1986 Philippine presidential election

11th election of Philippine president March 2023 February 2022 1986 Philippine presidential election Philippines 1985 presidential no 1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum 1981 1992 Philippine presidential election 1992 78.8% (2.1pp) February 7, 1986 Corazon Aquino 1986.jpg 150 150 200 5 5 center Corazon Aquino United Nationalist Democratic Organization Salvador Laurel 7,909,320 (NAMFREL)9,291,716 (COMELEC) 51.74% (NAMFREL)46.10% (COMELEC) Ferdinand Marcos (cropped).jpg 150 150 200 5 5 center Ferdinand Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Arturo Tolentino 7,376,599 (NAMFREL)10,807,197 (COMELEC) 48.26% (NAMFREL)53.62% (COMELEC) 300px Overall provincial results 300px NAMFREL results 300px Batasang Pambansa/COMELEC results Election results per province/city President Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan UNIDO yes 1986 Philippine vice presidential election Philippines 1985 presidential no 1969 Philippine presidential election 1969 February 7, 1986 1992 Philippine presidential election 1992 160x160px Salvador Laurel United Nationalist Democratic Organization 7,648,570 (NAMFREL)9,173,105 (COMELEC) 50.07% (NAMFREL) 45.85% (COMELEC) 160x160px Arturo Tolentino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 6,978,702 (NAMFREL)10,134,130 (COMELEC) 45.69% (NAMFREL)50.66% (COMELEC) File:1986 Philippine Vice Presidential Election.png 290px Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila. Vice President Salvador Laurel United Nationalist Democratic Organization Presidential elections, commonly referred to as the 1986 snap election, were held in the Philippines on February 7, 1986. Incumbent president Ferdinand Marcos, facing pressure from the public, media, and international allies, agreed to call an election in November 1985. He was challenged by Corazon Aquino, the widow of assassinated opposition leader Ninoy Aquino. Marcos called for the snap elections in an attempt to reassert legitimacy for his regime, which had ruled the Philippines for two decades, including a period of martial law from 1972 to 1981. However, Marcos was terminally ill and faced a series of challenges to his rule, beginning in 1983 with the Ninoy Aquino assassination, a period of rapid economic decline and civic discontent, and widespread public reporting on corruption and Marcos's misrepresentation of his military record. The election itself was marred by substantial irregularities, political repression, and voting fraud. After the certified government results found Marcos had won, Aquino and the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) challenged the legitimacy of the results through a campaign of mass demonstrations and civil disobedience, culminating in Marcos's deposition and exile. Aquino was inaugurated as the 11th president of the Philippines on February 25, and the Fifth Philippine Republic was established. Marcos later died in exile in Honolulu. Background First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was elected president of the Philippines in 1965 and re-elected in 1969. Despite his 1940 conviction for murdering his father's political rival, which was overturned on appeal, Marcos built a popular public image on his service record in World War II, when he was held as a prisoner of war by the Imperial Japanese Army, and his support for public spending on infrastructure projects. Throughout his political career, Marcos often exaggerated or misrepresented his military record, including claiming during his 1962 campaign for the Senate that he was "the most decorated war hero of the Philippines." As president, Marcos received support from the Philippine armed forces and the United States, where he supported presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon in the Vietnam War. Following a period of social unrest, political violence, and a balance of payments crisis, and facing a two-term constitutional limit, Marcos declared martial law in September 1972, establishing himself as dictator through a 1973 constitutional plebiscite. He cited threats by radical communists and Muslim separatists, as well as the failed 1971 constitutional convention, to support his rule; critics accused him of exaggerating these threats to silence opposition.Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. Asia Publishing Company Limited 1998 Magno Alexander R. Hong Kong Democracy at the CrossroadsBrillantes Alex B. Jr. Dictatorship & martial law : Philippine authoritarianism in 1972 1987 University of the Philippines Diliman School of Public Administration 978-9718567012 Quezon City, PhilippinesOverholt William H. The Rise and Fall of Ferdinand Marcos https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article-abstract/26/11/1137/22236/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Ferdinand-Marcos?redirectedFrom=fulltext Asian Survey 1986 26 11 1137–1163 10.2307/2644313 2644313 0004-4687 November 7, 2023 October 15, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231015122513/https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article-abstract/26/11/1137/22236/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Ferdinand-Marcos?redirectedFrom=fulltext live subscriptionTalitha Espiritu Passionate Revolutions: The Media and the Rise and Fall of the Marcos Regime Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2017.Dictatorship and revolution : roots of people's power Daroy Petronilo Bn. 1988 Conspectus 978-9919108014 Javate -de Dios Aurora 1st Metro Manila On the Eve of Dictatorship and Revolution 19609244 Daroy Petronilo Bn. Kalaw-Tirol Lornahttps://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ A History of the Philippine Political Protest Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines https://web.archive.org/web/20170705180022/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ July 5, 2017 dead December 10, 2018 Martial law was lifted in January 1981.Proclamation No. 2045, s. 1981 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1981/01/17/proclamation-no-2045-s-1981/ Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines June 2, 2020 January 17, 1981 February 2, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200202194842/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1981/01/17/proclamation-no-2045-s-1981/ live Assassination of Ninoy Aquino Assassination of Ninoy Aquino During the period of martial law, Marcos marginalized and suppressed opposition politicians. Among the leaders of the opposition was Ninoy Aquino, who had been sentenced to death by a military commission but whom Marcos permitted to travel to the United States in 1980 for emergency triple bypass surgery.Hill Gerald N. Hill Kathleen Thompson https://archive.org/details/aquinoassassinat0000hill registration Aquino Assassination: The True Story and Analysis of the Assassination of Philippine Senator Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. 1983 Hilltop Steve Psinakis 0-912133-04-X Sonoma, California 13 Aquino remained in the United States for three years, working at Harvard University, writing, lecturing, and becoming an iconic symbol of Philippine democracy and resistance to military rule. In 1983, Aquino returned to the Philippines, as stipulated in the conditions for his release from prison.Hill Hill 1983 15 At the time, Marcos was seriously ill, and Aquino believed he could persuade Marcos to restore democracy before his death. However, Aquino was shot and killed aboard China Airlines Flight 811 while taxing at Manila International Airport. Sixteen military officers were later convicted for their involvement in the murder; while the Aquino family believed that Marcos had ordered it, no definitive proof has ever surfaced. The assassination revived the domestic opposition, including in the press, and elevated Aquino's wife, Corazon, to the role of a central opposition figure. In the 1984 parliamentary elections, the opposition re-established its political power by winning thirty-five seats in the National Assembly under the banner of the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO). Influence of international media The end of military rule and the Aquino assassination led to increased scrutiny of the Marcos regime by the domestic and international press, beginning with a December 1982 article by Eduardo Lachica in The Wall Street Journal Asia, investigating the Marcos family's landholdings in New York City. The story was picked up in January 1985 by the San Jose Mercury News as part of a story on capital flight in the Philippines involving the Marcoses and their allies. Investigative reporters at the Mercury News revealed extensive holdings by members of the Philippine elite in New York, Chicago, and the San Francisco Bay Area. The series was reprinted in several Philippine local sources, leading to mass protests and an attempt to begin impeachment proceedings against Marcos. Marcos acceded to a brief independent inquiry into his conduct. Additional reporting in the Mercury News, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The New York Times further painted the Marcos regime as a kleptocracy which extracted money from the United States, including money intended for humanitarian or other aid, and the Philippine public for personal gain. Although Marcos denied the allegations, they severely damaged his support in the United States and the Philippines. Declaration of election On November 4, 1985, Sam Donaldson and George Will interviewed Marcos on the American Broadcasting Company political affairs program This Week with David Brinkley.Russell George April 18, 2005 The Philippines: I'm Ready, I'm Ready https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1050573,00.html February 24, 2022 Time Marcos was being asked about his policies and public support when, without warning, he announced that he would hold a snap election on February 7, 1986, a year earlier than the supposed 1987 election. Marcos said that in the snap election, the vice president would also be determined, but that the final decision regarding the election would be determined by the National Assembly.Jagoe Donald Alan Turmoil, Transition...Triumph? The Democratic Revolution in the Philippines 1986 MA Naval Postgraduate School https://archive.org/stream/turmoiltransitio00jago#page/38/mode/1up Archive.orghttps://www.loc.gov/item/92039812/ Philippines: A Country Study 1993 GPO for the Library of Congress 0-8444-0748-8 Dolan Ronald E. Area handbook series 4th Washington, D.C. 60–61Del Mundo Fernando December 16, 2010 Marcos Told This Reporter He Had a Mission from God http://politics.inquirer.net/politics/view/20101216-309237/Marcos-told-this-reporter-he-had-a-mission-from-God dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101218110548/http://politics.inquirer.net/politics/view/20101216-309237/Marcos-told-this-reporter-he-had-a-mission-from-God December 18, 2010 March 5, 2011 Inquirer Politics Despite initial concerns that the National Assembly, which was controlled by Marcos's New Society Movement, would not hold the elections, they passed a law on December 3, 1985, setting the date of the election on February 7, 1986.Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/25/52251 cs1 Supreme Court E-Library Candidates and nominations The opposition was divided between Corazon Aquino, the widow of their assassinated leader, and Salvador Laurel, the son of former president Jose P. Laurel. Archbishop of Manila Jaime Sin talked to both candidates. Aquino was hesitant to run but said she would be willing to run if a petition campaign with at least a million signatures supported her. Doy was earnest to run, since he believed his family background, training, and experience had prepared him for the presidency.March 2026 Campaign The campaign period lasted 45 days from December 19, 1985, to February 5, 1986.While Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 mandated a campaign period starting on December 11, 1985, this law was put on hold until the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality on December 19. As the election campaign continued, Marcos was able to campaign in selected key cities while Aquino was able to campaign intensively and extensively, even going to remote places from the north of the Philippines to the south of the Philippines. The Aquino campaign concluded a rally in Rizal Park and Roxas Boulevard that is believedMarch 2026 to have 800,000 participants, forming a "sea of yellow".Santos Antonio Power Politics in the Philippines: The Fall of Marcos 1987 Center for Social Research Quezon City 22–25 On February 4, Marcos declared February 6 and 7 as nationwide public holidays to "give all registered voters fullest opportunity to exercise their right of suffrage."Proclamation No. 2487, s. 1986 Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1986/02/04/proclamation-no-2487-s-1986/ cs1 Official Gazette Election related violence Election related violence was prevalent throughout the campaign period - escalating until the day of the election and persisting even after the polls closed while the votes were being counted. Supporters, candidates, and organizers were assassinated in both planned assassinations and spontaneous disputes. Precincts were attacked by armed men and poll watchers were attacked, often while conveying the ballot boxes.Killings raise the stakes in election battle - UPI Archives https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/02/11/Killings-raise-the-stakes-in-election-battle/4844508482000/ 2026-07-23 UPI en2025-03-23 PH Elections Heroes - Bantayog ng mga Bayani https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/ph-elections-heroes/ 2026-07-23 en-US Among the prominent killings were those of activists Amanteflor Torres in Cagayan, Michael Sumilang in Quezon Province, opposition organizers Jeremias de Jesus in Tarlac and Evelio Javier in Antique province and poll watchers Rodrigo Ponce in Capiz, Salvador Leaño in Romblon, and Francisco Laurella, Fernando Pastor Sr., and Fernando Pastor Jr. in Quirino Province. Results Batasang Pambansa canvass for the 1986 Philippine presidential election About 85,000 precincts opened at seven o'clock in the morning of Election Day.2011 Nation Commemorates 25th Anniversary of the 1986 Snap Presidential Election http://www.namfrel.com.ph/v2/news/enewsletter/Namfrel%20E-Newsletter%20Vol%201%20Issue%2061%20020711.pdf dead Election Monitor 1 61 https://web.archive.org/web/20161220043852/http://www.namfrel.com.ph/v2/news/enewsletter/Namfrel%20E-Newsletter%20Vol%201%20Issue%2061%20020711.pdf December 20, 2016 December 5, 2016 NAMFRELFebruary 2022 Each precinct was administered by a Board of Election Inspectors (BEI), which was tasked to oversee voting. The BEI did not continuously abide by the stipulated voting procedure, which raised the impression of fraud. The voting period was also scheduled to close at three o'clock in the afternoon but was extended to give way for people who were in line. Counting of the ballots followed and in most precincts was able to finish by six o'clock in the evening.http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABK494.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220659/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABK494.pdf dead May 12, 2014 A Path to Democratic Renewal International Observer Delegation 350 National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and National Republican Institute for International Affairs Results showed that a huge percentage of eligible voters did not vote. Out of the 26 million registered voters, only 20 million ballots were cast. This showed a decreased percentage of voters from the 1984 election, which had 89% of registered voters cast their ballots, to around 76% during the snap election. Number of voters in the 1986 electionNumber of registered voters26,181,829Actual number of votes canvassed by the Batasan20,150,160Percentage of actual to registered voters76.96% A number of disenfranchised voters were evident during the snap election. Estimated number of disenfranchised voters1984 percentage of actual to registered voters89%1986 number of voters based on the 1984 percentage23,422,264Actual number of votes canvassed by the Batasan20,150,160Estimated number of disenfranchised voters3,272,104 COMELEC tally for president Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 53.62 Aquino United Nationalist Democratic Organization 46.10 Others gray 0.28 The COMELEC proclaimed Marcos as the winner,February 2022 receiving more than 1.5 million votes more than Aquino. In the COMELEC's tally, a total of 10,807,197 votes was for Marcos alone. Conversely, NAMFREL's partial tally had Aquino leading with more than half a million votes. By region Region Marcos Aquino Canoy Padilla Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Metro Manila1,394,81546.171,614,62253.457940.0310,6870.35I1,239,82574.00431,87725.782820.023,3990.20II856,02685.93139,66614.021110.013810.04III1,011,86050.031,008,15749.852430.012,2680.11IV1,190,80445.451,425,14354.393360.013,8310.15V433,80936.27761,53863.672580.023760.03VI902,68253.71777,31246.253860.022440.01VII773,60448.17827,91251.554,0120.253940.02VIII627,86860.38411,28439.554750.052130.02IX540,57059.41365,19540.133,6860.415050.06X563,54751.61519,84147.618,2440.762230.02XI609,54047.38662,79951.5213,4131.047730.06XII662,24765.52346,33034.271,8010.183580.04Total10,807,19753.62 9,291,716 46.10 34,041 0.17 23,652 0.12Source: Batasang PambansaJournal of the First Batasang Pambansa Second Session Journal No. 65 Batasang Pambansa 1986 By province and city Province/City Marcos Aquino Canoy Padilla Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Abra77,38695.303,7944.6740.00170.02Agusan del Norte45,58757.9032,92841.822090.27100.01Agusan del Sur58,37556.7743,43642.249960.97140.01Aklan63,07849.4464,47350.53100.01240.02Albay75,35432.11159,21067.84280.01920.04Angeles City19,89828.3749,92371.1990.013000.43Antique65,22547.6271,69452.35230.02150.01Aurora19,89151.0119,07148.91150.04160.04Bacolod52,59144.5865,32155.37130.01520.04Bago22,40062.9313,19537.0700.0000.00Baguio41,64061.9324,80336.89530.087401.10Bais9,08049.409,25750.36380.2170.04Basilan26,66446.5030,65153.45110.02160.03Bataan70,74451.5866,21148.28240.021680.12Batanes2,80848.322,99451.5220.0370.12Batangas155,47439.62236,61660.30260.013090.08Batangas City23,02035.7841,22664.0970.01760.12Benguet41,75643.8251,82654.38730.081,6441.73Bohol170,63552.36154,33847.368150.251080.03Bukidnon115,17649.87113,22449.022,5061.09460.02Bulacan219,43244.23275,73855.581270.038190.17Butuan33,86645.1140,66054.155330.71230.03Cabanatuan38,20260.8024,61539.1750.01130.02Cadiz36,06193.062,6906.9400.0000.00Cagayan275,92586.5342,90313.45180.01370.01Cagayan de Oro31,33641.3143,37757.181,1041.46400.05Calbayog24,58460.6515,95039.3520.0000.00Caloocan116,11950.44113,38149.25130.017070.31Camarines Norte35,69832.5173,96567.37140.011130.10Camarines Sur110,07833.16221,90766.8400.0000.00Camiguin11,14041.6815,48757.95970.3620.01Canlaon7,52869.873,14929.23980.9100.00Capiz78,13054.9364,07845.05190.0180.01Catanduanes33,98450.8532,84249.1450.0160.01Cavite198,57458.58139,57441.18470.017690.23Cavite City30,22166.3215,19333.3450.011520.33Cebu264,21151.25249,99848.501,2240.24560.01Cebu City60,74826.54167,28073.087450.331140.05Cotabato83,86945.38100,51554.392930.161390.08Cotabato City8,80331.7118,93168.20130.05120.04Dagupan22,02248.0123,79551.87100.02440.10Danao57,22599.403420.5930.0110.00Dapitan12,48556.099,55942.942100.9450.02Davao City120,31444.98142,82853.404,0261.513110.12Davao del Norte168,72053.26142,60745.025,3861.70820.03Davao del Sur106,29957.4277,16041.681,6300.88430.02Davao Oriental45,48939.0869,42359.651,4301.23490.04Dipolog11,89442.9115,65856.491570.5770.03Dumaguete9,96331.2721,80868.45550.17350.11Eastern Samar43,68044.8253,76455.1740.0030.00General Santos22,13137.2137,15862.47880.151040.17Gingoog17,96756.3513,81843.331020.3200.00Ifugao4,74241.516,60057.7730.03800.70Iligan24,96535.7244,04063.028201.17570.08Ilocos Norte189,89799.627180.3820.0060.00Ilocos Sur191,61387.2128,06312.7770.00370.02Iloilo224,61748.85235,02951.121080.02490.01Iloilo City55,28246.4563,70853.5370.01120.01Iriga City9,25034.2417,75865.7300.0080.03Isabela402,86095.2520,0724.75150.00190.00Kalinga-Apayao77,42987.7910,62412.05490.06920.10La Carlota9,50468.034,46231.9430.0220.01La Union204,84488.1127,48011.82260.011490.06Laguna180,40944.84220,92454.91830.029040.22Lanao del Norte100,38369.2844,07030.414220.29220.02Lanao del Sur191,75586.9928,67613.01140.0110.00Laoag43,18997.978882.0120.0040.01Lapu-Lapu City22,37451.0221,41648.84560.1360.01Legazpi City16,54738.0626,90061.8740.01290.07Leyte300,80367.70143,26132.242450.06340.01Lipa20,52538.4932,74261.4190.02430.08Lucena20,10240.7229,03958.82150.032130.43Maguindanao182,32075.8657,86424.081080.04560.02Makati110,27454.4791,45245.17680.036570.32Malabon–Navotas–Valenzuela110,82444.01140,24455.70440.026860.27Mandaluyong–San Juan72,11844.4389,14554.92440.031,0010.62Mandaue14,35224.9642,97474.741580.27150.03Manila388,26648.67406,74750.982170.032,5870.32Marawi16,20359.8510,82940.00170.06230.08Marinduque34,46446.1540,18153.8170.01250.03Masbate72,15441.84100,12858.061670.10180.01Misamis Occidental51,75855.2041,47044.235260.5680.01Misamis Oriental81,96256.7260,88942.141,5951.10490.03Mountain Province9,80347.0110,66451.14290.143581.72Naga10,87426.5330,08073.3970.02280.07Negros del Norte85,72163.2949,70336.70140.0190.01Negros Occidental156,59561.6497,29238.30900.04510.02Negros Oriental113,40250.56110,18749.136560.29300.01Northern Samar62,88255.2350,96444.7640.00150.01Nueva Ecija222,09562.73131,81437.23180.011160.03Nueva Vizcaya55,84752.8149,73447.03230.021380.13Occidental Mindoro42,91754.2336,19045.7370.01300.04Olongapo48,33958.8433,71041.03130.02970.12Oriental Mindoro71,96045.2287,14254.7670.00280.02Ormoc20,89547.9022,61951.85970.22110.03Oroquieta8,81240.2212,91958.961750.8060.03Ozamiz12,97836.9421,92562.402210.63130.04Pagadian14,00944.4917,21954.682590.8220.01Palawan39,97047.1644,74252.79150.02220.03Palayan7,71887.241,12812.7500.0010.01Pampanga114,73331.97243,67267.90290.014560.13Pangasinan398,13862.29240,56537.64760.014000.06Parañaque–Las Piñas80,44239.88120,61259.80670.035810.29Pasay77,46951.0073,93948.67420.034620.30Pasig–Marikina95,20638.77149,41060.85440.028890.36Puerto Princesa City16,34951.5115,38048.4510.00110.03Quezon136,31237.61225,67262.27400.013780.10Quezon City272,96844.11342,96355.421970.032,7500.44Quirino36,41584.376,73915.6110.0080.02Rizal130,33544.68160,66155.08360.016510.22Romblon30,61943.6039,59456.3830.0080.01Roxas City19,01651.7517,70948.1920.01180.05Samar68,28158.1949,06941.8100.0000.00San Carlos, Negros del Norte14,45450.5014,06949.15950.3340.01San Carlos, Pangasinan19,53750.3319,28149.6700.0000.00San Jose21,01763.7011,96636.2720.01100.03San Pablo27,18741.6437,90258.05120.021860.28Silay City19,44858.3313,88941.6620.0100.00Siquijor20,66746.8223,44953.13210.0500.00Sorsogon69,87041.4198,74858.52330.02820.05South Cotabato88,09143.11115,62956.584890.241410.07Southern Leyte73,93456.2557,25843.561130.091340.10Sultan Kudarat53,94956.4841,40543.351140.12480.05Sulu128,85478.9434,33721.04220.01200.01Surigao City12,91937.7821,20462.01700.2030.01Surigao del Norte58,49642.7377,99456.973640.27430.03Surigao del Sur76,54161.8247,20238.12710.0670.01Tacloban32,80964.0418,39935.91100.02160.03Tagaytay5,06061.683,13238.1810.01100.12Tagbilaran8,76740.0413,04359.57640.29210.10Taguig–Pateros–Muntinlupa71,12944.9486,76854.82280.023670.23Tangub5,13031.1411,30268.61390.2420.01Tarlac166,90058.31119,22941.6550.001140.04Tawi-Tawi65,09685.1511,33914.8390.0150.01Toledo14,65241.3920,67158.39790.2210.00Trece Martires7,41597.861622.1400.0000.00Zambales82,78262.1950,15137.67110.011740.13Zamboanga City48,94340.9970,13658.74240.023050.26Zamboanga del Norte94,50963.5553,22135.799530.64290.02Zamboanga del Sur138,11652.45123,07546.732,0410.781160.04Total10,807,19753.629,291,71646.1034,0410.1723,6520.12Source: Batasang Pambansa COMELEC tally for vice president Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Tolentino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 50.66 Laurel United Nationalist Democratic Organization 45.85 Others gray 3.49 By region Region Tolentino Laurel Kalaw Arienda Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Metro Manila1,411,86347.321,336,16244.78219,7637.3716,0090.54I1,173,31270.37394,25523.6596,2575.773,4100.20II825,88683.83150,53815.288,1110.826200.06III984,04548.86920,09545.69104,9575.214,8110.24IV853,60032.721,691,01164.8158,5242.245,9740.23V388,96132.70774,33665.0925,6542.166450.05VI814,91649.23783,18347.3156,9103.443510.02VII790,43249.46799,56550.047,5710.474170.03VIII606,64858.76403,66039.1021,9312.121100.01IX531,45759.27359,50240.095,1920.585680.06X552,52851.17519,50248.117,4510.693000.03XI599,46247.03635,70149.8737,6402.951,8150.14XII601,02060.72375,59537.9512,2241.249440.10Total 10,134,130 50.66 9,173,105 45.85 662,185 3.31 35,974 0.18Source: Batasang Pambansa By province and city Province/City Tolentino Laurel Kalaw Arienda Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Abra76,23394.274,4415.491590.20330.04Agusan del Norte44,82857.3433,01842.233180.41180.02Agusan del Sur56,98856.2443,94443.373400.34550.05Aklan60,14847.3564,70850.942,1371.68270.02Albay67,73628.98153,53065.7012,2915.261390.06Angeles City20,99730.0038,76655.389,80214.004340.62Antique52,98238.8682,35160.409870.72250.02Aurora18,73948.2419,56550.375091.31290.07Bacolod52,52244.4755,40846.9110,0778.531000.08Bago21,63461.4812,79836.377592.1600.00Baguio40,93760.9222,36333.283,1374.677631.14Bais9,20050.399,03549.49180.1040.02Basilan26,42646.3430,07652.744970.87270.05Bataan68,26849.8962,55345.715,6744.153470.25Batanes2,81748.682,94450.87160.28100.17Batangas31,7118.05359,54791.272,1430.545470.14Batangas City5,8419.0758,02390.104410.68960.15Benguet42,63845.0447,93950.642,6942.851,3981.48Bohol173,80253.21151,17746.291,5140.461120.03Bukidnon113,08549.57113,69349.841,3160.58410.02Bulacan217,44344.04238,81048.3735,5547.201,8850.38Butuan34,33946.0539,22352.609901.33230.03Cabanatuan36,91558.9424,07338.441,5822.53620.10Cadiz29,00285.654,82014.23390.1200.00Cagayan271,38185.7243,82313.841,3050.41770.02Cagayan de Oro33,94145.0140,37253.541,0321.37580.08Calbayog24,22859.9815,25537.779072.2540.01Caloocan115,22150.4598,30043.0413,5875.951,2940.57Camarines Norte33,67930.7675,09368.585960.541210.11Camarines Sur90,83227.34239,88972.211,4150.43820.02Camiguin10,60039.8915,29957.576742.5430.01Canlaon7,41670.073,13629.63310.2900.00Capiz73,89152.4765,30446.381,6001.14210.01Catanduanes33,53050.4232,09048.258751.32110.02Cavite178,92553.05147,03943.609,8612.921,4560.43Cavite City28,45162.6015,47734.051,2442.742790.61Cebu261,46151.14248,21348.551,5320.30430.01Cebu City71,26631.24154,22167.612,4931.091280.06Cotabato81,78944.7497,64553.422,9561.624090.22Cotabato City10,11136.5516,93061.195652.04610.22Dagupan19,20141.5516,51035.7210,41722.54880.19Danao57,16799.343720.6560.0110.00Dapitan12,56657.409,26242.31600.2730.01Davao City128,43548.56127,95548.387,5792.875140.19Davao del Norte162,44451.91147,85747.252,4540.781670.05Davao del Sur103,82056.8477,33742.341,3830.761290.07Davao Oriental43,18837.4470,93861.501,1450.99730.06Dipolog12,62345.9214,65153.292050.75120.04Dumaguete11,70836.8419,81862.362140.67400.13Eastern Samar41,57743.0052,48254.282,6272.7210.00General Santos21,79636.8931,20852.825,7989.812840.48Gingoog17,44755.4713,92644.28770.2420.01Ifugao4,33438.376,28155.605895.21920.81Iligan29,89043.1138,75655.895790.841140.16Ilocos Norte187,44098.562,4301.283020.1690.00Ilocos Sur184,18484.5132,93715.117850.36480.02Iloilo195,81542.91238,08352.1722,4094.91520.01Iloilo City51,61943.4359,35649.947,8506.60310.03Iriga8,63731.9618,26367.581150.4380.03Isabela394,08594.6721,0165.051,0080.241510.04Kalinga-Apayao72,79783.2510,62612.153,9444.51760.09La Carlota9,04365.264,64333.511681.2120.01La Union197,27385.1131,83413.732,4791.072050.09Laguna127,32731.75257,36664.1814,7453.681,5950.40Lanao del Norte94,61966.7146,89033.062970.21370.03Lanao del Sur159,33974.4854,22625.353560.17170.01Laoag42,46096.451,3423.052080.47130.03Lapu-Lapu City22,59651.8120,88747.901220.2840.01Legazpi15,39635.5826,46361.161,3503.12580.13Leyte296,34167.18142,64732.342,0890.47420.01Lipa7,62014.2641,58877.854,1537.77600.11Lucena14,51729.4533,57168.099331.892810.57Maguindanao157,94468.0170,16230.213,9891.721380.06Makati102,97650.9886,65742.9011,4305.669390.46Malabon–Navotas–Valenzuela113,27345.26120,30848.0715,4566.181,2170.49Mandaluyong–San Juan58,97836.4472,95645.0828,97117.909270.57Mandaue15,90527.7640,98971.543800.66230.04Manila405,08650.83322,77340.5065,2498.193,9040.49Marawi14,45653.8312,25545.631140.42320.12Marinduque26,99736.3646,62162.785850.79540.07Masbate66,98739.37101,55559.681,5820.93310.02Misamis Occidental50,57354.5141,84245.103460.37110.01Misamis Oriental79,10156.0461,20443.367980.57490.03Mountain Province9,40746.0710,34050.644102.012601.27Naga8,85921.5731,87677.622990.73340.08Negros del Norte71,10656.8850,28940.233,6102.8950.00Negros Occidental145,01957.61101,14540.185,5112.19550.02Negros Oriental113,50051.16107,33448.389870.44410.02Northern Samar55,67549.3552,44846.494,6754.14190.02Nueva Ecija210,49259.75134,16938.087,2972.073330.09Nueva Vizcaya51,35249.0052,08049.701,1611.112010.19Occidental Mindoro38,33648.6139,73050.387230.92690.09Olongapo47,20757.7433,29140.721,1401.391250.15Oriental Mindoro46,27029.18110,27869.551,8891.191110.07Ormoc20,61647.8022,27751.652180.51160.04Oroquieta8,78240.4412,84359.15840.3950.02Ozamiz10,16129.0924,57170.351760.50180.05Pagadian14,25845.8316,63653.472050.66120.04Palawan36,05642.8947,74256.792230.27480.06Palayan6,96078.971,74019.741131.2800.00Pampanga115,28732.26209,70058.6831,4198.799750.27Pangasinan357,25756.24208,98332.9068,44310.775930.09Parañaque–Las Piñas82,28840.79109,04354.059,5924.758300.41Pasay73,92648.7468,96845.478,1065.346810.45Pasig–Marikina101,00941.20122,87350.1219,9468.141,3410.55Puerto Princesa City15,77649.9115,55449.202500.79310.10Quezon88,34924.61266,54974.263,8801.081480.04Quezon City290,70147.04282,09345.6540,9146.624,2850.69Quirino29,11467.7313,76832.03880.20130.03Rizal135,97647.06137,26947.5014,8915.158280.29Romblon27,37239.3941,80360.162850.41310.04Roxas City18,13449.6417,22847.161,1383.12290.08Samar63,11054.1043,48437.2810,0518.6200.00San Carlos, Negros del Norte14,69051.6613,63747.961090.3810.00San Carlos, Pangasinan16,28242.1415,13639.177,22318.6900.00San Jose19,25458.5010,69232.492,9408.93270.08San Pablo15,70624.1147,45772.841,6892.592980.46Silay City19,31158.0913,41340.355161.5530.01Siquijor20,65960.6513,37539.27270.0820.01Sorsogon63,30538.1095,57757.527,1314.291610.10South Cotabato81,71539.94103,44950.5618,8929.235490.27Southern Leyte72,62055.6357,69644.202100.1640.00Sultan Kudarat52,87255.5938,73140.723,3683.541360.14Sulu125,08377.2536,65122.631790.11170.01Surigao City13,10738.5020,19859.327352.1680.02Surigao del Norte74,45460.4748,11939.085470.4490.01Surigao del Sur58,06442.8576,95756.793890.29990.07Tacloban32,48163.6517,37134.041,1542.26240.05Tagaytay3,47242.374,63056.50800.98120.15Tagbilaran10,78249.2210,95750.021500.68170.08Taguig–Pateros–Muntinlupa68,40543.3882,19152.126,5124.135910.37Tangub5,12231.2511,25068.64180.1100.00Tarlac161,97057.05113,90640.127,7092.723460.12Tawi-Tawi59,87582.4712,17516.775520.7640.01Toledo14,97042.6320,05157.09970.2820.01Trece Martires6,15983.661,20216.3300.0010.01Zambales79,25259.3052,39539.201,7271.292770.21Zamboanga City55,63846.8460,83051.211,9351.633710.31Zamboanga del Norte91,86262.7154,17736.993930.27450.03Zamboanga del Sur133,12651.32125,04448.201,1660.45770.03Total10,134,13050.669,173,10545.85662,1853.3135,9740.18Source: Batasang Pambansa NAMFREL tally for president 73.78 United Nationalist Democratic Organization Corazon Aquino 7909320 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Ferdinand Marcos(incumbent) 7376599 United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relationshttps://books.google.com/books?id=pWoUHMEzh4gC Report to the President of the United States of America on the February 7, 1986 Presidential Election in the Philippines U.S. Government Printing Office 1986 Washington 165 Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Aquino United Nationalist Democratic Organization 51.74 Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 48.26 By region Region Aquino Marcos Votes % Votes %Metro Manila1,541,72553.991,313,75046.01I346,71532.57717,95867.43II106,72734.49202,71365.51III858,24954.40719,35545.60IV1,157,49355.08944,10744.92V652,83763.88369,13436.12VI576,80949.84580,51450.16VII729,24456.13569,90043.87VIII331,95141.58466,37258.42IX274,89750.82266,07649.18X480,73750.32474,62349.68XI609,80453.55529,05646.45XII242,13252.05223,04147.95Total 7,909,320 51.74 7,376,599 48.26Source: United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations By province and city Province/City Aquino Marcos Votes % Votes %Abra3,06510.3226,62389.68Agusan del Norte29,95342.3340,81657.67Agusan del Sur29,09044.9635,61955.04Aklan36,31352.8632,38547.14Albay149,85469.2166,67430.79Angeles City50,12471.5019,97628.50Antique61,11955.1449,71744.86Aurora13,53447.7714,79752.23Bacolod66,07955.2653,50144.74Bago10,15739.1815,76960.82Baguio20,68437.0435,15162.96Bais9,11850.768,84549.24Basilan13,23160.328,70239.68Bataan59,94449.5860,95950.42Batanes2,14146.362,47753.64Batangas183,94661.11117,04438.89Batangas City37,85364.9820,40335.02Benguet37,69953.3532,97046.65Bohol127,08448.32135,90151.68Bukidnon97,04450.7894,04749.22Bulacan251,26556.15196,19143.85Butuan37,54654.8630,89245.14Cabanatuan18,64941.3326,47858.67Cadiz56359.0139140.99Cagayan17,39719.8470,29080.16Cagayan de Oro61,22356.9946,19843.01Calbayog8,77840.4812,90559.52Caloocan106,86650.08106,51149.92Camarines Norte66,26667.1032,48932.90Camarines Sur163,74466.1983,65733.81Camiguin15,47758.1511,14041.85Canlaon3,07429.557,32870.45Capiz29,93947.8232,67252.18Catanduanes29,35950.2329,09249.77Cavite122,05543.23160,29756.77Cavite City12,63234.0624,45365.94Cebu205,82653.20181,09846.80Cebu City156,38373.4156,64226.59Cotabato86,46455.1070,46844.90Cotabato City19,02168.518,74331.49Dagupan22,44752.8720,01147.13Danao————Dapitan9,47443.4312,33956.57Davao City139,19055.98109,46544.02Davao del Norte124,88347.11140,18752.89Davao del Sur62,73443.5981,19856.41Davao Oriental63,94861.1440,65138.86Dipolog15,63856.2112,18243.79Dumaguete21,19168.709,65631.30Eastern Samar49,25355.2039,97744.80General Santos35,72663.8320,24336.17Gingoog13,17643.6117,03856.39Ifugao7,13555.015,83544.99Iligan42,32264.6623,12735.34Ilocos Norte2711.2221,93498.78Ilocos Sur21,47414.59125,68685.41Iloilo189,67053.09167,58546.91Iloilo City63,26153.3955,23746.61Iriga17,31466.048,90433.96Isabela24,89931.9253,11668.08Kalinga-Apayao9,13638.2414,75861.76La Carlota5,89629.7413,93170.26La Union14,08513.0194,19086.99Laguna176,04554.44147,35945.56Lanao del Norte29,56452.9026,32547.10Lanao del Sur5,33835.399,74564.61Laoag8033.7320,70796.27Lapu-Lapu City21,01850.0121,01149.99Las Piñas45,53156.7934,64443.21Legazpi24,43260.7015,81939.30Leyte108,17033.43215,43366.57Lipa30,23960.8219,47939.18Lucena27,65459.8918,52140.11Maguindanao25,58836.3944,72663.61Makati53,92846.1562,92753.85Malabon52,13155.1042,48944.90Mandaluyong54,86858.2239,37041.78Mandaue42,94674.1514,96825.85Manila389,72351.04373,82848.96Marawi7,72140.0511,55559.95Marikina70,67962.6642,11837.34Marinduque34,15253.3529,86146.65Masbate79,76958.1657,38241.84Misamis Occidental35,42546.3041,09453.70Misamis Oriental53,07442.1972,72757.81Mountain Province6,65758.294,76341.71Muntinlupa25,43059.4417,35540.56Naga29,36373.3810,65226.62Navotas27,50653.3224,07746.68Negros del Norte19,09757.8513,91242.15Negros Occidental86,20239.50132,01360.50Negros Oriental104,01750.38102,44949.62Northern Samar43,79645.4652,54454.54Nueva Ecija89,19242.13122,51557.87Nueva Vizcaya40,91746.3047,44953.70Occidental Mindoro26,94044.3033,87955.70Olongapo28,73741.8339,96958.17Oriental Mindoro65,90956.5450,65743.46Ormoc19,88353.6717,16446.33Oroquieta12,90359.828,66740.18Ozamiz21,50864.1612,01635.84Pagadian16,88355.7713,38944.23Palawan21,22555.9116,73844.09Palayan79923.822,55576.18Pampanga244,64668.45112,73731.55Pangasinan203,49238.84320,47261.16Parañaque72,98561.8944,95038.11Pasay72,95648.9776,03751.03Pasig77,74259.8252,22340.18Pateros7,85259.055,44640.95Puerto Princesa12,41047.7513,58252.25Quezon183,05462.93107,85137.07Quezon City343,78055.01281,12544.99Quirino71051.9865648.02Rizal152,63255.61121,84144.39Romblon18,85252.2717,21747.73Roxas City————Samar38,36743.6949,44056.31San Carlos, Negros del Norte————San Carlos, Pangasinan16,03850.9315,45149.07San Jose8,58636.8814,69763.12San Juan35,66253.0131,60946.99San Pablo35,22958.4325,06841.57Silay8,51339.2113,20160.79Siquijor5,84136.6710,08663.33Sorsogon93,77559.2564,48540.75South Cotabato110,89356.9783,74543.03Southern Leyte45,60949.2746,96450.73Sultan Kudarat26,11447.9528,35252.05Sulu————Surigao City20,58362.1912,51537.81Surigao del Norte42,43347.5946,72452.41Surigao del Sur72,43057.4953,56742.51Tacloban18,09536.1631,94563.84Tagaytay3,13238.235,06061.77Tagbilaran13,04759.818,76840.19Taguig40,06354.4233,55645.58Tangub11,30268.785,13031.22Tarlac18,43042.0725,38357.93Tarlac City41,95463.3424,28736.66Tawi-Tawi3,73134.107,20965.90Toledo19,71960.0013,14840.00Trece Martires————Tuguegarao4,39235.078,13264.93Valenzuela64,02358.4645,48541.54Zambales45,92338.4273,60861.58Zamboanga City66,11259.6744,68440.33Zamboanga del Norte32,98241.4946,50558.51Zamboanga del Sur116,77649.10121,06650.90Total7,909,32051.747,376,59948.26Source: United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relationshttps://books.google.com/books?id=pWoUHMEzh4gC Report to the President of the United States of America on the February 7, 1986 Presidential Election in the Philippines U.S. Government Printing Office 1986 Washington 166–178 NAMFREL tally for vice president 73.78 United Nationalist Democratic Organization Salvador Laurel 7648570 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Arturo Tolentino 6978702 Liberal Party (Kalaw wing) Eva Estrada Kalaw 648097 United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Laurel United Nationalist Democratic Organization 50.07 Tolentino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 45.69 Kalaw Liberal Party (Philippines) 4.24 By region Region Laurel Tolentino Kalaw Votes % Votes % Votes %Metro Manila1,297,45145.311,333,81746.58232,3468.11I309,65429.21668,33663.0582,0047.74II110,05235.82191,05162.186,1432.00III773,14249.09706,73744.8795,1366.04IV1,355,66564.71681,88232.5557,4372.74V659,74464.36335,85632.7629,4992.88VI565,66248.86534,44146.1657,6744.98VII700,35754.03586,72145.269,1940.71VIII324,60240.29461,08057.2319,9292.47IX264,44949.12269,21150.004,7350.88X477,20949.85470,55249.159,6191.00XI579,53550.99520,95945.8436,0253.17XII231,04850.51218,05947.678,3561.83Total7,648,57050.07 6,978,702 45.69648,0974.24Source: United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations By province and city Province/City Laurel Tolentino Kalaw Votes % Votes % Votes %Abra3,43311.5826,08487.971330.45Agusan del Norte29,99541.6941,63857.883080.43Agusan del Sur29,98847.4832,88852.072850.45Aklan36,01452.8330,73145.081,4262.09Albay145,02465.5261,45027.7614,8716.72Angeles City38,75055.5221,00130.0910,04014.39Antique68,82662.3040,74836.898950.81Aurora13,79748.9813,99249.673791.35Bacolod56,15546.7952,97044.1410,8929.08Bago9,57937.6915,22759.916112.40Baguio18,79133.6334,45461.672,6254.70Bais9,03050.168,95349.73200.11Basilan12,51256.319,11041.005992.70Bataan56,63547.0958,37548.535,2664.38Batanes2,22347.152,47552.49170.36Batangas276,56791.6622,8677.582,3110.77Batangas City50,59690.055,1719.204210.75Benguet34,47549.0833,98448.381,7842.54Bohol124,01347.24137,22952.271,2890.49Bukidnon97,12050.2394,18048.712,0581.06Bulacan217,65648.76195,78243.8632,9417.38Butuan35,03052.1931,11246.359781.46Cabanatuan19,03341.5925,44955.611,2812.80Cadiz52255.5337840.21404.26Cagayan17,80520.4069,07579.134150.48Cagayan de Oro57,07552.7249,72645.931,4641.35Calbayog8,48039.3612,65158.724151.93Caloocan91,74643.14107,80450.6913,1056.16Camarines Norte67,14768.2630,68831.205360.54Camarines Sur173,89670.5070,54028.602,2170.90Camiguin15,30557.5910,60039.886732.53Canlaon3,08429.807,23869.93280.27Capiz30,89650.2230,06348.875630.92Catanduanes28,16548.9528,78650.035901.03Cavite128,64845.86142,98750.978,8833.17Cavite City12,53634.4622,84562.791,0002.75Cebu203,47352.94179,15046.611,7570.46Cebu City143,92367.5466,64731.272,5321.19Cotabato83,22154.0068,08544.182,8191.83Cotabato City16,92961.3310,11136.635612.03Dagupan15,54436.5917,01040.049,92923.37Danao——————Dapitan9,20442.5612,36357.16600.28Davao City124,38649.79118,48247.436,9562.78Davao del Norte129,20648.52134,98650.692,0850.78Davao del Sur62,67943.8178,66254.981,7371.21Davao Oriental65,17762.3238,68536.997260.69Dipolog14,64752.9812,81046.331910.69Dumaguete19,17360.8312,02738.163191.01Eastern Samar48,02654.1638,05242.912,5982.93General Santos29,96453.9319,87535.775,72010.30Gingoog13,27943.1116,76654.437582.46Ifugao6,89956.674,68738.505884.83Iligan37,19756.9627,55242.195580.85Ilocos Norte4672.1121,59797.60640.29Ilocos Sur25,37917.29120,79582.276510.44Iloilo183,68952.82145,57741.8618,4875.32Iloilo City59,15349.9451,62943.597,6646.47Iriga17,65367.688,31631.881140.44Isabela26,57934.4150,31065.143440.45Kalinga-Apayao8,03433.8712,70853.582,97812.55La Carlota6,11030.4813,29966.356363.17La Union16,23315.0490,46283.811,2361.15Laguna204,03363.33105,13332.6313,0114.04Lanao del Norte29,05652.4626,09447.122320.42Lanao del Sur5,18135.209,52064.69160.11Laoag1,0824.9920,12692.774872.24Lapu-Lapu City20,25748.3021,30550.803780.90Las Piñas41,25251.6834,92043.753,6464.57Legazpi24,37360.0014,78036.391,4683.61Leyte107,41333.00215,71266.272,3810.73Lipa38,77377.637,32114.663,8547.72Lucena31,56768.5813,55129.449111.98Maguindanao26,80238.9540,33458.621,6722.43Makati49,31442.2761,24352.496,1185.24Malabon44,93147.8142,98545.746,0696.46Mandaluyong48,34151.2837,35639.628,5789.10Mandaue39,91671.1315,67227.935290.94Manila308,38140.54387,82350.9964,4568.47Marawi8,68346.0410,09753.53810.43Marikina55,64549.4046,32341.1210,6849.48Marinduque39,68162.2123,56036.935480.86Masbate79,71558.7753,89939.732,0331.50Misamis Occidental35,88146.6440,40452.526420.83Misamis Oriental53,60842.5271,70056.877610.60Mountain Province6,40656.684,65441.182422.14Muntinlupa24,19656.5816,90239.521,6703.90Naga32,02778.278,60021.022910.71Navotas23,27245.1124,14746.814,1658.07Negros del Norte17,43546.6318,60549.751,3543.62Negros Occidental89,07839.45122,15454.1014,5706.45Negros Oriental101,56548.89104,08850.102,0901.01Northern Samar44,82846.6647,30249.243,9434.10Nueva Ecija89,04242.27116,79155.454,7952.28Nueva Vizcaya43,48349.6542,62048.661,4801.69Occidental Mindoro29,04848.0930,75150.916041.00Olongapo28,44140.8740,22557.809231.33Oriental Mindoro80,79169.1033,85928.962,2731.94Ormoc19,69844.5424,14254.583900.88Oroquieta12,82659.558,62740.05850.39Ozamiz23,33670.309,67629.151850.56Pagadian16,33753.7513,65044.914071.34Palawan22,22759.0215,32340.691110.29Palayan99929.842,31869.24310.93Pampanga209,71259.02113,79332.0231,8248.96Pangasinan175,35733.68286,27854.9958,95511.32Parañaque65,78455.8346,33739.335,7084.84Pasay69,63440.8674,40343.6526,39815.49Pasig66,30951.3054,06441.828,8906.88Pateros7,06453.245,60642.255984.51Puerto Princesa12,62148.8212,99850.282340.91Quezon216,75574.3570,57024.214,1991.44Quezon City283,97345.94292,79747.3641,4196.70Quirino78957.9756141.22110.81Rizal129,09047.24127,45646.6416,7376.12Romblon20,58857.3715,19242.341050.29Roxas City——————Samar33,03037.9245,34752.068,73010.02San Carlos, Negros del Norte——————San Carlos, Pangasinan12,48739.9212,89241.225,89818.86San Jose7,71633.1513,56358.271,9978.58San Juan25,35737.7520,85231.0420,96331.21San Pablo43,71772.4714,83824.601,7712.94Silay8,20537.6413,06059.915362.46Siquijor5,83236.5810,10563.3860.04Sorsogon91,74458.1058,79737.237,3794.67South Cotabato96,97050.4376,97740.0318,3529.54Southern Leyte46,02549.7246,23049.943110.34Sultan Kudarat23,97944.6927,26650.812,4174.50Sulu——————Surigao City19,54059.3112,78538.816181.88Surigao del Norte42,97648.2945,22850.827840.88Surigao del Sur71,15356.9753,29242.674490.36Tacloban17,10234.2931,61463.381,1612.33Tagaytay4,63056.583,46842.38851.04Tagbilaran10,96050.0010,81349.331480.68Taguig37,19050.6932,71144.583,4704.73Tangub11,25068.215,22231.66200.12Tarlac17,56540.2224,28255.601,8264.18Tarlac City39,39059.5723,98736.282,7454.15Tawi-Tawi3,86035.526,93663.82720.66Toledo19,13158.4613,49441.24980.30Trece Martires——————Tuguegarao4,24032.218,61565.443102.35Valenzuela55,06250.5147,54443.616,4105.88Zambales48,20339.8671,27158.931,4671.21Zamboanga City57,00251.1952,53747.181,8251.64Zamboanga del Norte32,96142.0345,25657.712020.26Zamboanga del Sur117,92650.00116,54949.421,3790.58Total7,648,57050.076,978,70245.69648,0974.24Source: United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Aftermath and legacy 1986 COMELEC walkout People Power Revolution The conduct of the election led to popular belief that the polls were tampered with and the results were fraudulent. The following days consisted of debates and actions as a sign of aversion to the conduct of the election. But in the end, international observers declared that the "election of February 7 was not conducted in a free and fair manner" due to the influence and power of the Marcos administration. The International Observer Delegation stated that Marcos's proclamation of victory was invalid because the Batasan "ignored explicit provisions of the Philippine Electoral Code requiring that the tampered or altered election returns be set aside during the final counting process, despite protests by representatives of the opposition party." After further investigation, a multinational team of observers cited cases of vote-buying, intimidation, snatching of ballot boxes, tampered election returns and the disenfranchisement of thousands of voters. On February 9, thirty-five computer programmers walked out of the COMELEC's electronic quick count at the Philippine International Convention Center, some fearing for their safety and seeking sanctuary in Baclaran Church. The technicians—whose protest was broadcast live on national television—claimed that the Marcos camp had manipulated the election results.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuoRItazdj8 Walkout on 9 February 1986 Soho Jessica October 28, 2013 https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/SuoRItazdj8 December 21, 2021 live YouTubeCarvajal Nancy C. February 24, 2016 1986 Comelec tabulators fear Marcos return https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/767885/1986-comelec-tabulators-fear-marcos-return October 31, 2022 INQUIRER.net en Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, declared, "If a government does not of itself freely correct the evil it has inflicted on the people, then it is our serious moral obligation as a people to make it do so." The declaration called on "every loyal member of the Church, every community of the faithful, to form their judgment about the February 7 polls," and "[n]ow is the time to speak up. Now is the time to repair the wrong. The wrong was systematically organized. So must its correction be. But as in the election itself, that depends fully on the people; on what they are willing and ready to do."Post-Election Statement http://www.cbcponline.net/documents/1980s/1986-post_election.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201056/http://www.cbcponline.net/documents/1980s/1986-post_election.html September 23, 2015 November 28, 2014 cbcponline.net The United States Senate passed a resolution stating the same. Opposition from the Church and the United States eventually led to the resignation of defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Armed Forces vice chief of staff Fidel V. Ramos, who secluded themselves in the military and police headquarters of Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame, respectively. In response, the People Power Revolution was held from February 22 to 25, 1986, which toppled the Marcos dictatorship. Aquino was praised in the American press: The courage and the essential goodness of Corazón Aquino was so impressive in her battle against enormous odds. And the bravery of her followers— many of whom were killed as they pursued their belief in a true democracy... And then there was this: the role of the press, print and electronic. Through television cameras and newspapers, the whole world was watching. President Marcos could lie and cheat, but in the end he could not hide.Bain David Haward 1986 Letter from Manila http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/12220693/letter-from-manila dead Columbia Journalism Review 25 28–31 https://web.archive.org/web/20161127085131/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/12220693/letter-from-manila November 27, 2016 EBSCOhost Tom Brokaw, NBC Nightly News Although Marcos died in exile in 1989, many of his supporters remained powerful in government and society. Fidel Ramos was elected to succeed Aquino as president in 1992. The Marcos family have gone to great lengths to reestablish his reputation in the Philippines, including through a campaign of historical revision. As of 2026, his son Bongbong Marcos is president of the Philippines, having won the 2022 presidential election in a landslide. Monument of Heroes Bantayog ng mga Bayani A number of individuals who were killed in an effort to protect the integrity of the 1986 Philippine presidential election have been formally honored as "heroes" at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Monument of Heroes). These include Jeremias de Jesus, Evelio Javier, Francisco Laurella, Salvador Leaño, Fernando Pastor Sr., and Michael Sumilang.February 13, 1986 Slain Opposition Leader Talks in Tape of How He Might Be Killed with AM-Philippine Election AP News https://apnews.com/article/cf285bc4869559534688a2aecd44a5d8October 15, 2015 De Jesus, Jeremias S. https://www.bantayog.org/de-jesus-jeremias-s/ February 24, 2022 Bantayog ng mga BayaniMay 3, 2016 Sumilang, Michael J. https://www.bantayog.org/sumilang-michael-j/ February 24, 2022 Bantayog ng mga BayaniNovember 15, 2015 Laurella, Francisco "Frank" C. https://www.bantayog.org/laurella-francisco-frank-c/ February 24, 2022 Bantayog ng mga BayaniAugust 19, 2015 Leaño, Salvador Fabella https://www.bantayog.org/leano-salvador-fabella/ February 23, 2022 Bantayog ng mga Bayani en-USJuly 13, 2016 Pastor, Fernando T. Sr. https://www.bantayog.org/pastor-fernando-t-sr/ February 24, 2022 Bantayog ng mga Bayani In media The snap elections and their aftermath are dramatized in the 1988 film A Dangerous Life. See also Commission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Philippine elections President of the Philippines 2024 Venezuelan presidential election References 30em External links The Philippine Electoral Almanac, prepared by the Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO) Corazon C. Aquino page https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134523/http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/fifth-republic/corazon-aquino/ November 4, 2012 from the Presidential Museum and Library (also under the PCDSPO), contains results of the 1986 snap elections from the Philippine Electoral Almanac An Act Calling a Special Election for President and Vice-President, Providing for the Manner of the Holding Thereof, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and For Other Purposes, Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 (National Law No. 883), via the Supreme Court E-Library Official website of the Commission on Elections 1986 Philippines Elections Photo Gallery of 1986 Snap Elections from the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090958/http://www.namfrel.com.ph/v2/photogallery/index1980s.php March 4, 2016 Radio commercials Marcos-Aquino 1986 Presidential Election Campaign Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Category:1986 elections in the Philippines Category:People Power Revolution 1986 Category:Electoral fraud in the Philippines Category:Annulled elections Category:Special elections in the Philippines Category:Ferdinand Marcos administration controversies Category:Corazon Aquino Category:Ferdinand Marcos Category:Salvador Laurel