1934 Nepal–India earthquake

1934 earthquake in South Asia August 2014 October 2024 1934 Nepal–India earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 904745 iscgem904745 yes 1934 01 15 2:13 pm IST Nepal 8.0 w y 15 km on 26.86 N 86.59 E inline,title India, Nepal X 10,700–12,000 dead Oblique Main Frontal-Himalayan Thrust Old Darbhanga Raj Palace-Damaged by earthquake.jpg Old Darbhanga Raj Palace which was damaged by the earthquake The 1934 Nepal–India earthquake or 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13 pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Earthquake The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5 km mi on south of Mount Everest. The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320 km mi on or), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465 km mi on or). The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Ground effects A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300 km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. thumb|250px|Gandhi visits after the earthquake In Muzaffarpur, sand fissures erupted at several places in town. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. Most of the buildings in Muzaffarpur were damaged. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground. Damage The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal—Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan—were severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed its path eastward. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. In the Phulhar village of district, the earlier older temple of the Girija Sthan was damaged and collapsed due to the earthquake.2025-03-01 तीसरे दिन राजा जनक के कुलदेवी स्थल गिरिजा स्थान पहुंची सीता संवाद यात्रा, माता सीता रोज करती थीं पूजा - Sitamarhi News https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/sitamarhi/news/on-the-third-day-sita-samvad-yatra-reached-girija-sthan-the-kuldevi-sthal-of-king-janak-where-mother-sita-used-to-worship-daily-134560753.html 2026-08-15 Dainik Bhaskar hi In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu.Bipin Adhikari. The Great Earthquake of 1934 https://web.archive.org/web/20150529074222/http://www.spotlightnepal.com/News/Article/Bipin-Adhikari-great-earthquake-Nepal 29 May 2015 . NewSpotLight Nepal News Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 22, 22 May 2015. Accessed 29 May 2015. The number of deaths was 10,700–12,000 with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts.Rāṇā, Brahmaśamśera Jaṅgabahādūra, and Kesar Lall. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). 1st English edition. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar, 2013. 9789937330152 Aftermath Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability.https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/the-great-debate-6334226/ When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition 28 March 2020https://scroll.in/article/724133/suggesting-religious-reasons-for-quakes-isnt-new-mahatma-gandhi-did-that-in-1934 Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934 30 April 2015 In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other leaders such as Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work.Ramaswami Venkataraman India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division So may India be great: selected speeches and writings of President R. Venkataraman https://books.google.com/books?id=08VGAAAAMAAJ 1990 Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations.Nehru Memorial Museum and Library https://books.google.com/books?id=MgduAAAAMAAJ NMML Manuscripts: An Introduction 120 2003 Nehru Memorial Museum and Library 9788187614050https://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/3361819/MUZAFFARPUR-City/city#clip/65793594/abf76f4c-a26e-45d9-b83c-ee761630f949/991.1111111111111:488.8907095871553 Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day 24 January 2022 Prabhat Khabar hi He operated several relief camps providing the affected people with food and shelter.4 March 2021 https://teesrijungnews.com/2021/03/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C/ मग़फ़ुर अहमद अजाज़ी : जंग ए आज़ादी का गुमनाम सिपाही! Teesri Jung hi See also 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake 1988 Nepal earthquake April 2015 Nepal earthquake May 2015 Nepal earthquake List of earthquakes in 1934 List of earthquakes in India References ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2015 International Seismological Centre Version 2.0 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3528&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display Significant earthquake 16 February 2012 National Geophysical Data Center dead https://web.archive.org/web/20171216112019/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3528&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display 16 December 2017 The Great Indian Earthquake of 1934 http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/10194/1/ji0132013.pdf Nasu Nobuji Earthquake Research Institute 20 March 1935 30 April 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150506001818/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/10194/1/ji0132013.pdf 6 May 2015 Murty C.V.R. Malik Javed N. Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India http://ejse.org/Archives/Fulltext/2008/Special1/200807.pdf 30 April 2015 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20120610055148/http://www.ejse.org/Archives/Fulltext/2008/Special1/200807.pdf 10 June 2012 Brett William Bailie A Report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the Measures Taken in Consequence Thereof Up to the 31st December 1934 https://books.google.com/books?id=KbjHAAAAIAAJ 1935 Superintendent, Government Print. Available at The South Asia Archive Amin Shahid Linden Marcel van der Peripheral Labour: Studies in the History of Partial Proletarianization https://books.google.com/books?id=FClErftju_kC&pg=PA83 1997 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58900-0 83 Gunn Angus Macleod Encyclopedia of Disasters: Environmental Catastrophes and Human Tragedies https://books.google.com/books?id=4YzF-DT__aIC&pg=PA337 30 December 2007 Greenwood Publishing Group 978-0-313-08747-9 337–339 Bihar, India, earthquake U.S. Geological Survey Historic Earthquakes – Bihar, India – Nepal https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1934_01_15.php U.S. Department of the Interior 29 April 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150429014734/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1934_01_15.php 29 April 2015 Social and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought https://books.google.com/books?id=4x34We-mY40C&pg=PA101 Bidyut Chakrabarty 2006 Taylor & Francis 978-0-415-36096-8 101 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935 http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/70/3/757.abstract D. D. Singh H. K. Gupta 1979 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 70 3 757–773 10.1785/BSSA0700030757 subscription Further reading Marcussen Eleonor https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/acts-of-aid/0E6AADE3EDCCF421BB97C7919C24C544 Acts of Aid: Politics of Relief and Reconstruction in the 1934 Bihar–Nepal Earthquake January 2022 Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83809-2 Cambridge Riesner M. Bollinger L. Rizza M. Klinger Y. Karakaş Ç. Sapkota S. N. Shah C. Guérin C. Tapponnier P. Surface rupture and landscape response in the middle of the great Mw 8.3 1934 earthquake mesoseismal area: Khutti Khola site Scientific Reports 13 1 2023 4566 2045-2322 10.1038/s41598-023-30697-7 36941305 10027815 2023NatSR..13.4566R free External links 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934 – Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Intensity Map (Archived) – Amateur Seismic Centre 904745 Category:Earthquakes in India Bihar Earthquake, 1934 Category:Earthquakes in Nepal Bihar Earthquake, 1934 Category:Natural disasters in Bihar Category:1934 in Nepal Category:January 1934 in Asia Category:Megathrust earthquakes in India Category:1934 disasters in India Category:1934 disasters in Nepal