2006 Hajj stampede

Crowd crush in Mecca February 2020 2006 Hajj stampede 2006 01 12 y Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 21 24 48 N 39 53 36 E inline 1,000+ 363 The 2006 Hajj stampede or crush resulted in the deaths of 363 pilgrims on 12 January 2006 during the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The stampede occurred on Jamaraat Bridge around 1 pm on 12 January 2006, the fifth and final day of the Hajj. Between two and three million pilgrims attended the Hajj in 2006.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/12/saudiarabia.religion Hundreds killed in hajj stampede Oliver Mark 2006-01-12 The Guardian 2019-10-19 agencies en-GB 0261-3077https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/world/middleeast/stampede-during-pilgrimage-to-mecca-kills-345.html Stampede During Pilgrimage to Mecca Kills 345 Fattah Hassan M. 2006-01-13 The New York Times 2019-10-18 en-US 0362-4331 Earlier, on 5 January at least 76 pilgrims had died when a hostel collapsed in Mecca.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4586678.stm Mecca disaster toll rises to 76 2006-01-06 2019-10-19 en-GB The January 12 stampede was caused by pilgrims tripping over luggage. Background Hajj The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage in Mecca undertaken by able-bodied Muslims at least once in their lifetime. It consists of a series of rites including the Stoning of the Devil (ar رمي الجمرات ar ramī aj-jamarāt, lit. literally "stoning of the ar jamarāt [place of pebbles]")Burton Richard Francis Richard Francis Burton Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog 1857 226 The word jamrah is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.Abū Dāʼūd Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519–1337 https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ 1984 Sh. M. Ashraf 9789694320977 1204. Jamrah originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar. Abū Dāʼūd which takes place in Mina, a district of Mecca. The stoning ritual is the last major ritual and is often regarded as the most dangerous part of the Hajj, with stampedes having occurred in the past.Satan stoned – most dangerous hajj rite http://www.news24.com/World/News/Satan-stoned-most-dangerous-hajj-rite-20111106 24 September 2015 News24 6 November 2011 25 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191025193122/https://www.news24.com/World/News/Satan-stoned-most-dangerous-hajj-rite-20111106 dead With a history of fatal stampedes and crushes at the Hajj – including a stampede which killed 244 in 2004 – authorities in Mecca had taken steps in the hopes of reducing chances of another stampede, including the issuing of a fatwa extending the permitted hours of the ritual.thumb|Mina camp sites, 2011. Incident & casualties Tens of thousands of pilgrims rushing to finish a symbolic stoning ritual before sunset during the annual pilgrimage tripped over luggage on Thursday, 12 January 2006, causing a stampede which killed 363 peopleSaudi spokesman updates death toll in hajj stampede https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1519360&crid=bf320de5-fff8-492a-bfd9-a4c60c3b8bce&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A4J1R-5XB0-TX34-N343-00000-00&pddocid=urn%3AcontentItem%3A4J1R-5XB0-TX34-N343-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=10962&pdteaserkey=sr29&pditab=allpods&ecomp=wfq9k&earg=sr29&prid=06096317-5e92-4b8f-bbc6-9d4369fd06f4 13 January 2006 and injured hundreds more.Nasrawi Salah At least 345 die in stampede at pilgrimage https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/13/saudiarabia.religion 13 January 2006 The Guardian 261–3077 Saudi Interior Ministry Spokesman Major-General Mansur al-Turki said that the incident took place at 12:28 [09:28 GMT]. The stampede occurred at Jamarat Bridge, during an event where stones are thrown by pilgrims to three pillars representing the devil to purge themselves of sin. Genders and nationalities of casualties The number of fatalities reached 363, of whom 203 were identified within the first two days. Among deaths were 118 males and 85 females. Casualties include multiple nationalities, with Chinese, Moroccans, Afghans, Ethiopians, Bangladeshis, Algerians, Saudis, Jordanians, Yemenis, Iraqis, Iranians, Syrians, Turks, Sudanese, Maldivians, Egyptians, Indians, Omanis, Pakistanis, Nigerians, Palestinians and nationals from Germany, Belgium, Chad and Ghana. Eyewitness reports "The bodies were piled up. I couldn't count them—they were too many," said Suad Abu Hamada. "Everybody was pushing from behind to get through and suddenly police blocked the entrance and people started falling on each other", said Mohammed al-Farra. Dagher Sam Pilgrims recount horror of hajj stampede https://mg.co.za/article/2006-01-13-pilgrims-recount-horror-of-hajj-stampede The Mail & Guardian 13 January 2006 13 January 2006 Reactions and immediate action by Saudi government Despite criticism of the Saudi government from the relatives of the stampede's casualties,https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4608368.stm Hajj crush police 'not to blame' 2006-01-13 2019-10-19 en-GB Saudi officials put the blame on unruly pilgrims for causing the stampedehttps://www.rferl.org/a/1064688.html Saudi Arabia: Facing Criticism, Saudis Blame Pilgrims For Hajj Stampede Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2 February 2012 en 2019-10-23https://mg.co.za/article/2006-01-13-pilgrims-recount-horror-of-hajj-stampede/ Pilgrims recount horror of hajj stampede Sam Dagher The M&G Online 13 January 2006 en 2019-10-23 and denied that authorities could have done more to stop the stampede. Saudi interior ministry spokesman, Maj Gen Mansour al-Turki, told the BBC's Newshour programme that the dangers would only increase if crowd controls were tightened further. "People insist that they want to finish their Hajj in the way they think is right and you have a limited effect in using policemen to control people in this regard," he said. "You cannot really control them by force because if you do probably you will increase the problem because you will have people pushing you. We had so many police officers today who were injured in this situation." Seventy ambulances were used by Saudi officials to rush the victims to seven hospitals in Mina and nearby Arafat. After the casualties had been removed, the Saudi government used bulldozers to clear the area so the ceremony could continue. Aftermath Infrastructure The Saudi government had invested in improving crowd flowhttps://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4600310.stm Hajj ritual sees new safety moves 2006-01-10 2019-10-19 en-GB at Jamaraat Bridge, by widening it to eight lanes.Stampede at the Hajj CNN 12 January 2006 International Wire Plans for the bridge to be demolished and rebuilt as a four-storey structure with air-conditioning were approved in 2005. This work went ahead immediately after the January 2006 Hajj and was completed prior to the 2009 Hajj.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4619874.stm New bridge planned at Hajj site 2006-01-17 2019-10-19 en-GB These infrastructure improvements were not accompanied by adequate signage telling pilgrims which direction to travel, a problem given that most Hajjis have never visited before.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/13/saudiarabia A history of hajj tragedies Staff 2006-01-13 The Guardian 2019-10-19 agencies en-GB 0261-3077 'Illegal' pilgrims There have been repeated calls to restrict the numbers allowed to attend the Hajj and, in particular, 'illegal' pilgrims. 'Illegal' pilgrims are those who do not hold a Hajj permit, Mecca residence permit or a Hajj work permit.https://gulfbusiness.com/188000-illegal-pilgrims-barred-entering-makkah/ More than 188,000 'illegal' pilgrims barred from entering Makkah 2018-08-09 Gulf Business en-US 2019-10-19 There were reports of up to one million illegal pilgrims in 2006. Crackdowns on such pilgrims have become an increasing feature of security arrangements.https://ciiradio.com/2017/08/08/expect-no-leniency-illegal-pilgrims-warned-hajj1438/ Expect no leniency, illegal pilgrims warned #Hajj1438 2017-08-08 Cii Radio 2019-10-19 Pilgrims' education Calls continued to be made for better disaster planning long after the 2006 crush, with suggestions to make pilgrims aware of that the stoning ritual can take place at various times as well as training on basic preventive measures for infectious diseases and outbreaksManoochehry Shahram Rasouli Hamid Reza 2017-02-21 Recurrent Human Tragedy During Hajj International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health en 5 1 36–37 10.15171/ijtmgh.2017.07 2476-5759 free and how to stay safe in large crowds.El Hanandeh Ali 2013-08-01 Quantifying the carbon footprint of religious tourism: the case of Hajj Journal of Cleaner Production 52 53–60 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.009 154817617 0959-6526 By 2009, large bags had been banned during the stoning rituals. Health risks The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca has always been challenging. The 2006 Hajj was no different though no reports indicated any specific incidents arising. Infectious diseases Because of heavy congestion, shared accommodation, air pollution, compromised hygiene and heat, the transmission of infectious diseases is high.Alqahtani Amani S. Althimiri Nora A. BinDhim Nasser F. April 2019 Saudi Hajj pilgrims' preparation and uptake of health preventive measures during Hajj 2017 Journal of Infection and Public Health 12 6 772–776 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.007 31023600 1876-0341 freeAlqahtani Amani S. Wiley Kerrie E. Tashani Mohamed Willaby Harold W. Heywood Anita E. BinDhim Nasser F. Booy Robert Rashid Harunor 2016-06-01 Exploring barriers to and facilitators of preventive measures against infectious diseases among Australian Hajj pilgrims: cross-sectional studies before and after Hajj https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(16)00025-4/abstract International Journal of Infectious Diseases English 47 53–59 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.005 26875699 7110465 1201-9712 free Due to climate change, the Middle East has had a rising surface temperature since the 1970s. Pilgrims are expected to spend between 20–30 hours outside during the 5-6-day rituals in an average heat of 43 °C (highest 50 °C).http://muslimnews.co.uk/newspaper/environment/climate-change-affecting-hajj/ How climate change is affecting Hajj The Muslim News 2019-10-22 The expected extreme heat and humidity is going to exceed the danger threshold by 20% between the years 2045 and 2053 creating an even more challenging Hajj.https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/30/hajj-muslims-climate-movement-global-heating-pilgrims With hajj under threat, it's time Muslims joined the climate movement Aly Remona 2019-08-30 The Guardian 2019-10-22 en-GB 0261-3077 Due to population growth, economic growth and advancement in transport attendance between 2000 and 2010 increased by 46%. Global travel directly amplifies the risk of disease transmission.Ahmed Qanta A. Arabi Yaseen M. Memish Ziad A. 2006-03-25 Health risks at the Hajj The Lancet English 367 9515 1008–1015 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68429-8 0140-6736 16564364 7137144 Vaccinations All visitors from both yellow fever and/or polio-affected countries must present valid certificates and/or vaccination evidence upon entry to Saudi Arabia. All visitors must have proof of vaccination against meningitis. The Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health recommends travellers to have the influenza, pertussis and measles vaccinations. Non-communicable diseases 50% of pilgrims suffer with diabetes.Memish Ziad A. Elachola Habida Rahman Mujeeb Sow Samba Aljerian Nawfal Assiri Abdullah 2016-04-23 Objection to chronic disease based restrictions during the Hajj https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30257-4/abstract The Lancet English 387 10029 1719 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30257-4 27116275 205981591 0140-6736 subscription 64% of admissions into intensive care are for cardiovascular diseases.Yezli Saber Alotaibi Badriah M. Saeed Abdulaziz A. Bin 2016-02-27 The Hajj Health Requirements: time for a serious review? The Lancet English 387 10021 845–846 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00505-5 0140-6736 26972070 free 46–66% of deaths during the Hajj are from cardiovascular diseases. See also Incidents during the Hajj References 30em expanded Category:January 2006 in Asia Category:21st century in Mecca Category:Disasters in religious buildings and structures Category:Incidents during the Hajj Category:Human stampedes in 2006 Category:Human stampedes in Saudi Arabia Category:2006 disasters in Saudi Arabia