1918 in Hungary

none April 2023 1918 The following lists events in the year 1918 in Hungary. Incumbents King: Charles IV (until November 13/16) Homo regius: Archduke Joseph August (October 26 – November 16) President: Mihály Károlyi (from November 16) Prime minister: Sándor Wekerle (until 30 October), János Hadik (October 30–31), Mihály Károlyi (from October 31) Speaker of the House of Representatives: Károly Szász (until November 16) Speaker of the House of Magnates: Endre Hadik-Barkóczy (until June 22), Gyula Wlassics (June 22 – November 16) Events January January 5 – Lloyd George claims the dissolution of Austria-Hungary is not their war aimGusztáv 1992 285 January 6 – Czech representatives of the Imperial Diet call for a unified CzechoslovakiaDemkó 2020 18 January 8 – Wilson's 14 Points, demands "The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development"; Hungarian papers publish it on January 10Borsányi 1988 33 January 12 – Galileo Circle is bannedRomsics 2004 428 January 18–25 – General strike in Austria-HungaryRomsics 2004 428 January 19 – 89th Common Infantry Regiment mutiniesBorsányi 1988 19 February February 1–3 – Cattaro MutinyBorsányi 1988 19 February 9 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Central Powers and Ukrainian People's Republic March March 3 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Central Powers and Soviet RussiaOrmos 1998 19 March 24 – Béla Kun establishes the Hungarian section inside the Russian Communist PartyHatos 2018 387 April April 8–10 – Congress of Oppressed Nationalities of the Austro-Hungarian Empire held in Rome May May 7 – Treaty of Bucharest: Romania signs a separate peace with the Central Powers June June 1 – First report of Spanish flu in Budapest newspapersBorsányi 1988 117 June 10 – SMS Szent István is sunk June 15–23 – Second Battle of the Piave River: Entente defeats Austro-Hungarian offensive in ItalyOrmos 1998 21 June 29 – France recognizes Czechoslovakia July July 3 – First case of Spanish flu reported in HungaryBorsányi 1988 118 August August 5 – Hunger riots in Cegléd, 300 women arrestedBorsányi 1988 53-54 August 9 – British foreign minister Balfour recognizes Czechoslovakia as an allied nationGusztáv 1992 287 September September 2 – US recognizes Czechoslovakia September 8 – Mihály Károlyi publishes an open letter, claiming the war cannot be won, and urges for a peace agreement. Borsányi 1988 54 September 11 – Electoral law Article XVII of 1918 ('Lex Vázsonyi') gains royal assent. The franchise is expanded from 10 to 15%.Romsics 2004 428 September 15 – Vardar offensive begins September 20–21 – István Tisza visits Sarajevo October October 4 – Common Foreign Minister Burián asks for peace by Wilsonian principles October 5–8 – Slovenian-Croatian-Serbian National Council established in Zagreb October 16 Charles IV published the Völkermanifest János Lékai attempts to assassinate István TiszaHatos 2018 99 October 17 – Austro-Hungarian compromise abolished, István Tisza declares the war lost October 18 – Alexandru Vaida-Voevod's speech in front of the Hungarian Parliament, demands self-determination for Romanians in HungaryBorsányi 1988 66 October 19 – Ferdiš Juriga, Slovak representative speaks in Parliament for Slovak self-determinationHatos 2018 111 October 21 – Cisleithanian Germans declare independenceOrmos 1998 22 Wilson answers to Austro-Hungarian peace offer, claiming that with the recognition of Czechoslovakia, peace on the basis of the 14 points is no longer sufficient, demands the recognition of a Czechoslovak and Yugoslav stateHatos 2018 104 October 22 - István Tisza dissolves the National Party of Work October 23 The last session of Parliament before the revolutionHatos 2018 113 Prime Minister Sándor Wekerle resigns Hungarian National Council formed at midnightOrmos 1998 25 October 24 – November 4 – Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Italian Front collapses October 25 Hungarian National Council officially declared to celebration in Budapest Budapest Soldiers' Council is founded by Imre CsernyákOrmos 1998 27 Charles IV in Gödöllő, negotiates on the formation of a new governmentGusztáv 1992 344 Masaryk and Gregory Zatkovich agrees Carpathian Ruthenia to join Czechoslovakia in the Philadelphia Agreement October 26 The Budapest press defies censorship by publishing the program of the Hungarian National Council Charles IV returns to Vienna Refusing to nominate Károlyi as Prime Minister, Archduke Joseph August is named Homo Regius Slovak National Council establishedBorsányi 1988 69 October 27 Soldiers' Council negotiates with unions, plotting an insurrection scheduled November 4Ormos 1998 27 Common foreign minister Gyula Andrássy accepts armistice on Entente terms, thereby indirectly recognizing Czechoslovak and Yugoslav independenceOrmos 1982 87 October 28 Battle of Chain Bridge Czechoslovakia declares independence Army of the Danube (AD) is separated from the Armée d'Orient advancing northwards. It is tasked to operate in Romania and the Crimea, led by Henri Mathias Berthelot. October 29 State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs declared in Zagreb Hungarian administration flees Fiume Charles IV appoints János Hadik as Prime Minister Police in Budapest defects to the National CouncilJuhász 1976 1219 October 30 Slovak National Council declares independence in Turócszentmárton (St. Martin) 10:00: Third Wekerle Government dissolved, János Hadik takes his oath, starts to work on assembling his government Protests in Budapest escalate into the Aster Revolution Miklós Horthy ordered to hand over the Austro-Hungarian fleet October 31 3:00: János Hadik resigns his officeOrmos 1998 28 16:45 The last Austro-Hungarian warship, the SMS Viribus Unitis is handed over to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, dissolving the Austro-Hungarian fleet 18:00 István Tisza is assassinated by disgruntled soldiers in his Budapest villa Mihály Károlyi becomes Prime Minister of Hungary, takes oath to Charles IV, assembles his cabinet November November 1 Banat Republic declared West Ukrainian People's Republic declared Mihály Károlyi's government establishedOrmos 1998 29 Károlyi is relieved of his oath to Charles IVGusztáv 1992 344 The Hungarian government takes a new oath to the National Council November 2 Officers swear an oath to the Hungarian National CouncilGusztáv 1992 344 Minister of Defense Béla Linder's famous line "I never want to see a soldier again!"Ormos 1998 33 Budapest Workers' Council establishedJuhász 1976 1220 Czechoslovak forces enter Hungary at Holics (now Holíč)2014-09-17 Fejezetek a csehszlovákiai magyarok történetéből I. http://www.shp.hu/hpc/web.php?a=commorakozigaz&o=B4uXStoYGp dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140917115120/http://www.shp.hu/hpc/web.php?a=commorakozigaz&o=B4uXStoYGp 2024-03-17 November 3 – Armistice of Villa Giusti, comes into effect next day from 15:00Ormos 1998 23 November 4 – Jiu Valley National Council established in Petrozsény (now Petroșani)Schuller 2005 3 Hungarian Party of Communists established in Moscow by Béla Kun's circle, in the following month about 200 of them return to HungaryHatos 2018 388 November 5 – US Foreign Minister Lansing recognizes Romanian claim to Transylvania November 7 Károlyi government begins armistice negotiations in BelgradeOrmos 1998 34 Czechs enter Nagyszombat (now Trnava) November 8 Linder is replaced by Bartha as defense minister Deserters (mostly Romanian) besiege the Urmánczy mansion in Jósikafalva (Beliș). Nándor Urmánczy recruits a private detachment and crushes the rioters, shoots 20 prisonersInteretnikai konfliktusok Erdélyben, 1918–19 - 2020. július 30., csütörtök - https://www.3szek.ro/load/cikk/134679/interetnikai-konfliktusok-erdelyben-1918%E2%80%9319 2023-04-13 3szek.ro July 30, 2020 hu-RO November 9 Entente forces enter Újvidék (now Novi Sad) Székely National Council in Budapest Ruthenian National Council led by Oreszt Szabó declares for Hungary November 10 – Romania declares war on Germany, re-entering the war a day before it ends November 12 Entente forces occupy Temesvár (now Timișoara)Az MTA BTK Történettudományi Intézet első világháborús honlapja - Térképek https://1914-1918.btk.mta.hu/terkepek?start=12 2023-04-06 1914-1918.btk.mta.hu Romanian invasion of Transylvania begins at Gyergyótölgyes (now Tulgheș) Mackensen's occupying German Army begins to withdraw from Romania via Hungary, crossing into Hungary at Surduc PassSchuller 2005 5 November 13 Armistice of Belgrade signed Eckartsau Letter: King Charles IV withdraws from all state affairs and recognizes Hungary's future form of government Oszkár Jászi negotiates with the Romanian National Council in Arad (to November 14)Gusztáv 1992 344 Viktor Heltai's National Guard squad is removed from Budapest to relieve Czech attacks around Pozsony (now Bratislava).Hatos 2018 212 Nagyszombat (now Trnava) is recaptured. November 15 Hungarian National Defense Association (MOVE) foundedRomsics 2004 428 Entente forces enter PécsAz MTA BTK Történettudományi Intézet első világháborús honlapja - Térképek https://1914-1918.btk.mta.hu/terkepek?start=12 2023-04-06 1914-1918.btk.mta.hu Hungarian counter-attacks re-capture Turócszentmárton (now Martin) November 16 Both Houses of the Parliament dissolve themselves - the National Council acts as provisional legislature Hungary declared a republic ("First Republic"), Károlyi becomes provisional head of stateOrmos 1998 31 Hungarian counter-attacks re-capture Zsolna (now Žilina)Ablonczy 2020 32 November 17 Béla Kun returns to HungaryBorsányi 1988 128 General meeting of the Székely National Council, proposal for a Székely Republic Franchet d'Esperey allows Romania to advance to the Belgrade Armistice lineOrmos 1998 37 November 18 – German-Austria declares its territorial demands for the German-inhabited areas of Pozsony, Moson, Sopron, and Vas counties;Murber 2021 44 in response, Hungary decides to cease food shipments November 19 – Ruthenian National Council issues a memorandum to Oszkár Jászi November 20 – Romanian National Council in Arad demands total independenceBorsányi 1988 92 November 21 – Austrian Foreign Minister Otto Bauer and Hungarian foreign secretary József Diner-Dénes agree to resume Hungarian food shipments in exchange for ceasing pro-Austrian agitation in Western HungaryMurber 2021 46 November 22 – Law 41/1918 in German Austria re-affirms Austrian territorial claims to Western HungaryMurber 2021 47 November 23 – No. I of 1918 People's Law expands the franchise to 50%.Romsics 2004 428 Universal male suffrage above 21 and female suffrage for literates above 24. November 24 – Hungarian Party of Communists (KMP) establishedRomsics 2004 428 November 25 Serbs of Vojvodina declare for Serbia at Újvidék (now Novi Sad)Romsics 2004 429 Fernand Vix arrives to Budapest as the head of the Budapest Allied Military Mission to oversee a French occupation of Hungary which would never be implementedOrmos 1998 36 Austrian-Hungarian trade agreement: Hungary provides cereals and animals in exchange for paper, medicine and industrial productsMurber 2021 48 November 26 - Gang leader Viktor Heltai is arrestedDélmagyarország. (1918, November 26). p. 5. (7. évfolyam, No. 285). November 28 - Székely and Transylvanian Hungarian National Assembly in Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureș)Romsics 2004 429 December December 1 A council of Transylvanian Romanians declare union 26 counties of the Kingdom of Hungary until the Tisza river with Romania in Gyulafehérvár (now Alba Iulia) State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs unifies with Serbia Székely Division established December 2 – Romanian troops enter Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureș)Az MTA BTK Történettudományi Intézet első világháborús honlapja - Térképek https://1914-1918.btk.mta.hu/terkepek?start=12 2023-04-06 1914-1918.btk.mta.hu December 3 – A note by Vix demands Hungarian withdrawal from "Slovakia", but does not specify a border December 5–7 – Republic of Heinzenland in Burgerland December 6 Bartha-Hodža Agreement – Minister of Defense Albert Bartha and Slovak politician Milan Hodža agree on a demarcation line, which is later rejected by Czech leaders Romanians enter Székelyudvarhely (now Odorheiu Secuiesc)Az MTA BTK Történettudományi Intézet első világháborús honlapja - Térképek https://1914-1918.btk.mta.hu/terkepek?start=12 2023-04-06 1914-1918.btk.mta.hu December 7 – First issue of KMP's newspaper Vörös Újság publishedBorsányi 1988 133 December 8 – István Apáthy named High Government Commissioner for Eastern HungaryKöpeczi Béla Erdély Története Három Kötetben Akadémiai kiadó 1986 9630548836 December 9 – During the assembly of the Upper Hungarian German National Council seated in Késmárk (now Kežmarok), the plan for establishing an independent Zipser ('Spiš') Republic was presented. However, the republic was never proclaimed.Veronika Szeghy-Gayer (2022), Kérészállamok, p. 197 December 10 – First French troops arrive to Szeged; they are reinforced by the 157th Inf. Regiment on December 30, and the 210th Inf. Regiment on January 3, 1919Győrffy Sándor 1954 Adalékok az antant hatalmak magyarországi politikájához Századok 88 4 569–592 December 11 – Slovak People's Republic declared December 12 – Protest by the Soldiers' Council forces defense minister Albert Bartha to resign. Minister of the Interior Tivadar Batthyány also resigns, replaced by Vince Nagy. With that, the overall balance of the Károlyi government shifts leftwards. Károlyi himself fills the defense position provisionally, alongside Vilmos Böhm. December 15 – Romanian troops cross the Belgrade armistice line December 16 – Mackansen arrested in BudapestGusztáv 1992 344 December 17 – Czechs enter Késmárk (now Kežmarok) December 19 – Dissatisfied with the Bartha-Hodža Agreement, a new demarcation line is drafted by ClemenceauOrmos 1998 36 December 21 – French foreign minister Stephen Pichon approves the new demarcation line between the Hungarian and Czechoslovak forces, forwarded to Vix Law No. 10 on Ruthenian autonomy December 22 – Council of Transylvanian Hungarians in Kolozsvár (now Cluj) against Romanian occupationBorsányi 1988 148 Sándor Juhász Nagy replaces Márton Lovászy as Minister of Religion and Education December 23 – A note by Vix declares the new demarcation line in regarding Upper Hungary (Pichon Line)Ormos 1998 37 December 24 – Romanian forces enter Kolozsvár (now Cluj) December 25 – Yugoslav forces occupy Muraköz (Međimurje)Az MTA BTK Történettudományi Intézet első világháborús honlapja - Térképek https://1914-1918.btk.mta.hu/terkepek?start=12 2023-04-06 1914-1918.btk.mta.hu Autonomous Rus'ka Krajina declared based on Law No. 10 December 29 – Czech forces enter Kassa (now Košice), Slovak People's Republic dissolved Böhm is replaced as defense minister by Sándor Festetics December 30 – French troops (1st African Chasseur Regiment) occupy AradBene, K. (2020). A francia megszálló hadsereg szerepe a magyar határváltozásokban 1918–1920 során: Tervek és valóság. PONTES, 3(1), 134–152. December 31 – Berthelot-Apáthy agreement establishes a 15 km neutral zone in Transylvania, Romanians overstep itOrmos 1998 37 Deaths :Category:1918 deaths Deaths in 1918 February 16 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry October 31 – István Tisza December 1 – Margit Kaffka References Bibliography Ablonczy Balázs 2020 Ismeretlen Trianon. Az összeomlás és a békeszerződés Borsányi Gy. 1988 Októbertől márciusig Kossuth Könyvkiadó Breitt J. 1925 A magyarországi 1918/19. évi forradalmi mozgalmak és a vörös háború története Demkó A. Gyulai, G. 2020 Napról napra Trianon - 1918-1924 Reakció Kiadó Kft. Gulyás László A Magyar Királyság román megszállásának szakaszai, különös tekintettel a Partium és a Tiszántúl elfoglalására. Lokális Trianon 1. : Csongrád, Csanád és Torontál vármegye az összeomlás éveiben 1918–1920 2021 28 27–41 Gusztáv G. 1992 A forradalmak kora: Magyarország története: 1918-1920 Magyar Szemle Társaság Hatos Pál 2018 Az elátkozott köztársaság: az 1918-as összeomlás és az őszirózsás forradalom története Juhász Gyula Pach, Z. P., Ránki, G., Hajdu, T., Berend, T. I., & Tilkovszky, L. 1976 Magyarország története 8/1-2: 1918-1919/1919-1945 Budapest Murber Ibolya 2021 Nyugat-Magyarországtól Burgenlandig, 1918-1924 Budapest BTK Történettudományi Intézet Ormos Mária 1982 Világtörténet évszámokban II. 1789-1945 Gondolat Ormos Mária 1998 Magyarország a két világháború korában, 1914-1945 6 Csokonai Kiadó Romsics I. 2004 Magyarország története a XX. században Osiris Schuller Balázs Impériumváltás a Zsil-völgyében Bányászati és Kohászati Lapok 2005 3 35–38 Suba J. Demarkációs vonalak Felvidéken, 1918: (kartográfia-elemzés)= Lines of demarcation in Upper-Hungary, 1918 Közép-Európai Közlemények 2018 11 1 107–125 Sztancs G. Selbständige Zipser Republik Fórum Társadalomtudományi Szemle 2018 20 4 21–42 Völgyes Iván 1971 Hungary in Revolution, 1918-19: Nine Essays 100–105 University of Nebraska Press 0803207883 1918 Category:1910s in Hungary Category:Years of the 20th century in Hungary Hungary Hungary