1942 Grantham by-election

UK parliamentary by-election 1942 Grantham by-election parliamentary United Kingdom Constituency of Grantham no 1935 United Kingdom general election 1935 1945 United Kingdom general election 1945 25 March 1942 Denis Kendall Ind. Independent (politician) 11,758 50.8% black New Arthur Longmore x160px Conservative Party (UK) 11,391 49.2% 8.9% MP Victor Warrender Conservative Party (UK) Denis Kendall Independent (politician) 42.6% ( 31.6%)November 2019 The 1942 Grantham by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Grantham on 25 March 1942. Vacancy The by-election was caused by the ennoblement of the sitting Conservative MP, Rt Hon. Sir Victor Warrender as Baron Bruntisfield. He had been MP here since gaining the seat from the Liberal party in 1923. Election history Grantham had been won by the Conservative Party at every election since 1923. The result at the last General election was as follows; 1935 general election : Grantham F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949 Electorate 51,494 Conservative Party (UK) Victor Warrender 22,194 58.1 -11.1 Labour Party (UK) Montague William Moore 16,009 41.9 +11.1 6,185 16.2 -22.2 38,203 74.2 -5.3 Conservative Party (UK) Candidates thumb|Sir Arthur Longmore The local Conservatives selected 57-year-old Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Longmore. The outbreak of the Second World War found Longmore an Air Chief Marshal and in charge of RAF Training Command.Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Longmore On 2 April 1940, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding in the Middle East. He did not long enjoy the full confidence of Winston Churchill in that position and was relieved of his command in May 1941. His last role before his formal retirement in 1942 was as Inspector-General of the RAF. Longmore's constant demands for reinforcements resulted in some unwelcome attention from Churchill, who hated pessimists and senior commanders who complained about their lack of resources. After some acerbic correspondence, in which Churchill accused Longmore of failing to make proper use of the manpower and aircraft he had, Longmore was recalled to London in May 1941.The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography However, given the prominence of RAF Cranwell in the constituency, Longmore looked a suitable candidate, even if he was an outsider.Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies The Labour party had re-selected Montague Moore to be their candidate at the General Election expected to take place in 1939-40. He was a local schoolmaster at Claypole. He had fought the seat on four previous occasions for Labour having started his political career as a Conservative.The Times Guide to the House of Commons 1929-35 At the time of the by-election, he was still theoretically their candidate.Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939 The Liberals had not run a candidate here since they nearly re-gained the seat in 1929 and had no candidate in place at the outbreak of war.The Liberal Magazine, 1939 In accordance with the terms of the wartime electoral truce, no official Labour or Liberal candidate was put forward. However, an Independent candidate emerged in the person of 39-year-old Denis Kendall. In 1938, Kendall moved to Grantham and became Managing Director of an arms production company, the British Manufacture and Research Company (BMARC). His factory was highly productive, where workers were well-paid and provided with endless music and dance parties. He was a member of Grantham Labour party but when the news first broke of a by-election, he had approached the local Conservatives offering to be their candidate, but was turned down.By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden Campaign Polling day was set for 25 March 1942. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Longmore and the Independent Kendall. Longmore received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition. Kendall had initially been supported by the Grantham Labour Party, which then withdrew support on orders from Labour Party Headquarters.The Times 23–24 March 1942 The party kept its collective head down during the campaign, though they did have to restrain Montague Moore, the previous Labour candidate and a few other local Labour members from actively supporting Kendall. The war was not going well for the Allies; the Soviets had been driven back, the Japanese had taken Singapore and many were calling for Britain to create a 'Second Front' in Europe. The popular Labour politician Sir Stafford Cripps, who had returned to Britain following a spell as Ambassador to the Soviet Union, was brought into Churchill's War Cabinet. One of Kendall's campaign leaflets proclaimed that "Denis Kendall is another Stafford Cripps. Independent yet Churchillian." Kendall campaigned against the "gang" around Churchill without being critical of Churchill himself.Page 14, Volume One, Margaret Thatcher: The Authorised Biography, Charles Moore Kendall revealed wartime production figures in his election hustings speeches to criticise the government, but in a way that breached the Official Secrets and the Defence of the Realm Acts. The Grantham Communist party in line with the position taken by their national headquarters, circulated a leaflet that urged electors to vote for the Conservative Longmore, so as to show solidarity with the Red Army. Result Kendall won and became the first Independent to defeat a government candidate since the war started; Grantham by-election, 1942 Electorate 54,317 Independent (politician) Denis Kendall 11,758 50.8 New Conservative Party (UK) Arthur Longmore 11,391 49.2 −8.9 367 1.6 N/A 23,149 42.6 -31.6 Independent (politician) Conservative Party (UK) On 18 April 1942, the magazine Picture Post published a lengthy interview with Kendall with accompanying action pictures and the eye-catching quote: "I won't sit down and I won't shut up". Aftermath In 1945, even with the intervention of a Labour candidate, Kendall still beat the Conservative into second place. The result at the following General election; General election 1945: Grantham Electorate 62,783 Independent (politician) Denis Kendall 27,719 58.2 +7.4 Conservative Party (UK) George Arthur Worth 12,206 25.6 −23.6 Labour Party (UK) Thomas Sansby Bavin 7,728 16.2 N/A 15,513 32.6 +31.0 Grantham 47,653 75.9 +33.3 Independent (politician) See also List of United Kingdom by-elections United Kingdom by-election records References Category:1942 in England Grantham Category:Politics of Grantham Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Lincolnshire constituencies Category:March 1942 in the United Kingdom