1948 Miami hurricane

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1948 Hurricane Nine (Fox) 1948 Miami hurricane analysis 6 October.png Surface weather analysis of the hurricane on October 6 October 3, 1948 October 16, 1948 110 971 ≤ 1948 11 direct 12500000 Cuba, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda 1948 Atlantic hurricane season The 1948 Miami hurricane (Air Weather Service designation: Fox)Report on the 1948-49 Post-Analysis Program of the Air Force Hurricane Office United States Air Weather Service Washington, D.C. 1949 Air Weather Service Technical Report caused no fatalities in Florida, despite moving across the Miami area as a hurricane.Sumner, H. C. 1948 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/076/mwr-076-12-0277.pdf North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1948 U.S. Weather Bureau 2009-01-04 The ninth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1948 season, the storm developed from a large low pressure area over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on October 3. The storm intensified into a tropical storm early the next day and a hurricane several hours later. Fox then significantly deepened, peaking with winds of 125 mph km/h on early on October 5. Around that time, Fox made landfall in eastern Pinar del Río Province of Cuba. Fox crossed the island and emerged into the Straits of Florida. Late on October 5, the hurricane struck Bahia Honda Key, Florida, with winds of 105 mph km/h on and two hours later, hit Flamingo. Fox emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Fort Lauderdale early on October 6. The storm moved northeastward and later curved to the east-northeast. Late on October 7, Fox made landfall on Bermuda with winds of 105 mph km/h on. Fox weakened over the next several days and later executed a large cyclonic loop. By October 16, it became extratropical while well east-southeast of Newfoundland. In Cuba, homes and cattle were swept away by flash flooding. Eleven deaths and about 300 injuries were attributed to the tropical cyclone. Damage in the country reached about $6 million. The storm brought strong winds to Florida, with a sustained wind speed of 122 mph km/h on at Naval Air Station Key West. Heavy rainfall exceeding 9.5 in mm on in Miami and three tornadoes also contributed to the damage in South Florida. Throughout the state, 674 homes were severely damaged or destroyed, while 45 other buildings were demolished. Overall, damage in Florida reached $5.5 million and there were no deaths, but 36 injuries, none of which were serious. In Bermuda, buildings were unroofed and the sides of some structures were knocked down. Electrical light wires and telephone lines were toppled across the island. Damage totaled over $1 million. Meteorological history AL09 1948 path.png new A very large but weak and elongated low pressure area first noted over the Intertropical Convergence Zone on October 1 developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on October 3, while situated about 55 mi km on southeast of the Swan Islands. The storm intensified into a tropical storm early on October 4 and was designated as Tropical Storm Fox by the Air Weather Service in real time, although the name Fox is not included in HURDAT. Several hours later, the storm intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. A reconnaissance flight into the hurricane late on October 4 indicated winds near the center estimated at 90 mph km/h on. Early the following day, Fox became a Category 2 hurricane. At 06:00 UTC the system peaked as a Category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph km/h on. About an hour later, Fox made landfall at the same intensity in eastern Pinar del Río Province of Cuba. Shortly before 12:00 UTC on October 5, the storm emerged into the Straits of Florida. Prior to reanalysis in 2014, it was thought that Fox briefly strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph km/h on, but reanalysis instead revealed that the storm weakened to 125 mph km/h on because the aforementioned wind speed was a gust rather than a sustained wind. Fox weakened while moving northeastward and fell to Category 2 hurricane intensity by 18:00 UTC, at which time it made landfall on Bahia Honda Key, Florida, with winds of 105 mph km/h on. Continuing northeastward, the hurricane struck near Flamingo about two hours later at the same intensity. While passing near Miami early on October 6, Fox briefly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Shortly thereafter, it emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Fort Lauderdale and quickly re-strengthened to a Category 2 hurricane. After brushing Grand Bahama island, the storm continued on its northeasterly trajectory into the open sea, until curving east-northward on October 7. Around 12:00 UTC, a ship observed a barometric pressure of 971 mbar inHg on on, the lowest in relation to the cyclone. Ten hours later, Fox made landfall on Bermuda with winds of 105 mph km/h on. The storm fell to Category 1 early on October 8 and to tropical storm status after about 24 hours. Fox then meandered out in the central Atlantic for several days and executed a large cyclonic loop between October 11 and October 14. Fox turned northward on October 14 and began to accelerate. After curving northeastward, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone early on October 16 while located about 535 mi km on east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The remnants were absorbed by a cold front several hours later. Impact The storm brought strong winds to Cuba, with a wind gust of 132 mph km/h on in Havana. The city suffered considerable damage, forcing police to patrol for looters.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3997947/fitchburg_sentinel/ 75-Mile Winds Said Sweeping Key West Area October 5, 1948 Associated Press Fitchburg Sentinel 1 January 9, 2016 Newspapers.com Miami, Florida Nearly all of the city was left without electricity.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3998080/albany_democratherald/ Storm Wrecks Havoc in Cuba October 5, 1948 United Press International Albany Democrat-Herald 1 January 9, 2016 Newspapers.com Miami, Florida In some portions of the neighborhood of Miramar, flooding was reported. Trees were felled onto Paseo del Prado, a famous street in Havana.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4006837/the_ogden_standardexaminer/ Hurricane Pounds at Cuba And Roars Toward Miami October 5, 1948 Associated Press Standard-Examiner 1 newspapers.com January 10, 2016 Miami, Florida In other parts of the city, falling trees and rubble also disrupted transportation. There were heavy crop losses in Havana and Pinar Del Rio provinces,http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT Christopher W. Landsea Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 9, 2016 Miami, Florida etal where several rivers overflowed their banks. Homes and cattle were swept away by flash flooding.Barnes, p. 181 Overall, the hurricane left eleven fatalities, three of them due to houses collapsing on their occupants. Additionally, there were about 300 injuries and an estimated $6 million in damage. After the storm, Cuban President Ramón Grau, President-elect Carlos Prío Socarrás, and Major General Genovevo Pérez Dámera – Chief of Staff of the Army – assessed damage in the Havana area and developed plans for recovery.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4007486/logansport_pharostribune/ Tropical Storm Nears Florida October 5, 1948 United Press International Logansport Pharos-Tribune newspapers.com 1 January 10, 2016 Havana, Cuba The Hurricane Warning Service, operated by the United States Weather Bureau and the predecessor to the National Hurricane Center, issued hurricane warnings from Fort Myers to Miami, including the Florida Keys on October 4. Miami Weather Bureau chief Grady Norton urged residents to take precautions and concentrate on further advisories.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rdctAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pmQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3716%2C6890264 Hurricane is Expected to Hit Florida October 4, 1948 Associated Press Sarasota Herald-Tribune 1 January 9, 2016 Miami, Florida On October 5, the hurricane warning was revised to include Naples to Jupiter. Additionally, other warnings were issued for areas surrounding Lake Okeechobee due to flooding concerns. Four U.S. Navy wartime housing project areas in Key West were evacuated. About 100 Seminoles fled the Brighton Seminole Indian Reservation, with 95% of the property still inundated from the September hurricane.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4007339/times_herald/ Houses are Wrecked by 130-Mile Winds; Miami in Storm Path Francis McCartny October 5, 1948 United Press International Times Herald-Record 1 newspapers.com January 10, 2016 Havana, Cuba Two 25-car trains evacuated about 5,000 people in the Lake Okeechobee area in Lake Harbor and transported them to Sebring. Many residents throughout South Florida boarded-up their windows and sandbagged their properties.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3998080/albany_democratherald/ Hurricane Sweeps Over Florida Keys October 5, 1948 United Press International Albany Democrat-Herald 1 January 9, 2016 Newspapers.com Miami, Florida The American Red Cross opened 143 shelters, which 21,663 people sought refuge in. The hurricane, reminiscent of Hurricane Floyd in 1987, produced minimal damage in the Florida Keys.Swanson, Gail http://www.keyshistory.org/hurricanelist.html Florida Keys Hurricanes of the Last Millennium Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys 2009-01-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20081202004202/http://www.keyshistory.org/hurricanelist.html 2 December 2008 live etal Strong winds were reported at some islands, with winds well over 100 mph km/h on observed on Bahia Honda Key. At the Naval Air Station Key West on Boca Chica Key, several buildings were deroofed.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4007564/the_marysville_tribune/ Hurricane Hits Key West Area October 5, 1948 Marysville Journal-Tribune 1 January 10, 2016 newspapers.com Miami, Florida The cyclone produced a storm surge of 4.5 ft m on on Biscayne Bay. Rainfall exceeded 9.5 in mm on at the Miami airport station, inundating many streets in the city and in Hialeah, Homestead, Miami Beach, Miami Springs. In Hialeah, the city mayor reported water depths of 3.5 ft m on in the streets. A Miami bridge, located near the Miami River, was damaged by a loose barge during the hurricane. Planes were overturned and damaged by strong winds at the Tamiami Airport.Barnes, p. 182 Electrical outages occurred in Miami as power lines snapped due to the wind. In Miami Beach, a fire that broke out during the storm severely damaged a meat market and destroyed a photo shop.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4443748/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ Hurricane Roars Through Famed Gold Coast Area October 6, 1948 Associated Press The San Bernardino Sun 1 February 26, 2016 Miami, Florida Newspapers.com Prior to landfall, the hurricane produced three tornadoes, all of which attained the equivalence of F2 intensity on the modern Fujita scale.Grazulis, p. 940 A tornado destroyed three homes in the city of Opa-locka, where damage reached $15,000. The tornado flipped cars and inflicted extensive damage at the Royal Palm dairy farm.Barnes, p. 182Grazulis, p. 940 Another tornado touched down just south of Pompano Beach demolished 25 homes and left $100,000 in damage and seven injuries.Grazulis, p. 940http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/076/mwr-076-10-0236.pdf Severe Local Storms for October 1948 U.S. Weather Bureau 2009-01-09 Forty-four minutes later, a third tornado struck homes west of Fort Lauderdale. One building, containing two stories, lost its roof, while five homes incurred damage. Barns were damaged or destroyed. Losses reached $15,000.Grazulis, p. 940 West Palm Beach observed wind gusts up to 62 mph km/h on.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4443815/abilene_reporternews/ Hurricane Passes Over Miami, Speeds Up Atlantic Coast October 6, 1948 Abilene Reporter-News 6 February 26, 2016 Miami, Florida Newspapers.com The hurricane caused no fatalities across the state, which the Weather Bureau considered unusual due to the storm's path over the densely populated Miami metropolitan area. The passage of hurricane in September, which had resulted in pre-existing damage, mitigated the destruction from the October hurricane.Barnes, p. 182 Overall, 36 homes were destroyed and 638 others suffered serious impact, while 45 buildings were demolished and 50 others experienced damage. Total losses in Florida reached $5.5 million, which included $3.5 million to property, $1.5 million to crops, $400,000 to electricity and communications, and $100,000 to roads. In the Bahamas, wind gusts reached 110 mph km/h on on Grand Bahama. Bermuda was also impacted by the hurricane, with strong winds blowing roofs off buildings, including a portion of the roof on the House of Assembly of Bermuda, and the sides of some structures were knocked down. Electrical light wires and telephone lines were down across the island. Kindley Air Force Base and the U.S. Naval Base received minimal damage. Damages exceeded $1 million.Associated Press October 9, 1948 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4443945/the_bridgeport_telegram/ Million Damage Done by Bermuda Hurricane The Bridgeport Telegram February 26, 2016 Hamilton, Bermuda 11 Newspapers.com See also Tropical cyclones List of Bermuda hurricanes List of Florida hurricanes References Barnes, Jay 1998 Florida's Hurricane History Chapel Hill Press 0-8078-2443-7 Grazulis, Thomas P. 1993 Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events Environmental Films 1-879362-03-1 Williams, John M. 2002 Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms: Expanded Edition University Press of Florida 0-8130-2494-3 etal registration https://archive.org/details/floridahurricane0000will_g8q6 Notes M Category:Hurricanes in Florida Miami hurricane, 1948 Miami hurricane, 1948 Category:Hurricanes in the Bahamas Category:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes Category:Hurricanes in Cuba Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda Miami hurricane Miami hurricane Miami hurricane Miami hurricane