18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

May 2022 June 2022 18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment 18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.jpg 200px Regimental colors of 18th Massachusetts Volunteers August 1861 – September 1864 United States of America 1861 Union United States Army Infantry In 1863: 1st Brigade (Tilton's), 1st Division (Barnes's), V Corps, Army of the Potomac Siege of YorktownBattle of Hanover Court HouseSecond Battle of Bull RunBattle of AntietamBattle of FredericksburgBattle of GettysburgBattle of the WildernessBattle of Spotsylvania Court HouseBattle of Cold HarborSiege of Petersburg Col. James BarnesDyer 1908 1254 Federal Publishing Company 1908 175 120px 1st Division, III Corps 120px 1st Division, V Corps Massachusetts U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 17th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment 19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment thumb|Joseph Hayes of the 18th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was a Union regiment that fought in the American Civil War. History Initial training The regiment was organized at Readville and Boston in July 1861.Bowen 1889 281 Schouler 1861 44 Recruited chiefly from the counties of Norfolk, Bristol, and Plymouth, it then moved to at Camp BrighamHeadley 1866 247Camp Brigham was specifically formed in DedhamSchouler 1868 189–190 to train the 18th Massachusetts.Camp Brigham 2020 in Dedham for basic training.Bowen 1889 281 It was formed, primarily, with men of the Bristol, Norfolk and Plymouth counties of MassachusettsHeadley 1866 247 with a 3-year enlistment period. The regiment originally consisted of 10 companies, band and regimental staff. The regiment followed the standard structure of the three-year volunteer regiments of ten companies of 83-101 men (which could be split into two battalions on an ad hoc basis) and a field staff of 36-66.Schouler 1861 26-29Cavalry regiments were organized with twelve companies of 60-80 troopers. The extra two companies, or troops, led to a volunteer cavalry regiment being slightly smaller in total compared to an infantry regiment. The officers were divided into field staff who ran the regiment and battalions and the line or company officers who ran the companies. Due to a lack of personnel and infrastructure ready when the war began, the federal government left the recruiting, equipping, and providing of recruits to the states with reimbursement to come from the federal level upon muster into federal service.Huston 1966 163-164 Since the states were handling the process, existing militia companies building to full-strength followed the existing militia practice of voting in new recruits which made recruitment slower than the new volunteer companies in the regiment. Five companies reached the rendezvous early in July, 1861, by direction of the governor when the defeat at Bull Run shook Washington, DC. Bowen 1889 281 Nason 1910 231-234 In response, on 22 July, Lincoln authorized the call-up of 500,000 more three-year enlistments. The next day, the Secretary of War issued a call for all available regiments and detachments to be hurried forward at once.Rawley 1989 58 Up to 20 August three more companies had formed. Most of the line officers were mustered on that day, and the enlisted men in camp were sworn in four days later. As a consequence, the regiment mustered into federal service on 27 August 1861 with only eight companies. Orders to report with the command at Washington were then received, and the journey began on the 28 August, with a full complement of officers, and eight hundred and ninety-one men.Bowen 1889 281 Headley 1866 247 About a month later Company A joined the regiment, but Company C did not report for duty till the last of November, being sworn into the United states service 14 January 1862.Bowen 1889 281 1861 Going by way of New York, Harrisburg, and Baltimore, the Eighteenth reached Washington 30 August, and next day reported to Colonel E.D. Baker, going into camp about a mile to the west of the Capitol, the location being called Camp Massachusetts. The regiment was ordered on the 3d of September to cross the river and report to General Fitz John Porter, commanding a division, by whom it was assigned to General Martindale's Brigade, its fellow regiments being the Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New York. The regimental camp was located near Fort Corcoran, on ground recently occupied by the Sixty-ninth New York, and the Eighteenth began to see actual service in fatigue duty and on picket. The division was moved to the front on the 26th and went into camp near Hall's Hill, then the outpost of the Union army. This position was occupied during the winter, the regiment giving much attention to drill and discipline, so that at a review held at Bailey's Cross Roads it was especially complimented for excellence by the commander in chief, and as a mark of appreciation received new uniform and camp equipage imported from France and modeled on that of the French chasseurs a pied. Before the opening of the spring campaign some changes were made in Martindale's Brigade, the Forty-first New York giving place to the Twenty-second Massachusetts and Twenty-fifth New York Regiments, while the Second Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters was attached to the brigade, which was known as the First Brigade, Porter's Division, Third (Heintelman's) Corps. 1862 The winter camp was vacated 10 March 1862, and the regiment marched to Fairfax, stopping there until the 16th, when it was ordered to Alexandria to embark for the Peninsula. Transports were taken on the 21st, and two days later the command debarked at Old Point Comfort, encamping at Hampton for two days and then at Newmarket Bridge, where it remained until the Federal army was ready for the forward movement. This began on 4 April, and early on the afternoon of the following day the defenses of Yorktown were reached, before which the Army of the Potomac came to a halt and remained for a month.Eicher McPherson McPherson 2001 215-217 Esposito 1959 48-49 - Map 40 The Eighteenth took active part in the earlier operations by which the enemy's line was located, and three of its companies were at once placed on the skirmish line, while the remainder of the regiment formed a portion of the main line of battle, but no casualties were suffered. Later the command went into camp near by and daily furnished heavy details for outpost and fatigue duty until the evacuation of Yorktown. Immediately on that event Porter's Division took transports and landed on 8 May at West Point, near the junction of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers. Up the south side of the latter the division marched, setting out on the 13th, going first to Cumberland, thence to White House, moving on the 19th toward Richmond as far as Tunstall's Station, and on the 26th to Gaines Mills. During this time the Fifth (Provisional) Army Corps had been formed, of which General Porter was given command. It was composed of his own division, the command of which was taken by General Morrell, and another under General Sykes. The brigade to which the Eighteenth belonged was strengthened by the addition of the First Michigan Regiment, and was known as the First Brigade, First Division. About the same time the regiment exchanged the smooth-bore muskets with which it had thus far been armed for the Springfield rifled pattern. Early in the morning of the 27th the division set out for Hanover Court House, but as the Eighteenth had been on picket during a heavy storm it was not in condition to march at once; and though it followed a few hours later it was not in time to take part in the brilliant action by which General Porter defeated the Confederate force under General Branch. It assisted in burying the dead left upon the field by the enemy and on the 29th returned to its camp at Gaines Mills. There it remained until 26 June, when with the Seventeenth New York of Butterfield's Brigade it was detached from the division to accompany a force of cavalry and artillery under General Stoneman for the protection of the army supplies at White House. The operations which followed were arduous, and demanded many of the best qualities of soldiership, but all were performed in a manner to win praise. The stores there having been destroyed in conformity with McClellan's purpose to change base to the James river, the regiment embarked on transports, dropped down the river and finally by way of Fortress Monroe arrived at Harrison's Landing, where it debarked for one day before the arrival of the rest of the brigade, which meantime had been fighting its way across the Peninsula. With the rest of the army, the Eighteenth encamped at Harrison's Landing until 15 August, the only movement of note during that time so far as they were concerned being a reconnaissance to the Chickahominy the last of July, returning to camp the same day. Before the transfer to the vicinity of Washington, however, various changes occurred among the officers. Colonel Barnes took command of the brigade, succeeding General Martindale, who was made military governor of Washington; Lieutenant Colonel Ingraham had been made colonel of a new Massachusetts regiment, then being recruited; Major Hayes having been prostrated by sickness was necessarily away from the regiment, and the command devolved upon Captain Thomas, under whom the march was made on the 15th to the Chickahominy, thence by way of Williamsburg, Yorktown, and Hampton to Newport News, where on the 20th transports were taken for Acquia Creek. Going from there by rail to Falmouth, the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station, where it arrived on the 23d. The next few days were devoted to maneuvering and marchings to and fro, falling back on the 27th to Warrenton, next day to Catlett's, and on the 29th to Manassas Gap. From this point it marched to the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run, in which it was destined to take an important part. As the brigade, temporarily under the command of Colonel Charles W. Roberts of the Second Maine, came upon the field during the forenoon of the 30th it was formed in double line of battle with supports in echelon, the Eighteenth forming the first line in rear of the skirmishers, two of its companies being deployed to extend the skirmish line so as to form connection on the right. An attempt was then made to advance across a field and through a piece of woods, by which it was hoped to flank a Confederate battery; but the failure of troops to the right and left to advance rendered the attempt futile; the brigade was soon obliged to half and answer the fire which was poured in from front and both flanks, and after half an hour of this unequal contest the decimated regiments fell back to a less exposed position, Syke's Division (Second) of the same corps covering their withdrawal. That night the regiment, which had won high praise for its gallantry during the day, retired with its corps to Centerville. It had lost in the engagement 40 killed, 101 wounded and 28 missing [1], – more than half the number taken into action. Of the dead were Captain Charles W. Carroll, First Lieutenant Warren D. Russell and Second Lieutenant Pardon Almy Jr. Previous to this two officers of the regiment had died from disease – First Lieutenant George F. Hodges on 31 January and Second Lieutenant John D. Isbell on 16 July. Major Hayes returned to the command of the Eighteenth on 1 September. He was soon promoted to the vacant lieutenant colonelcy, Captain Thomas being made major; the commissions dated from 25 August, but it was some time later that the recipients were mustered to the new rank. During the night of the 1st and the following day the regiment marched to Chain Bridge, going on the 3d to Hall's Hill, where it rested until evening of the 6th. It then moved by night to Alexandria and staid until the 9th, thence to Fort Corcoran, opposite Georgetown, making another three-day's halt. Then began the march to the Antietam, where the Fifth Corps arrived on the 16th, but beyond supporting batteries on the east side of the creek the Eighteenth took no active part in the engagement. After the fighting was over the regiment was detailed for picket near the Burnside bridge, at the left, where it passed the 18th and the succeeding night, advancing the next day to the Potomac. It crossed that river on the 20th, leading its brigade, and opened the action of Shepherdstown, in which the two brigades commanded by Barnes and Sykes encountered four times their number of Confederates, and being unsupported were obliged to fall back. The Eighteenth retired in good order, having lost three killed, 11 wounded and one missing. Following this unsatisfactory experience, the regiment remained in camp near Sharpsburg for about six weeks. The movement southward began on 30 October, when the column marched toward Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac there the following day and advanced by easy stages to Warrenton, where it went into camp on the 9th. During this time the brigade, still commanded by Colonel Barnes, had been enlarged by the addition of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Regiment; the division was at that time under General Charles Griffin and the corps was commanded by General Butterfield. Camp was broken on the 17th, the regiment moving by way of Elktown to Hartwood Church, encamping there from the 19th to the 23d and then advancing to a position on the railroad near the village of Falmouth. It remained there, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to Hartwood Church on 1 December, until the 11th of that month, when it took position further down the river, opposite Fredericksburg, and remained in waiting there until the afternoon of the 13th before it was called on to join in that battle. The call to action came at 1 o'clock, when the regiment led its division across the river, being the first of the Fifth Corps to cross. The brigade at once went to the front and relieved a brigade of the Ninth Corps which had suffered severely in an attempt to reach the enemy's line of works. A charge was made soon after by the Eighteenth, but it was not successful and cost the command heavily in killed and wounded. After falling back it was reformed and again took its place in the front of the Union line where it remained during the rest of the afternoon and in that vicinity until the evening of the next day, when it retired to the town and early the next morning as part of the rear guard covered the withdrawal of the troops from that side of the river. The loss of the regiment in this battle was 13 killed and 121 wounded [2]; among the former being Captain George C. Ruby and Second Lieutenant James B. Hancock of Cambridge, and of the nine officers wounded Captain Joseph W. Collingwood would die on the 24th. Every member of the color guard was wounded, so severe was the fire upon the colors; but not a member of the regiment was missing from his place save the killed and wounded when the ordeal was over. 1863 1864 The regiment mustered out in September 1864. Men, who reenlisted or still had time left on their enlistment, were transferred to the 32nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. After the war An association of the 18th Massachusetts Veterans was formed and met on an annual basis from 1866, with the last known reunion occurring at Hyde Park, MA in 1924. Through the efforts of Lieutenant Amasa Guild, the group was able to retrieve the State Colors in 1905 from the Museum of the Confederacy. The Colors had been lost in the Second Battle of Bull Run in 1862 and captured. The association attempted to put together an official history of the regiment but was never able to agree on it and abandoned the project. Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties Organizational affiliation Attached to: Fort Corcoran, Defences of Washington, to October, 1861.Dyer 1908 1254 Martindale's Brigade, Porter's Division, Army of the Potomac (AoP), to March, 1862.Dyer 1908 1254 1st Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps, AoP, to May, 1862.Dyer 1908 1254 1st Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, AoP, to March, 1864.Dyer 1908 1254 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, AoP, to October, 1864.Dyer 1908 1254 List of battles The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:Dyer 1908 1215–1216 Higginson 1896 255-268 40em Siege of Yorktown (1862) Second Battle of Bull Run Shepardstown Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Gettysburg Rappahannock Station Mine Run Wilderness Spottsylvania Battle of North Anna Cold Harbor Battle of Bethesda Church Petersburg Weldon Railroad Battle of Peebles's Farm Detailed service 40em 1861Dyer 1908 1254 Left Massachusetts for Washington, D.C., 1 September Duty at Fort Corcoran, Defences of Washington, D. C, till 26 September 1861 Hall's Hill, Va., till 10 March 1862 1862Dyer 1908 1254 Advance on Manassas, Va., 10-16 March 1862 Moved to Alexandria, thence to Fortress Monroe 16-23 March Peninsula Campaign March 16-August 28 Reconnaissance to Great Bethel 27 March Warwick Road 5 April Siege of Yorktown 5 April – 4 May Battle of Hanover Court House 27 May Operations about Hanover Court House 27-29 May Seven days before Richmond 25 June – 1 July Operations about White House Landing 26 June – 2 July At Harrison's Landing till 15 August Retreat from the Peninsula and movement to Centreville 15-28 August Second Battle of Bull Run 30 August Battle of Antietam, Md., 16-17 September Shepherdstown Ford 19 September Shepherdstown, W. Va., 20 September At Sharpsburg till 30 October Movement to Falmouth, Va., 30 October – 19 November Battle of Fredericksburg 12-15 December Expedition to Richards and Ellis Fords 29-30 December 1863Dyer 1908 1254 "Mud March" January 20-24, 1863 Duty at Falmouth till 27 April Chancellorsville Campaign 27 April - 6 May Battle of Chancellorsville 1-5 May Gettysburg Campaign 11 June - 24 July Ashby's Gap 21 June Battle of Gettysburg 1-3 July Williamsport, Md., 14 July At Warrenton and Beverly Ford 27 July to 17 September At Culpeper till 11 October Bristoe Campaign 11-22 October Advance to line of the Rappahannock 7-8 November Rappahannock Station 7 November Mine Run Campaign 26 November - 2 December At and near Brandy Station and Stevensburg till May 1864 1864Dyer 1908 1254 Overland Campaign (from the Rapidan to the James) May- 18 June Battles of the Wilderness 5-7 May Laurel Hill 8 May Spottsylvania 8-12 May Spottsylvania Court House 12-21 May Assault on the Salient 12 May North Anna River 23-26 May Jericho Ford 23 May On line of the Pamunkey 26-28 May Totopotomoy 28-31 May Cold Harbor 1-12 June Bethesda Church 1-3 June Before Petersburg 16-18 June Siege of Petersburg 16 June to 21 October Weldon Railroad 21-23 June 'Old members left front 20 July and mustered out 2 September 1864. Veterans and Recruits consolidated to a Battalion.' Poplar Springs' Church Peeble's Farm, 30 September – 2 October. 'Consolidated with 32nd Massachusetts Infantry 21 October 1864.' Notable members and leaders Frederick C. Anderson – Of Raynham, awarded the Medal of Honor for the capture of battle flag of 27th South Carolina (C.S.A.) and the color bearer during the Battle of Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. James Barnes (General) – Of Springfield, was original Commanding officer of the regiment and Division Commander during the Battle of Gettysburg.His decisions during the Battle of Gettysburg would turn out to be the most significant action in his career. The new division commander, now 61 years old (older than any other Union general present except Brig. Gen. George S. Greene), arrived early on the morning of the second day, 2 July 1863, with the rest of the V Corps. During the massive Confederate assault on the Union left flank that afternoon, one of Barnes' brigades, under Col. Strong Vincent, was detached to defend the flank at Little Round Top. The brigade performed magnificently, but Barnes had made the key decision to send it there.Barnes was also the father of US Naval Academy and Civil War veteran, John Sanford Barnes, who was later the first President of the Naval History Society. Benjamin Franklin DeCosta – Of Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts, proficient writer and Chaplain to the regiment. Although an Episcopalian during the war, he would later convert to Roman Catholicism.1 De Costa, Benjamin Franklin 7 915 Erastus Watson Everson – Of Dedham, later worked for the Freedmen's Bureau, Internal Revenue Service Assessor, newspaper editor, and librarian of the University of South Carolina. Dr. David P. Smith, MDHall 1900b 260 Vol. II Of Springfield, regimental surgeon, noted Springfield physician. See also American Civil War List of Massachusetts Civil War units Massachusetts in the Civil War Dedham, Massachusetts in the American Civil War List of Massachusetts Civil War Units Massachusetts in the American Civil War References Footnotes 60em Citations Sources 60em Bowen James L Massachusetts in the War 1861–1865 1889 Springfield, MA Clark W. Bryan & Co 281–289 en PDF https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K0tLhkfW1wwC 8 August 2015 registration 02014318 1986476 Dyer Frederick H. Frederick H. Dyer A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015026937642?urlappend=%3Bseq=1266%3Bownerid=13510798899657173-1292 Dyer Publishing Company Des Moines, IA 1908 25, 41, 158. 276, 290, 291, 1254 2027/mdp.39015026937642?urlappend=%3Bseq=1386%3Bownerid=13510798899657173-1292 1403309 09005239 en pdf October 25, 2024 Eicher David J. David J. Eicher McPherson James M. James M. McPherson McPherson James Alan James Alan McPherson The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War Simon & Schuster 2001 New York, NY 990 en https://archive.org/details/longestnightmili00eich 6 July 2020 registration 978-0-7432-1846-7 231931020 2001034153 PDF Federal Publishing Company Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, And Delaware Federal Publishing Company The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers. I 1908 Madison, WI https://archive.org/details/unionarmyhistory01madi/page/60/mode/2up 694018100 PDF 175-176 Hall Charles Winslow Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc. I 1900a Boston W.H. Potter & Co. 559765857 https://archive.org/details/regimentsarmorie02hall en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Hall Charles Winslow Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc. II 1900b Boston W.H. Potter & Co. 559765857 https://archive.org/details/regimentsarmorie02hall en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Headley Phineas Camp Massachusetts in the Rebellion: a Record of the Historical Position of the Commonwealth, and the Services of the Leading Statesmen, the Military, the Colleges, and the People, in the Civil War of 1861–65 Walker, Fuller & Co Boston, MA PDF 1866 8406829 https://archive.org/details/massachusettsin01headgoog en 8 August 2015 266–268 registration Higginson Thomas Wentworth (State Historian Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 I Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers Boston, MA 1896 1049652105 34, 50–55, 72–79, 92–103, 115–130, 137, 147–151, 230–231, 565–569 https://archive.org/details/massachusettsina01higg/page/230/mode/2up en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Higginson Thomas Wentworth (State Historian Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 II Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers Boston, MA 1895 02014316 1049652105 176, 183–184, 226, 235 https://books.google.com/books?id=kyETAAAAYAAJ en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Huston James Alvin The Sinews of War: Army Logistics, 1775-1953 Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army Army Historical Series CMH Pub 30-4 2nd, 1997 1966 Washington, DC 160-64, 179-186, 180-198, 252, 300, 321-328, 463 474, 660 en https://history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-4/cmhPub_30-4.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20151016161824/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-4/cmhPub_30-4.pdf dead 16 October 2015 14 November 2020 66060015 573210 Johnson Robert Underwood Buel Clarence Clough Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel The Opening Battles The Century Company Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" I 1887 New York City 784 https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044385/page/n10/mode/2up 48764702 Johnson & Buel, The Opening Battles Battles and Leader, vol. I (1887) Johnson Robert Underwood Buel Clarence Clough Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel The Struggle Intensifies The Century Company Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" II 1887 New York City 786 https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044393/page/n8/mode/2up 48764702 Johnson & Buel, The Struggle Intensifies Battles and Leader, vol. II (1887) Johnson Robert Underwood Buel Clarence Clough Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel The Tide Shifts The Century Company Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" III 1887 New York City 778 https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044401/page/n8/mode/2up 48764702 Johnson & Buel, The Tide Shifts Battles and Leader, vol. III (1887) Johnson Robert Underwood Buel Clarence Clough Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel Robert Underwood Johnson Clarence Clough Buel Retreat with Honor The Century Company Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" IV 1887 New York City 778 https://archive.org/details/cu31924081314753/page/n10/mode/2up 48764702 Johnson & Buel, Retreat with Honor Battles and Leader, vol. IV (1887) McPherson James M. James M. McPherson Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era Oxford University Press Oxford History of the United States 1988 Oxford, UK 904 https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up PDF 978-0-19-503863-7 7577667 McWhiney Grady Jamieson Perry D. Attack and Die: Civil War Tactics and Southern Heritage 1982 Tuscaloosa, AL University of Alabama Press 978-0-8173-0229-0 7461732 https://books.google.com/books?id=bY7JCgAAQBAJ en PDF 8 August 2015 subscription Nason George W. History and Complete Roster of the Massachusetts Regiments, Minute Men of '61 1910 Boston, MA Smith & McCance 57590583 10027627 https://archive.org/details/historycompleter01naso en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Rawley James A. James A. Rawley Turning Points of the Civil War 1989 First published 1966 Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press https://archive.org/details/turningpointsofc0000rawl_z2l8/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater 978-0-585-25563-7 44957745 New Bison Book en PDF 8 August 2022 registration Schouler William William Schouler Annual Report of the Adjutant-General, December 31, 1861 1861 Boston, MA Adjutant General's Office, Commonwealth of Massachusetts https://archive.org/details/annualreportofa1861mass/page/n5/mode/2up en PDF 8 August 2015 registration Schouler William William Schouler A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War E.P. Dutton & Co Boston, MA 1868 190, 310, 316, 337, 387, 508, 536, 619, 649 02014327 2662693 en PDF https://archive.org/details/ahistorymassach01schogoog 8 August 2015 registration Stevens Jesse F Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War Norwood Press Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War in Eight Volumes 2 1931 Norwood, MA 409–491 31027863 11485612 en PDF https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/50883 15 December 2021 U.S. War Department Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. Aug. 1, 1861 – Mar 17, 1862 U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 1885 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies V 427057 2027/coo.31924077730194 16, 19, 295, 299, 311-316, 330, 371 U.S. War Dept., Official Records, Vol. 5 Mink Eric J. https://npsfrsp.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/aop-armament-fredericksburg2.pdf Armament in the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff Mysteries & Conundrums 30 November 2008 Mink, Armament in the Army of the Potomac, (2008), p.41 14 November 2020 Sightline Media Group 2020 Hall of Valor: The Military Medals Database The Hall of Valor Project https://valor.militarytimes.com 19 May 2020 Sightline Media Group 2020 VCOnline 2020 Medal of Honor Recipients The Comprehensive Guide to the Victoria & George Cross http://www.vconline.org.uk/mohs/4589918581.html 2 May 2020 VCOnline 2020 CMOHS Stories of Sacrifice! Congressional Medal of Honor Society 2014 https://www.cmohs.org/recipients 19 August 2014 CMOHS 2014 The National Medal of Honor Museum Foundation Recipient Database The National Medal of Honor Museum 2020 https://mohmuseum.org/recipient-database 19 May 2020 The National Medal of Honor Museum Foundation 2020 Boston Harbor I - Camp Cameron http://www.northamericanforts.com/East/maboston1.html#cam American Forts Network 13 July 2020 Camp Brigham 2020 External links 18th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Website https://web.archive.org/web/20200807123455/https://www.18thmass.com/ 7 August 2020 Touch the Elbow – Blogging the Civil War by researchers of the 18th Massachusetts Category:Military units and formations established in 1861 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864 Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Massachusetts Category:1861 establishments in Massachusetts