2004 Indonesian legislative election

None January 2023 2004 Indonesian legislative election Indonesia parliamentary no 1999 Indonesian legislative election 1999 2009 Indonesian legislative election 2009 All 550 seats in the House of Representatives 276 List of members of the People's Representative Council, 1999–2004 List of members of the People's Representative Council, 2004–2009 5 April 2004 148,000,369 84.07% 120x120px Akbar Tandjung, Buku Kenangan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 1999-2004, p564.jpg Akbar Tandjung Golkar 120 seats,22.44% 128 8 24,480,757 21.58% 4.39% President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia (cropped).jpg Megawati Sukarnoputri Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle 153 seats,33.74% 109 44 21,026,629 18.53% 15.21% Alwi Shihab.jpg Alwi Shihab National Awakening Party 51 seats,12.61% 52 1 11,989,564 10.57% 0.46% Hamzah Haz official portrait.jpg Hamzah Haz United Development Party 58 seats,10.71% 58 0 9,248,764 8.15% 2.56% Anggota Wantimpres S. Budhisantoso.png Subur Budhisantoso Democratic Party (Indonesia) Did not contest 55 New party 8,455,225 7.45% New party Hidayat Nur Wahid.jpg Hidayat Nur Wahid Prosperous Justice Party 7 seats,1.36% 45 38 8,325,020 7.34% 5.96% Amien Rais.jpg Amien Rais National Mandate Party 34 seats,7.12% 53 19 7,303,324 6.44% 0.68% KIB Yusril Ihza Mahendra.jpg Yusril Ihza Mahendra PBB 13 seats,1.94% 11 2 2,970,487 2.62% 0.68% Kh-zainuddin-mz.jpg 85 2 9 2 37 Bursah Zarnubi PBR Did not contest 14 New party 2,764,998 2.44% New party 2004 Indonesian legislative election results map by electoral district.svg Results by electoral district Speaker Akbar Tandjung Golkar Agung Laksono Golkar Legislative elections were held in on 5 April 2004 for both houses of the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia. This included all 550 seats in the People's Representative Council and 128 seats of the newly formed Regional Representative Council. Final results of the popular vote tally showed that Golkar, the former ruling party of the New Order era, received the most votes. It had lost to the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in the 1999 legislative election. The Democratic Party and the Prosperous Justice Party, two of the newest parties to participate in the elections, received a combined 15% of the popular vote. Based on the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council, Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, the National Awakening Party, the United Development Party, the Democratic Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, and the National Mandate Party were qualified to submit candidates for the country's first direct presidential election later in the year. The election has been described as the most complicated election in the history of democracy. Paul Dillon 'SBY' is the people's choice in Indonesia https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-07-01-indonesia-usat_x.htm USA Today 1 July 2004 9 June 2009 2 July 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20040702121552/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-07-01-indonesia-usat_x.htm live Freedom in the World – Indonesia (2005) http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/473c54fc23.html Freedom House 20 December 2004 9 June 2009 8 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121008074458/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/473c54fc23.html live Background right 340 horizontal Logo Pemilu 2004.svg Logo of the election Logo of the election Maskot Pemilu 2004.svg Mascot of the election Mascot of the election During its 2002 annual session, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) added 14 amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. Included in these amendments were measures to reorganise the legislature. Beginning in 2004, the MPR was composed of the existing People's Representative Council (DPR) and a new Regional Representative Council (DPD). Because all the seats in the MPR were directly elected, this called for the removal of the military from the legislature, whose 38 seats in the Assembly were appointed. Richel Langit Indonesia's military: Business as usual http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/DH16Ae06.html https://web.archive.org/web/20020819185214/http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/DH16Ae06.html unfit 19 August 2002 Asia Times Online 16 August 2002 9 June 2009 This change and an amendment for direct election of the President and Vice President were significant steps for Indonesia on the road towards full democracy. John Aglionby Indonesia takes a giant step down the road to democracy https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/11/indonesia.johnaglionby The Guardian 11 August 2002 10 June 2009 26 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130826150932/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/11/indonesia.johnaglionby live On 13 July 2003, President Megawati Sukarnoputri signed into effect a law outlining the composition of the reorganised MPR. The new DPD was composed of four representatives from each of the 32 provinces of Indonesia, not totalling more than one-third of the members of the DPR. The revised constitution also set membership in the DPR at 550. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2003 http://www.dpd.go.id/dpd.go.id/documents/peraturan_perundangan/peraturan_perundangan_20070321_165709.doc Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat id DOC 21 March 2007 7 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20120428201350/http://dpd.go.id/dpd.go.id/documents/peraturan_perundangan/peraturan_perundangan_20070321_165709.doc 2012-04-28 dead Electoral campaign During the first phases of registration, 150 parties were registered with the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. However, this number was reduced to 50 and then 24 after scrutiny from the newly created General Election Commission.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 4–5 none This reduction from the 48 parties that stood in the 1999 legislative election was attributed mainly to a new election law that allowed only parties that had won 2% of seats in the DPR, or 3% of seats in provincial and municipal legislatures in half of the provinces to stand in the 2004 election. Only six parties met this requirement, and the remaining parties were required to merge or reorganise into a new party. Chanintira na Thalang June 2005 The Legislative Elections in Indonesia, April 2004 Electoral Studies 24 2 326–332 10.1016/j.electstud.2004.10.006 https://zenodo.org/record/896485 2019-06-30 2020-02-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20200214111749/https://zenodo.org/record/896485 live The campaign period for parties and candidates began on 11 March and continued until 1 April. It was split into two phases by Nyepi, the Balinese day of silence. Parties delivered their national agendas indoors between 11 and 25 March. Although this was meant to encourage dialogue between parties and their constituents, these events were poorly attended. The International Foundation for Electoral Systems conducted a tracking survey that showed not all voters knew how to vote for candidates of the new DPD, or were even aware it existed. + Schedule of the 2004 legislative election11 March–1 AprilActive campaigning by parties for the People's Representative Council and by candidates for the Regional Representative Council2–4 AprilQuiet time5 AprilElection day (national holiday)21–30 AprilAnnouncement of results followed by allocation of seats Up to 475,000 candidates were nominated by the political parties in the national, provincial, and regental levels. More than 1,200 candidates stood for 128 seats in the DPD, and 7,756 candidates stood for 550 seats in the DPR. Candidates were elected in an open list system. Conduct Election day, 5 April, was relatively free of major incidents and irregularities. Minor violations included officials helping elderly voters cast and submit ballots. Two Indonesian election officials were also reported killed when delivering voting equipment in Papua. The Australian Parliamentary Observer Delegation and the European Union Election Observer Mission were among the organisations observing the election.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 19 noneSissener 2004 1 none Results The election results determined which political parties were eligible to submit candidates for Indonesia's first direct presidential election, which was held on 5 July. Only parties that received 5% of the popular vote or 3% of seats in the People's Representative Council could submit candidates. Parties that did not meet these criteria had to join with other parties to meet at least one criterion.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 70 none The counting of votes took one month, and the final results were announced on 5 May, one week later than was initially scheduled. Of 148,000,369 registered voters, 124,420,339 ballots (84%) were submitted. Of these ballots, 113,462,414 were considered valid, and 10,957,925 were declared invalid. In the People's Representative Council, Golkar received the most number of seats. It had previously lost to the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in the 1999 legislative election after being in power since 1970. However, fourteen of the twenty-four participating parties refused to certify the election results after allegations of irregular vote counting. Moch. N. Kurniawan Muninggar Sri Saraswati Golkar back in power at House http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/05/06/golkar-back-power-house.html The Jakarta Post 6 May 2004 9 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110607115332/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/05/06/golkar-back-power-house.html 7 June 2011 right|300px Golkar right|300px PDI-P right|300px PKB right|300px PPP right|300px Demokrat right|300px PKS right|300px PAN right|300px PBB <onlyinclude>File:DPR RI 2004–2009.svg Golkar 24480757 128 +8 Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle 21026629 109 −44 National Awakening Party 11989564 52 +1 United Development Party 9248764 58 0 Democratic Party  8455225 55 New Prosperous Justice Party 8325020 45 +38 National Mandate Party 7303324 53 +19 Crescent Star Party  2970487 11 −2 Reform Star Party 2764998 14 New Prosperous Peace Party 2414254 13 New Concern for the Nation Functional Party 2399290 2 New Indonesian Justice and Unity Party 1424240 1 −3 United Democratic Nationhood Party 1313654 4 New Freedom Bull National Party 1230455 0 New Pancasila Patriots' Party 1073139 0 New Indonesian National Party Marhaenism 923159 1 +1 Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party 895610 0 −5 Pioneers' Party 878932 3 New Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party 855811 1 −1 Freedom Party  842541 0 New Indonesian Unity Party 679296 0 New New Indonesia Alliance Party 672952 0 New Regional Unity Party 657916 0 New Social Democrat Labor Party 636397 0 0 10957925 148000369 +50 KPU By province ProvinceTotalseatsSeats wonGolkarPDI-PPPPDemokratPANPKBPKSPBRPDSPBBPPDKPPPKPBPKPIPPDIPNIAceh132022202201000000North Sumatra296533302330010000West Sumatra144021202102000000Riau113111111101000000Jambi72111101000000000South Sumatra164222211101000000Bengkulu41110100000000000Lampung174412212000001000Bangka Belitung31100000001000000Riau Islands31100100000000000Jakarta212325205020000000West Java9024181398313011000000Central Java761224888133000000000Yogyakarta81201211000000000East Java861320896282000000000Banten225422223101000000Bali92501000000001000West Nusa Tenggara103111101101000000East Nusa Tenggara135301000010010110West Kalimantan103211100110000000Central Kalimantan62111100000000000South Kalimantan112121111101000000East Kalimantan72111101000000000North Sulawesi62111000010000000Central Sulawesi62110100010000000South Sulawesi2410221202201200000Southeast Sulawesi52110100000000000Gorontalo32010000000000000Maluku41100001010000000North Maluku31000001000100000West Irian Jaya31100000010000000Papua103100110010110001Total5501281095855535245141311432111Source: Ananta, Arifin & SuryadinataAnanta Aris Emerging Democracy in Indonesia Arifin Evi Nurvidya Suryadinata Leo Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 2005 981-230-323-5 Singapore 44–45 Seat allocation To achieve proportional representation, seat allocation was conducted using the largest remainder method, whereby the Hare quota was used to determine seats automatically secured by individual parties. Any remaining seats assigned to the electoral region were allocated to remaining political parties based on the rank order of their remaining votes.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 28–9 none + Seating redistribution in the People's Representative Council Province Seat Gain Seat LossWest KalimantanReform Star Party (PBR)+1Freedom Bull National Party (PNBK)−1Central SulawesiNational Mandate Party (PAN)+1Democratic Party (PD)−2West PapuaProsperous Peace Party (PDS)+1PapuaPioneers' Party (PP)+1United Democratic Nationhood Party (PPDK)−1 A total of 273 disputes were brought before the Constitutional Court, the last of which were decided on 21 June. Of these cases, 38 decisions affected the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council and provincial and regental legislatures. The Democratic Party lost two seats, one to the National Mandate Party and Prosperous Peace Party each. The Pioneers' Party gained one seat from the United Democratic Nationhood Party. Meanwhile, the only seat allocated to the Freedom Bull National Party by the General Election Commission was reassigned to the Reform Star Party. M. Taufiqurrahman Court completes hearings into electoral disputes http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/22/court-completes-hearings-electoral-disputes.html The Jakarta Post 22 June 2004 9 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110607115421/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/22/court-completes-hearings-electoral-disputes.html 7 June 2011 After the resolution of all disputes, sixteen parties received at least one seat in the People's Representative Council, while eight received none. The inconsistency in the order of parties according to votes received and seats allocated arose due to a special rule created to address uneven population distribution between Java and other islands.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 27 none This rule stipulates that the Hare quota values for the provinces in Java were on average higher than those for the outer islands. A party require fewer votes to automatically secure a seat outside of Java. For example, the National Awakening Party (PKB) received more votes than the National Mandate Party (PAN) but received nearly the same number of seats. More than half of PKB seats were received in the party's stronghold of East Java, where the quota value was higher. In contrast, only four of PAN seats were automatically secured. Analysis Results showed that Golkar, the former ruling party of the New Order era led by People's Representative Council Speaker Akbar Tanjung, had won the most number of seats, defeating President Megawati Sukarnoputri's Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Golkar received more votes than other parties in twenty-six out of thirty-two provinces.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 40 none However, these results occurred because of declining PDI-P popularity rather than an increase in Golkar's popularity. Golkar's support in its traditional stronghold of Sulawesi declined due to the performance of medium and small parties in the region.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 43–4 none Despite winning the largest share of vote once again in Bali, PDI-P performance there suffered the greatest after the 2002 bombings by terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah devastated the island province's economy.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 46–7 none Both the National Awakening Party (PKB) and the United Development Party (PPP), both of whom were considered Islamist parties, maintained their rankings in the People's Representative Council. The PKB, co-founded by former President and former Nahdlatul Ulama Chairman Abdurrahman Wahid, continued to perform well in its stronghold of East Java despite losing votes.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 48–52 none The Islamic Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) and the Democratic Party (PD) finished first and second, respectively, in Jakarta, where voting patterns were considered a "barometer of Indonesian politics". Together, both parties received 43% of the vote in the capital city.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 58 none Polarisation of voting patterns based on religion was evident in the eastern provinces. Christianity-based Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) received 15% of the vote in Christian-dominated North Sulawesi and 13 seats overall in the People's Representative Council. Likewise, Muslims were more likely to vote for the PKS in regions where religious conflict has been historically prevalent.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 60–1 none Aftermath The 2004 legislative election was the most complicated in Indonesian history because Indonesians had to vote for representatives at the national, provincial, and regental levels.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 15 none These factors made Indonesia's electoral system unique from other systems in the world.Shimizu Hazri 2004 14 none The election was described as the longest and most complicated election in the history of democracy and secured the nation's place as the world's third-largest democracy. Even before the election, the seat allocation system for the People's Representative Council was also deemed "the most complicated in the world" by several news sources across the country. Budi Nugraha Persoalan Teknis Seputar Pemilu Bisa Jadi Politis http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0308/19/nas24.htm Suara Merdeka 19 August 2003 id 9 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090312064742/http://suaramerdeka.com/harian/0308/19/nas24.htm 12 March 2009 dead dmy-all Sidik Pramono Timbul-Tenggelamnya Wacana Amandemen Alokasi Kursi DPR http://www2.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0312/15/nasional/743020.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20031230051619/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0312/15/nasional/743020.htm Kompas 15 December 2003 id 30 December 2003 9 June 2009 Seven political parties met the criteria to submit candidates for the July presidential election: Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the National Awakening Party (PKB), the United Development Party (PPP), the Democratic Party (PD), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the National Mandate Party (PAN). The PKS was the only party not to nominate candidates, but it threw its support behind PAN's Amien Rais. Newly elected members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and members of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) took the oath of office in separate sessions on 1 October, one day later than was scheduled. Pelantikan DPR dan DPD Mundur http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nasional/2004/07/01/brk,20040701-12,id.html Tempo 1 July 2004 id 9 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110927214949/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nasional/2004/07/01/brk%2C20040701-12%2Cid.html 27 September 2011 Both houses then convened together in the early morning of 2 October and took the oath of office as the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Pelantikan DPR, DPD, dan MPR Selesai, Selesai Pula Tugas KPU Berkenaan Dengan Pemilu Legislatif http://www.kpu.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5529 Komisi Pemilihan Umum id 9 June 2009 27 September 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110927070847/http://www.kpu.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5529 live Ginandjar Kartasasmita was elected the inaugural chairman of the DPD with 72 of 128 votes in a run-off against Irman Gusman on 1 October. The following day, Agung Laksono of Golkar was elected Speaker of the DPR by a vote of 280 to 257. The Chairman of the MPR was not elected until several days later when Hidayat Nur Wahid of the PKS won the vote 326 to 324 against PDI-P's Sutjipto.Ananta Arifin Suryadinata 2005 33 none On 5 October three regencies were carved out of the province of South Sulawesi to form West Sulawesi as the 33rd province of Indonesia.Sejarah Terbentuknya Sulawesi Barat http://www.sulbar.com/open.php?page=Sejarah Sulawesi Barat Online id 9 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081219035000/http://www.sulbar.com/open.php?page=Sejarah December 19, 2008 Because this occurred after the elections, West Sulawesi was not represented in the Regional Representative Council until the 2009 legislative election. See also List of members of the People's Representative Council, 2004–2009 References 3 Bibliography Ananta Aris Arifin Evi Nurvidya Suryadinata Leo amp Emerging Democracy in Indonesia Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 2005 978-981-230-322-6 Partai-partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program, 2004–2009 Jakarta Kompas 2004 978-979-709-121-7 id Shimizu Maiko Hazri Herizal amp Indonesia: General Assembly Election, Presidential Election, 2004 Bangkok Asian Network for Free Elections 2004 http://www.anfrel.org/report/indonesia/indonesia_2004/indonesia_2004.pdf 10 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110726214236/http://www.anfrel.org/report/indonesia/indonesia_2004/indonesia_2004.pdf 26 July 2011 Sissener Tone The Republic of Indonesia: General and Presidential Elections, April – September 2004 http://www.humanrights.uio.no/forskning/publikasjoner/nordem-rapport/2004/12.pdf Norwegian Centre for Human Rights 2004 978-82-90851-80-9 9 June 2009 November 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes The Carter Center 2004 Indonesia Election Report http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/2161.pdf Carter Center 2005 11 June 2009 14 June 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070614025148/http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/2161.pdf dead External links General Election Commission id EconPapers: The Political Robustness in Indonesia Psephos – Adam Carr's Election Archive: Republic of Indonesia 2004 legislative election Indonesia Legislative Category:Legislative elections in Indonesia Category:People's Consultative Assembly Legislative