginia Johnson N. Camden Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 23, 1895. The New York Times January 24, 1895 5 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/24/102444762.html?zoom=15.64 Elkins Elected in West Virginia Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 60 Democratic Party (US)Johnson N. Camden (Democratic) 29 Populist Party (US)[FNU] Neal (Populist) 2 Wyoming Joseph M. Carey Republican 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1895.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Francis E. Warren (Republican) Republican Party (US)Joseph M. Carey (Republican) Elections during the 54th Congress There were no elections in 1895 after March 4. Alabama List of United States senators from Alabama February 2020 Former brigadier general in the Confederate States Army John T. Morganhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/570389132/?terms=%22tyler%20morgan%22%20%22klan%22&match=1 The Selma Times-Journal 15 Mar 1924, page 8 was re-elected as one of the two senators in the state of Alabama. His tenure as senator ended in 1907 when he died in office.https://archive.org/details/johntylermorgans0000fryj/ 978-0-87049-753-7 John Tyler Morgan and the search for southern autonomy 1992 Fry Joseph A. University of Tennessee Press Arkansas List of United States senators from Arkansas February 2020 California (special) List of United States senators from California February 2020 Colorado List of United States senators from Colorado February 2020 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware February 2020 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia February 2020 Georgia (special) List of United States senators from Georgia February 2020 Idaho List of United States senators from Idaho February 2020 Illinois List of United States senators from Illinois February 2020 Iowa List of United States senators from Iowa February 2020 Kansas List of United States senators from Kansas February 2020 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky February 2020 Louisiana List of United States senators from Louisiana February 2020 Interim appointee Donelson Caffery (D) was elected May 14, 1894 to the next term. He was later (May 23, 1894) elected to finish the current term. Louisiana (special, class 2) List of United States senators from Louisiana February 2020 Randall L. Gibson (D) had been re-elected in 1889, but died December 15, 1892. Donelson Caffery (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana December 31, 1892 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 14, 1894, Caffery was elected to the next term, and on May 23, 1894, Caffery was elected to finish the current term. Louisiana (special, class 3) List of United States senators from Louisiana February 2020 Edward Douglass White (D) had been elected in 1891, but resigned March 12, 1894 when appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Newton C. Blanchard (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana March 12, 1894 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 23, 1894, Blanchard was elected to finish the current term, which would end March 3, 1897. Maine List of United States senators from Maine February 2020 Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts February 2020 Michigan List of United States senators from Michigan February 2020 Michigan (special) List of United States senators from Michigan February 2020 Minnesota List of United States senators from Minnesota February 2020 Mississippi 1892 United States Senate elections in Mississippi List of United States senators from Mississippi February 2020 Mississippi (special) List of United States senators from Mississippi 1892 United States Senate elections in Mississippi February 2020 Montana List of United States senators from Montana February 2020 Montana (special) List of United States senators from Montana February 2020 Nebraska List of United States senators from Nebraska February 2020 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire February 2020 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey February 2020 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina February 2020 North Carolina (special) List of United States senators from North Carolina February 2020 Oregon List of United States senators from Oregon February 2020 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island February 2020 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina February 2020 South Dakota List of United States senators from South Dakota February 2020 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee February 2020 Texas List of United States senators from Texas February 2020 Virginia 1893 United States Senate election in Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia February 2020 Washington (special) List of United States senators from Washington February 2020 John B. Allen (R) had been elected in 1889 as one of the first senators from Washington. In 1893, however, the Washington State Legislature failed to elect a senator for the term beginning March 4, 1893. The governor appointed Allen to serve until March 20, 1893, but the Senate rejected his credentials. John L. Wilson (R) was elected February 1, 1895 to finish the term, that would end March 3, 1899, taking his seat February 19, 1895. West Virginia List of United States senators from West Virginia February 2020 Wyoming List of United States senators from Wyoming February 2020 Wyoming (special) List of United States senators from Wyoming February 2020 See also 1894 United States elections 1894 United States House of Representatives elections 53rd United States Congress 54th United States Congress Notes 30em References Byrd Robert C. Robert Byrd Wendy Wolff The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992 volume 4 Bicentennial United States Senate Historical Office Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office October 1, 1993 978-0-16-063256-3 Byrd https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C Clark Dan Elbert History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 1913 Clark https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ https://books.google.com/books?id=GuUyAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA457 Goodspeed The Province and the States: A History of the Province of Louisiana Under France and Spain, And of the Territories and States of the United States Formed Therefrom Weston Arthur Goodspeed Vol. VI 1904 Madison, Wisconsin Western Historical Association