1977 Soviet nuclear tests

none List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1977 Nuclear Blast Animation Rising Mushroom Cloud.gif Nuclear blast animation Soviet Union Atyrau, Kazakhstan; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Irkutsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk, Russia; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Zabaykalsky (then Chita), Russia 1977 24 underground shaft, tunnel 120 ktTNT in 1976 Soviet nuclear tests 1978 Soviet nuclear tests 1977 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1977 nuclear test series was a group of 24 nuclear tests conducted in 1977. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1976 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1978 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1977 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.Time Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 458458 dmy 1977 3 29 03:56:58 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 130 49.97 78.086 458 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000240000 24 kt Supposed to be in the Sary-Uzen test area, simultaneous with 457 in Degelen. 457 - 1457 dmy 1977 3 29 03:56:59.95 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 707 49.7704 78.0136 457 - 1 inline 000735735 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000250000 25 kt 457 - 2457 dmy 1977 3 29 03:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 707 49.7704 78.0136 457 - 2 inline 000735735 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 457 - 3457 dmy 1977 3 29 03:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 707 49.7704 78.0136 457 - 3 inline 000735735 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg Simultaneous with 458. 459459 dmy 1977 4 25 04:07:00.16 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 604p 49.8076 78.1144 459 inline 000770770 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000100000 10 kt 460460 dmy 1977 5 29 02:57:00.13 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1400 49.94639 78.77167 460 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000440000 44 kt 461461 dmy 1977 6 29 03:07:00.24 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1080 50.00211 78.86589 461 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000090000 9 kt 462 Meteorit 2 (Meteorite)462 Meteorit 2 (Meteorite) dmy 1977 7 26 17:00:00.2 KRAT (7 hrs) Krasnoyarsk, Russia: M2 69.575 90.375 462 Meteorit 2 (Meteorite) inline 000000 – 880 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000150000 15 kt Seismic probing program. 463 - 1463 dmy 1977 7 30 01:57:00.11 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 175 49.75 78.0399 463 - 1 inline 000682682 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000110000 11 kt 463 - 2463 dmy 1977 7 30 01:57:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 175 49.75 78.0399 463 - 2 inline 000682682 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 464 Meteorit 5 (Meteorite)464 Meteorit 5 (Meteorite) dmy 1977 8 10 22:00:00.1 YAKT (9 hrs) Zabaykalsky (then Chita), Russia: M5 50.955 110.983 464 Meteorit 5 (Meteorite) inline 000195685 m on – 490 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000085000 8.5 kt Seismic probing program. 465465 dmy 1977 8 17 04:26:59.97 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 111 49.82615 78.12007 465 inline 000640640 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000080000 8 kt 466 Meteorit 3 (Meteorite)466 Meteorit 3 (Meteorite) dmy 1977 8 20 22:00:00.8 KRAT (7 hrs) Krasnoyarsk, Russia: M3 64.108 99.558 466 Meteorit 3 (Meteorite) inline 000000 – 600 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000085000 8.5 kt Seismic probing program. 467 - 1467 dmy 1977 9 1 02:59:57.97 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-17 73.339 54.619 467 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 600 m on tunnel,weapons development 001200000 120 kt 467 - 2467 dmy 1977 9 1 02:59:58.0 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-17 73.339 54.619 467 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 467 - 3467 dmy 1977 9 1 02:59:58.0 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-17 73.339 54.619 467 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 467 - 4467 dmy 1977 9 1 02:59:58.0 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-17 73.339 54.619 467 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 468 - 1468 dmy 1977 9 5 03:02:59.96 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1079 50.05666 78.93845 468 - 1 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000780000 78 kt 468 - 2468 dmy 1977 9 5 03:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1079 50.05666 78.93845 468 - 2 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,fundamental science 000000000 unknown yield 469 Meteorit 4 (Meteorite)469 Meteorit 4 (Meteorite) dmy 1977 9 10 16:00:00.2 IRKT (8 hrs) Irkutsk, Russia: M4 57.251 106.551 469 Meteorit 4 (Meteorite) inline 000000 – 540 m on underground shaft,industrial 000076000 7.6 kt Seismic probing program. 120 km NE Uzst-Kut. 470 Galit A5 (Halite)470 Galit A5 (Halite) dmy 1977 9 30 06:59:58.4 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-V 47.89717 48.16124 470 Galit A5 (Halite) inline 000000 – 1500 m on underground shaft,industrial 000100000 10 kt Create reservoirs for gas storage. Location looks like a subsidence crater. 471471 dmy 1977 10 9 10:59:58.12 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-7P 73.409 54.927 471 inline 000000100 m on – 160 m on tunnel,weapons development 000050000 5 kt Venting detected off site, 3 kCi TBq on 472 Galit A2.2 (Halite)472 Galit A2.2 (Halite) dmy 1977 10 14 06:59:59.1 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-II-3 47.909 47.912 472 Galit A2.2 (Halite) inline 000000 – 600 m on underground shaft,industrial 000001000 100 t Create reservoirs for gas storage. This shot was a fizzle. 473 - 1473 dmy 1977 10 29 03:06:59.97 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 136 49.8265 78.0801 473 - 1 inline 000638638 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000420000 42 kt 473 - 2473 dmy 1977 10 29 03:07:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 136 49.8265 78.0801 473 - 2 inline 000638638 m on + tunnel,fundamental science 000000000 unknown yield 474474 dmy 1977 10 29 03:07:04.92 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1214 50.04851 78.98633 474 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000500000 50 kt 475 Galit A2.3 (Halite)475 Galit A2.3 (Halite) dmy 1977 10 30 06:59:59.1 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-II-4 47.909 47.912 475 Galit A2.3 (Halite) inline 000000 – 600 m on underground shaft,industrial 000001000 100 t Create reservoirs for gas storage. A fizzle. 476476 dmy 1977 11 12 05:11:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1073 50.05222 78.86444 476 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 477477 dmy 1977 11 27 03:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 18p 49.75725 78.05279 477 inline 000537537 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 478 - 1478 dmy 1977 11 30 04:06:59.94 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Glubokaya 49.96722 78.87444 478 - 1 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000700000 70 kt 478 - 2478 dmy 1977 11 30 04:06:59.9 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Glubokaya 49.96722 78.87444 478 - 2 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 479479 dmy 1977 12 26 04:03:?? ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 803 49.81683 78.05366 479 inline 000722722 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 480 - 1480 dmy 1977 12 26 04:03:00.24 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 123p 49.80554 78.11539 480 - 1 inline 000752752 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000060000 6 kt 480 - 2480 dmy 1977 12 26 04:03:00 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 122p 49.80621 78.11687 480 - 2 inline 000711711 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000010 1000 kg 480 - 3480 dmy 1977 12 26 04:03:00 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 122p 49.80621 78.11687 480 - 3 inline 000711711 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 480 - 4480 dmy 1977 12 26 04:03:00 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 122p 49.80621 78.11687 480 - 4 inline 000711711 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Cochran Thomas B. Arkin William M. Robert S. Norris Jeffrey I. Sands Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons Harper and Row New York, NY Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 Thurber Clifford Chad Trabant Florian Haslinger Renate Hartog 2001 10.1016/s0031-9201(00)00215-6 Nuclear explosion locations at the Balapan, Kazakhstan, nuclear test site: the effects of high-precision arrival times and three-dimensional structure Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 123 283–301 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240373396_Nuclear_explosion_locations_at_the_Balapan_Kazakhstan_nuclear_test_site_the_effects_of_high-precision_arrival_times_and_three-dimensional_structure December 13, 2013 1977 Category:1977 in the Soviet Union Category:1977 in military history Category:1977 explosions