1933 Kos earthquake

Earthquake affecting Greece 15 km on 181+ fatalities 10 Greece, Turkey 6.4 w y y 1933 04 23 iscgem905533 905533 1933-04-23 05:57:34 36.759 N 27.299 E inline,title en-US None The 1933 Kos earthquake struck the Aegean Sea region on 23 April. It measured w 6.4 and had an epicenter offshore, near Kos, Greece. The earthquake collapsed many buildings on Kos, Nisyros and other islands. At least 181 people were killed with a possible death toll reaching several hundred. Tectonic setting 300px|thumb|left|Geologic map of Anatolia and the Aegean region The eastern Mediterranean Sea is a region of dynamic plate interactions involving the Eurasian and Aftican plates—dominated by the North Anatolian Fault and Hellenic subduction zone. The Aegean Sea is a seismically active and complex area in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that experiences frequent large earthquakes and tsunamis. The Aegean Sea plate formed between the divergent boundary in Greece, separating it from the Eurasian plate; and the subduction zone in the south separating it from the African plate.Moshou Alexandra A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records Earth 2021 2 4 920–932 10.3390/earth2040053 2021Earth...2..920M free The east Aegean Sea is a region of extensional tectonics; around Kos, this tectonic setting formed the Kos and Gökova grabens, Quaternary submarine structures trending northeast–southwest and east–west, respectively. Earthquakes in the area are associated with normal faults that accommodates extension. Earthquakes in 1493, 1869 and 2017 caused severe damage and casualties.Karasözen Ezgi Nissen Edwin Büyükakpınar Pınar Cambaz Musavver Didem Kahraman Metin Ertan Esra Kalkan Abgarmi Bizhan Bergman Eric Ghods Abdolreza Özacar Atilla Arda The 2017 July 20 M w 6.6 Bodrum–Kos earthquake illuminates active faulting in the Gulf of Gokova, SW Turkey Geophysical Journal International 2018 214 1 185–199 10.1093/gji/ggy114 free 11511/47511 free Earthquake Prior to 1933, Kos was damaged by an intermediate-depth (115 km) s 7.4 earthquake. The April 1933 earthquake had magnitudes between 6.43 and 6.70; the International Seismological Centre cataloged it at w 6.4.ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 10.31905/D808B825 free The Modified Mercalli intensity on Kos ranged from VIII (Severe) to X (Extreme). Intensity IX–X (Violent–Extreme) was observed at Antimachia, Kardamaina and Kos. On Nissyros, the seismic intensity was VI–VII (Strong–Very strong). On Rhodes, the earthquake was felt V–VI (Moderate–Strong).Triantafyllou Ioanna Papadopoulos Gerassimos A. Lekkas Efthimios Impact on built and natural environment of the strong earthquakes of April 23, 1933, and July 20, 2017, in the southeast Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean Natural Hazards 2020 100 2 671–695 10.1007/s11069-019-03832-9 2020NatHa.100..671T 209441124 Impact In Kos historic city center, 90 percent of homes were demolished and only some government buildings were intact. Only 50 percent of homes were decimated in the new city. The Church of Agios Nikolaos was badly damaged and has to be torn down. At Pyli, a village west of the city, there was heavy damage. Almost all homes in Antimakheia were destroyed, and the village of Kardamena was near completely ruined. On Nissyros, the villages of Emporio, Pali, Mandraki and Nikia were damaged. Slight damage also occurred at Bodrum, Turkey. The death toll ranged from 181 to several hundreds. Various press reports estimated 200–300 deaths on Kos. Only 122 victims were named. In Kos city, the death toll was reexamined to 178. Three more deaths occurred at Pyli. The number of injured was 600 to several thousand. Various press reports also stated between 20 and 100 deaths or no deaths on Nissyros. Tsunami The island population and mass media continues to suppose a 2–3 m tsunami struck the island but no reports exist. A newspaper reported ebb tide at Kos port for several tens of meters although it is unclear when did it occur. No coastal uplift associated with the earthquake was documented. Reports of waves likely were due to strong wind rather a tsunami associated with the earthquake. See also List of earthquakes in 1933 List of earthquakes in Greece References Category:1933 earthquakes Category:Earthquakes in Greece Category:1933 in Greece Category:April 1933 in Europe