1868 Hayward earthquake

1868 earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States May 2025 February 2025 1868 Hayward earthquake yes 1868 Alameda County Courthouse Hayward earthquake damage.png Damage to the Alameda County courthouse with inset showing building before the earthquake USA California California 37.7 -122.1 Bullseye1.png 40 California 38.45 -122.7 Santa Rosa 100 top Green pog.svg California 36.97 -122.02 Santa Cruz 100 bottom Green pog.svg yes 290 right ushis139 1868-10-21 15:53 October 21, 1868 07:53 6.3–6.7 w y 37.7 -122.1 region:US_type:event inline,title Hayward Fault Zone Strike-slip San Francisco Bay Area California United States $350,000 / Moderate 9 30 vertical Hayward earthquake 1868 damaged building 2.jpg PSM V29 D327 Stud mill at haywards cal oct 21 1868.png Damaged building in Hayward (top) and at the Hayward stud mill The 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. It caused significant damage and a number of deaths throughout the region, and was known as the "Great San Francisco earthquake" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. Earthquake The earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on October 21, 1868. Its epicenter was likely located near Hayward, California, and its magnitude has been estimated to have been 6.3–6.7 on the moment magnitude scale. At the surface, ground rupture was traced for 20 miles us, from San Leandro to what is now the Warm Springs District in Fremont.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1868_10_21.php Historic Earthquakes: Hayward, California, 1868 October 21 15:53 UTC United States Geological Survey 1993 2008-10-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20081105233142/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1868_10_21.php 5 November 2008 live Damage The town of Hayward experienced the most damage, with nearly every building destroyed or significantly damaged in the earthquake. The Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro was destroyed, which resulted in the re-location of the County Seat to Oakland, its current site. The adobe chapel of Mission San José in what is now Fremont was also destroyed, as were several buildings in San Jose, San Francisco and throughout Alameda County. Damage was reported from Santa Rosa in the north to Gilroy and Santa Cruz in the south. Thirty deaths were attributed to the earthquake. Intensity The United States Geological Survey estimates that Hayward experienced shaking measuring IX (Violent) on the modified Mercalli scale. San Leandro experienced shaking measuring VIII (Severe), while San Francisco and Oakland experienced shaking measuring VII (Very strong). The 1868 Hayward Earthquake: 139 years and counting... press conference United States Geological Survey, Association of Bay Area Governments, Hayward Area Historical and Society Museum, Vice Mayor-City of Hayward Hayward Area Historical and Society Museum 17 October 2007 http://1868alliance.org/activities/?id=7 15 October 2008 See also List of earthquakes in California List of earthquakes in the United States List of historical earthquakes References The 1868 Hayward Fault, California, Earthquake: Implications for Earthquake Scaling Relations on Partially Creeping Faults http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/105/6/2894.abstract S. E. Hough Susan Hough S. S. Martin 2015 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105 6 2984, 2907 10.1785/0120140372 2015BuSSA.105.2894H subscription Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2148 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set Stover C.W. Coffman J.L. Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised) https://books.google.com/books?id=bY0KAQAAIAAJ U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1527 1993 United States Government Printing Office 73, 104 Further reading The "Report" of the 1868 Haywards earthquake http://www.bssaonline.org/content/76/1/71.abstract M. L. Aldrich B. A. Bolt Bruce Bolt A. E. Leviton P. U. Rodda 1986 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76 1 71–76 10.1785/BSSA0760010071 1986BuSSA..76...71A 2014-07-22 2015-09-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194932/http://www.bssaonline.org/content/76/1/71.abstract dead subscription Modified Mercalli Intensity Maps for the 1868 Hayward Earthquake Plotted in ShakeMap Format https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1121/index.html J. Boatwright H. Bundock Open-File Report 2008-1121 United States Geological Survey External links 1868 Hayward Earthquake Alliance Images from the 1868 earthquake aftermath – The Bancroft Library Photos of damage in San Francisco following the 1868 earthquake – San Francisco Public Library Prepare for big ruptures on Hayward fault, scientists say https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133512/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/96/960711haywfault.html April 2, 2015 – Stanford University The 150th Anniversary of the Damaging 1868 Hayward Earthquake: Why It Matters and How We Can Prepare for Its Repeat – Tom Brocher (USGS) 1868 Hayward earthquake Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area Hayward earthquake Category:History of Hayward, California Category:October 1868 in the United States Category:1868 natural disasters in the United States