1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina

none June 2007 The 1994 amendment to the Constitution of Argentina was approved on 22 August 1994 by a Constitutional Assembly that met in the twin cities of Santa Fe and Paraná. The calling for elections for the Constitutional Convention and the main issues to be decided were agreed in 1993 between President Carlos Menem, and former president and leader of the opposition, Raúl Alfonsín. Constitutional Assembly election 1994 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election On 10 April 1994 the conventional constituent elections were held. The Justicialist Party led by President Menem won the elections with 38.50% of the votes. Radical Civic Union came second with 19.74% votes, while two newly born forces each obtained 13%: the progressive peronist Broad Front, led by Carlos Álvarez, and the rightist Movement for Dignity and Independence, led by the carapintada military man Aldo Rico. Out of a total of 305 constituents, the Justicialist Party obtained 137 representatives, Radical Civic Union 74, Broad Front 31, Movement for Dignity and Independence 21, Union of the Democratic Center 4, Socialist Party 3, Republican Force 7, Progressive Democratic Party 3 and various provincial parties 28. Ratification The Constitutional Reform Convention was chaired by Osvaldo Mercuri of the Justicialist Party.Murió por coronavirus Osvaldo Mércuri, histórico dirigente peronista bonaerense https://www.infobae.com/politica/2021/02/06/murio-por-coronavirus-osvaldo-mercuri-historico-dirigente-peronista-bonaerense/ Infobae 2021-02-06 2021-03-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20210223233209/https://www.infobae.com/politica/2021/02/06/murio-por-coronavirus-osvaldo-mercuri-historico-dirigente-peronista-bonaerense/ 2021-02-23 live On 22 August 1994, after three months of deliberations in the cities of Santa Fe (traditional seat of constitutional conventions) and Paraná, the reform of 43 articles was finally approved in Santa Fe. The deliberations did not end without altercations; for instance, Monsignor Jaime de Nevares resigned his seat, claiming the convention to be "vitiated with absolute nullity". Main points Amongst the most important points of the reform are: Argentina ratifies its legitimate and non-prescribing sovereignty over the Falkland Islands under Temporary Provisions.Constitution http://www.biblioteca.jus.gov.ar/Argentina-Constitution.pdf Argentina Government The international legislation on human rights, and every other international treaty ratified or to be ratified by Argentina, was deemed to hold an equal status to the Constitution as supreme law. The length of the presidential term was shortened from six to four years. The reelection of the president and the vice-president was allowed once consecutively, and the requirement for the president and vice-president to be Roman Catholics was removed. The presidential elections, formerly by the indirect vote of an electoral college, became a direct election, with a modified two-round ballotage system. The terms of senators were also shortened, from nine to six years. It was also established that every district was to elect three senators (up from the previous two) by direct elections (instead of being elected by provincial legislatures). The capital city, Buenos Aires, was given the special status of Autonomous City (Ciudad Autónoma), and its population was given the right to elect a Chief of Government (i.e. Mayor). The doctrine of de facto government was repealed, and it was established that any further attempt at breaking the constitutional order was to be deemed illegal, and severe penalties were to be established for the perpetrators and the right to resist a coup d'état was validated. The office of Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers was established, with the intention of attenuating the strong Presidential character of the Argentine government An independent institution, called the Judiciary Council (es Consejo de la Magistratura), was established with mandate to administer, regulate and control the functioning of the judiciary, to select the candidates for Federal Justices, and to initiate impeachments to depose them. It is composed of members from both houses of the National Congress, officials selected by the President, and representatives from the legal profession, judges and the academics. The issuing of Necessity and Urgency Decrees was regulated. An independent office, that of ombudsman, was created. A presidential candidate is no longer required to be a Roman Catholic. Other specific provisions In order to provide an effective protection to individual rights, the 1994 amendment has introduced actions called: "amparo" (injunctions), "hábeas corpus", and "hábeas data". "Amparo" gives the possibility to any person to request that a judge declare the unconstitutionality of an act or ruling on which an action or omission of public authorities or private individuals is based that, in an actual or imminent manner, causes damage or restrains a right recognized by the Constitution, the law, or an international treaty. This action requires that no other effective judicial means be available. "Hábeas corpus" is an action that can be filled to protect the right of physical freedom when it is threatened, limited, modified, or injured, or in case of illegitimate aggravation of conditions of detention. "Hábeas data" is an action that can be filled by any individual to take notice of any information referred to him, registered in public or private registers, and to request its suppression, rectification, confidentiality, or updating. Another innovation introduced by the 1994 amendment is the right of citizens to introduce bills before the House of Deputies that must be considered by Congress within the next twelve months. A further innovative provision is the recognition of the right of every inhabitant to a healthy environment in article 41 that establishes that all inhabitants are entitled to the right to a healthy and balanced environment fit for human development in order that productive activities shall meet present needs without endangering those of future generations; and shall have the duty to preserve it. As a first priority, environmental damage shall bring about the obligation to repair it according to law. The authorities shall provide for the protection of this right, the rational use of natural resources, the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage and of the biological diversity, and shall also provide for environmental information and education. The Federal Government shall regulate the minimum protection standard, and the provinces those necessary to reinforce them, without altering their local jurisdictions. The entry into the national territory of present or potential dangerous wastes, and of radioactive ones, is forbidden. Additionally, there are precise provisions referring to protection of consumers rights, defense of competition, control of natural or legal monopolies, and of public services' quality and efficiency.From the fuller article; see this article's talk page. Members of the Constitutional Assembly Among the convention members who defended the Pact of Olivos were the Peronists Augusto Alasino, Carlos Corach and Antonio Cafiero, and the Radicals Enrique Paixao, Jesús Rodríguez, César Jaroslavsky and Elisa Carrió.http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1720805-la-constitucion-de-1994-una-reforma-que-cambio-la-politica La Nación La Constitución de 1994: una reforma que cambió la política The 1994 Constitution: a reform that changed politics 22 August 2014 Martín Dinatale 1 May 2026 2 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302031543/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/1720805-la-constitucion-de-1994-una-reforma-que-cambio-la-politica dead The following are the people elected as convention members who formed part of the Constituent Convention that carried out the Argentine constitutional reform of 1994:https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/convenciones/inicio/Institucional Reforma Constitucional de 1994 - CONVENCIONALES 1994 Constitutional Reform - Convention members Honorable Senate of the Argentine Nation Surname and given names District PartyAbraham, Olga CatalinaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyAchem, AntonioSan JuanRenewal CrusadeAcuña, Augusto CésarCatamarcaCivic and Social FrontAguad, Oscar RaúlCórdobaRadical Civic UnionAguilar Torres, Luis MaríaSanta CruzRadical Civic UnionAguirre, MauroMendozaMovement for Dignity and IndependenceAlasino, Augusto José MaríaEntre RíosJusticialist PartyAlbamonte, Alberto GustavoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyAlegre, Miguel IgnacioCorrientesRadical Civic UnionAlfonsín, Raúl RicardoBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionAlsogaray, Álvaro CarlosFederal CapitalUnion of the Democratic CentreÁlvarez, CarlosFederal CapitalBroad FrontAmena, Jorge DanielTierra del FuegoRadical Civic UnionAncarani, Hilda NormaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyAndrade Muñoz, César G.Tierra del FuegoPopular Fuegian MovementAraoz, Julio CésarCórdobaJusticialist PartyArellano, María CristinaSanta CruzRadical Civic UnionArias, Joaquín IgnacioBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyArmagnague, Juan FernandoMendozaRadical Civic UnionArnold, Eduardo ArielSanta CruzJusticialist PartyAuyero, Carlos Alberto CamiloBuenos AiresBroad FrontAvelín de Ginestar, Nancy BarbaritaSan JuanRenewal CrusadeAzcueta, María CristinaBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionBabbini, BibianaFormosaRadical Civic UnionBaldoni, Hugo DomingoEntre RíosJusticialist PartyBalestrini, Alberto EdgardoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyBarberena, Juan AtilioBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyBarcesat, Eduardo SalvadorFederal CapitalBroad FrontBarra, Rodolfo CarlosBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyBarreiro de Roulet, Elba Pilar Buenos Aires Radical Civic UnionBassani, Ángel MarceloBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionBattagion, Richard GustavoMendozaDemocratBaum, DanielNeuquénJusticialist PartyBava, Pablo Juan ÁngelBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceBello, Claudia ElenaFederal CapitalJusticialist PartyBenzi, María C. de Los ÁngelesSanta FeJusticialist PartyBercoff, María GracielaCórdobaRadical Civic UnionBerhongaray, Antonio TomásLa PampaRadical Civic UnionBertolino, Enrique AntonioSantiago del EsteroJusticialist PartyBiazzi, Ricardo RobertoMisionesJusticialist PartyBogado, Floro EleuterioFormosaJusticialist PartyBonacina, Mario HéctorSantiago del EsteroRadical Civic UnionBorini, Rodolfo EduardoEntre RíosMovement for Dignity and IndependenceBosio, Néstor MarioLa PampaJusticialist PartyBrassesco, María InésBuenos AiresBroad FrontBravo, AlfredoFederal CapitalSocialist UnityBravo, LeopoldoSan JuanBloquistBritos, Oraldo NorvelSan LuisJusticialist PartyBrollo, Federico GuillermoNeuquénNeuquén People's MovementBrusca, Vicente MarioFederal CapitalJusticialist PartyBucco, Jorge LuisCórdobaJusticialist PartyBulacio, Rafael AlbertoTucumánRepublican ForceBussi, Antonio DomingoTucumánRepublican ForceBusti, Jorge PedroEntre RíosJusticialist PartyCaballero Martín, CarlosSanta FeProgressive DemocratCáceres, Luis AlbertoSanta FeRadical Civic UnionCafiero, Antonio FranciscoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyCafiero, Juan PabloBuenos AiresBroad FrontCappelleri, PascualBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionCarattoli, Héctor JorgeBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionCardesa, Enrique GustavoBuenos AiresBroad FrontCardinale, Pablo AntonioSanta FeProgressive DemocratCarrettoni, Jorge CarlosBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionCarrio, Elisa María AvelinaChacoRadical Civic UnionCasari de Alarcia, María L.CórdobaJusticialist PartyCasco, María del CarmenBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyCastillo Odena, Tomás E. R.CorrientesLiberal Autonomist PactCavagna Martínez, Mariano A.Buenos AiresJusticialist PartyCiaurro, AntonioSanta FeJusticialist PartyColombo, María Teresita del V.CatamarcaCivic and Social FrontConesa Monez Ruiz, Horacio E.JujuyRepublican ForceCorach, CarlosFederal CapitalJusticialist PartyCornet, Roberto JulioCórdobaUnion of the Democratic CentreCourel, Carlos AlbertoTucumánRadical Civic UnionCullen, Iván José MaríaSanta FeUnion of the Democratic CentreDaher, Zulema BeatrizSaltaJusticialist PartyDalesio de Viola, AdelinaFederal CapitalJusticialist PartyDe Bernardi, EduardoChubutJusticialist PartyDe Jesús, JuanBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyDe la Rúa, Jorge EnriqueCórdobaRadical Civic UnionDe Nevares, Jaime FranciscoNeuquénBroad FrontDe Sanctis, Guillermo HoracioSan JuanFront of HopeDe Vedia, EnriqueBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionDel Castelli, MarioMisionesRadical Civic UnionDel Bono, Jorge AlejandroSan JuanFront of HopeDel Bono, Tulio AbelSan JuanJusticialist PartyDel Campo, Carlos AlbertoCórdobaMovement for Dignity and IndependenceDel Castillo, Fernando RaúlBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceDelich, Francisco JoséCórdobaRadical Civic UnionDentice, Enrique SalvadorBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceDi Landro, Oscar JorgeBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyDi Tulio, Héctor HoracioSanta CruzRadical Civic UnionDíaz, Rodolfo AlejandroMendozaJusticialist PartyDíaz Araujo, Edgardo AlbertoMendozaJusticialist PartyDíaz Giménez, Héctor AntonioCatamarcaJusticialist PartyDíaz Lozano, Julio CésarTucumánJusticialist PartyDressino, Ana MaríaCórdobaRadical Civic UnionDubini, Isidro RamónEntre RíosBroad FrontDuhalde, Eduardo AlbertoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyEl Bacha, LeticiaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyElordi, María de Las MercedesEntre RíosMovement for Dignity and IndependenceEscobar, Jorge AlbertoSan JuanFront of HopeEscudero, José C.Federal CapitalBroad FrontEspindola, Zulma CelinaFormosaJusticialist PartyEstabillo, José ArturoTierra del FuegoPopular Fuegian MovementEstévez Boero, Guillermo E.Santa FeSocialist UnityEtchenique, Roberto AlejandroBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceFabio, José DomingoMisionesJusticialist PartyFalbo, María del CarmenBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyFalco, Domingo JulioSan LuisJusticialist PartyFarías, María SusanaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyFeijoo Do Campo, María del C.Buenos AiresJusticialist PartyFelicevich, Sara LíaChubutRadical Civic UnionFernández de Kirchner, CristinaSanta CruzJusticialist PartyFernández Meijide, GracielaFederal CapitalBroad FrontFerreyra de Las Casas, IgnacioChubutRadical Civic UnionFicoseco, José CarlosJujuyJusticialist PartyFigueroa, María CristinaSaltaRadical Civic UnionFonzalida, Nicolás LázaroLa RiojaJusticialist PartyFrontera, RodolfoSanta FeMovement for Dignity and IndependenceGalarza, EdithNeuquénBroad FrontGarcía, Daniel OscarBuenos AiresBroad FrontGarcía, Francisco SixtoChacoRadical Civic UnionGarcía Lema, Alberto M.Buenos AiresJusticialist PartyGarcía Vda de Barroso, Ida G.San LuisJusticialist PartyGiacosa, Luis RodolfoSaltaJusticialist PartyGiordano, Evaristo JoséSanta FeJusticialist PartyGómez de Marelli, Nilda MabelMisionesRadical Civic UnionGonzález, Elsa GladisChacoJusticialist PartyGonzález, Rafael AlfredoChacoJusticialist PartyGorleri, Horacio CarlosFormosaJusticialist PartyGuerrero, Antonio IsaacTucumánJusticialist PartyGuinle, Marcelo AlejandroChubutJusticialist PartyGuz de Equiza, Elba RosaBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionGuzmán, María CristinaJujuyJujuy Popular MovementGuzmán, Ricardo GasparCatamarcaCivic and Social FrontHarvey, Ricardo J. G.CorrientesLiberal Autonomist PactHernández, Antonio MaríaCórdobaRadical Civic UnionHernández, Santiago AntonioRío NegroRadical Civic UnionHernández, Simón FermínCatamarcaCivic and Social FrontHerrera, Humberto AntonioSantiago del EsteroJusticialist PartyHitters, Juan CarlosBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyHoncheruk, AtlantoChacoJusticialist PartyHumada, Julio CésarMisionesJusticialist PartyIbarra, AníbalFederal CapitalBroad FrontInsfran, GildoFormosaJusticialist PartyIriarte, LuisTucumánRepublican ForceIribarne, Alberto J. B.Federal CapitalJusticialist PartyIrigoyen, Roberto OsvaldoBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionIturraspe, Juan BernardoSanta FeJusticialist PartyJándula, Jorge EduardoSaltaMovement for Dignity and IndependenceJaroslavsky, CésarFederal CapitalRadical Civic UnionJuañuk, Emilia ItatíMisionesJusticialist PartyKammerath, Germán LuisCórdobaUnion of the Democratic CentreKent, María del PilarCatamarcaJusticialist PartyKesselman, Pedro J.Federal CapitalBroad FrontKirchner, Néstor CarlosSanta CruzJusticialist PartyLa Porta, Norberto L.Federal CapitalSocialist UnityLa Rosa, Carlos SalvadorMendozaJusticialist PartyLarreguy, Carlos AlbertoRío NegroJusticialist PartyLeiva, Rina MarthaBuenos AiresBroad FrontLipszyc, Cecilia NormaFederal CapitalBroad FrontLlamosas, Esteban MiguelCórdobaJusticialist PartyLlano, Gabriel JoaquínMendozaDemocratLlaver, Santiago FelipeMendozaRadical Civic UnionLludgar, Rosa EmiliaSantiago del EsteroRadical Civic UnionLópez de Zavalía, Fernando J.TucumánRepublican ForceLorenzo, Carlos AlbertoSanta FeRadical Civic UnionLucero, María ZunildaSan LuisRadical Civic UnionLuna, Julio AlbertoLa RiojaRadical Civic UnionMaeder, Ernesto JoaquínChacoChaco ActionMaestro, CarlosChubutRadical Civic UnionManfredotti, CarlosTierra del FuegoJusticialist PartyMaqueda, Juan CarlosCórdobaJusticialist PartyMarcolini, Nora MaríaChubutRadical Civic UnionMarcone, Hugo Dante O.JujuyRepublican ForceMarín, Claudio Miguel ÁngelMisionesRadical Civic UnionMarín, Rubén HugoLa PampaJusticialist PartyMárquez, Pablo AntonioMendozaJusticialist PartyMartínez, EstebanTierra del FuegoJusticialist PartyMartínez, María de Las MercedesFormosaJusticialist PartyMartínez Llano, José RodolfoCorrientesJusticialist PartyMartínez Sameck, Pablo E.Buenos AiresBroad FrontMartino de Rubeo, Marta N.Santa FeJusticialist PartyMarucco, Hebe AuroraBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyMasnatta, HéctorBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyMassaccesi, HoracioRío NegroRadical Civic UnionMatilla, JoséLa PampaJusticialist PartyMay Zubiría, DiegoFederal CapitalBroad FrontMayans, María SusanaJujuyJusticialist PartyMaza, Norma BeatrizSantiago del EsteroJusticialist PartyMazzeo, Iris ArtemisiaBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceMeana García, María NellyRío NegroRadical Civic UnionMelo de la Barba Susana BeatrizEntre RíosRadical Civic UnionMéndez, María T.Tierra del FuegoJusticialist PartyMenem, EduardoLa RiojaJusticialist PartyMercado Luna, Ricardo GastónLa RiojaRadical Civic UnionMerlo, Mario RaúlSan LuisJusticialist PartyMestre, Ramón BautistaCórdobaRadical Civic UnionMíguez Bonino, JoséFederal CapitalBroad FrontMiranda, Julio AntonioTucumánJusticialist PartyMoine, Mario ArmandoEntre RíosJusticialist PartyMolina, Pedro EustacioSanta CruzJusticialist PartyMontes de Oca, Luis G.Buenos AiresBroad FrontMoreno, Ricardo María DiegoCatamarcaJusticialist PartyMuruzabal, Hilario RaúlBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceMusalem, AlfredoSaltaJusticialist PartyNatale, Alberto AdolfoSanta FeProgressive DemocratNavarro, Argentino MiguelMisionesMovement for Dignity and IndependenceNuñez, José LuisBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceOliveira, AliciaFederal CapitalBroad FrontOlmedo, Mario AntonioFormosaRadical Civic UnionOlsina, María LujánMendozaJusticialist PartyOrsi, René SaúlBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyOrtega, Ramón BautistaTucumánJusticialist PartyOrtemberg, Raquel ElisaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyOrtiz, Jorge OscarLa PampaMovement for Dignity and IndependenceOrtiz Pellegrini, Miguel ÁngelCórdobaRadical Civic UnionPaixao, EnriqueBuenos AiresRadical Civic UnionPando, Ana MaríaCorrientesLiberal Autonomist PactPardo, Ángel FranciscoCorrientesJusticialist PartyParente, Rodolfo MiguelEntre RíosRadical Civic UnionPéculo, AlfredoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyPedersoli, Juan MarioBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyPeltier, Teresa Camila Mendoza DemocratPeña, Daniel Alberto Federal Capital Justicialist PartyPerette, Pedro Entre Ríos Radical Civic UnionPettigiani, Eduardo Julio Buenos Aires Justicialist PartyPicinato, José Alejandro Santiago del Estero Radical Civic UnionPiccinini, Alberto José Santa Fe Broad FrontPierri, Alberto Reinaldo Buenos Aires Justicialist PartyPitte de Landa, María A. Tucumán Republican ForcePizzurno, Ana María Buenos Aires Broad FrontPonce de León, Rodolfo O. J. Río Negro Justicialist PartyPontussi, Ennio Pedro Salta RenewalPose, Guillermo Alfredo Mendoza DemocratPrieto, Hugo Nelson Neuquén Radical Civic UnionPuchmuller, Alberto Francisco San Luis Radical Civic UnionPuerta, Federico Ramón Misiones Justicialist PartyPuiggros, Adriana Victoria Federal Capital Broad FrontQuiroga Lavie, Humberto Buenos Aires Radical Civic UnionRaijer, Beatriz IrmaCórdoba Justicialist PartyRampi, Pascual Ángel Buenos Aires Justicialist PartyRébora, Luis Armando Córdoba Broad FrontRegazzoli, Zelmira Mireya La Pampa Justicialist PartyRepetto, Víctor Roberto Santa Fe Movement for Dignity and IndependenceReutemann, Carlos Alberto Santa Fe Justicialist PartyRevidatti, Gustavo A. Corrientes Liberal Autonomist PactRico, Aldo Buenos Aires Movement for Dignity and IndependenceRobles, Miguel ÁngelSanta Fe Justicialist PartyRocamora, Alberto Luis Buenos Aires Justicialist PartyRocha de Feldman, Dora Chubut Justicialist PartyRodríguez, Jesús Federal Capital Radical Civic UnionRodríguez de Tappata, Anahí Silvia Río Negro Justicialist PartyRodríguez Saa, Adolfo San Luis Justicialist PartyRodríguez Sañudo, Hugo B. Santa Fe Justicialist PartyRomero, Juan Carlos Salta Justicialist PartyRomero, Nilda Buenos Aires Radical Civic UnionRomero Feris, José A. Corrientes Liberal Autonomist PactRoque, Blanca Lelya Córdoba Radical Civic UnionRosatti, Horacio Daniel Santa Fe Justicialist PartyRovagnati, Dina Beatriz Buenos Aires Movement for Dignity and IndependenceRubio de Mingorance, Elena Tierra del Fuego Popular Fuegian MovementRufeil, José Tanus Córdoba Justicialist PartyRusso, Federico Pedro Buenos Aires Justicialist PartySachs de Repetto, Dora H. N. Federal Capital Radical Civic UnionSalazar, Evangelina Tucumán Justicialist PartySalazar, Víctor Hugo Federal Capital Radical Civic UnionSalcedo, Carmen Inés Buenos Aires Justicialist PartySalinas, Isabel MartaLa RiojaJusticialist PartySalum, Humberto ElíasJujuyRadical Civic UnionSánchez de De María, Susana B.La PampaRadical Civic UnionSánchez García, María V.Buenos AiresBroad FrontSantander, Mario ArmandoLa RiojaJusticialist PartySapag, Luz MaríaNeuquénNeuquén People's MovementSaravia Toledo, FernandoSaltaRenewalSchiavoni, Domingo JoséSantiago del EsteroJusticialist PartySchiavoni, Ester AídaNeuquénJusticialist PartySchiuma, Stela MarisBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceSchroder, JuanBuenos AiresBroad FrontSequeiros, Néstor AdriánBuenos AiresMovement for Dignity and IndependenceSerra, José MaríaSanta FeBroad FrontSerrat, Teresita BeatrizEntre RíosJusticialist PartyServini García, Clara C.Buenos AiresJusticialist PartySkidelski, Carlos RubénChacoJusticialist PartySolanas, Fernando "Pino"Buenos AiresBroad FrontSpina, Carlos GuidoSanta FeRadical Civic UnionStephan, SergioJujuyJujuy Popular MovementTizon, Héctor EduardoJujuyRadical Civic UnionTorres Molina, RamónBuenos AiresBroad FrontValdés, Eduardo FélixFederal CapitalJusticialist PartyVallejos, María CristinaBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyVarese, Luis SegundoSan JuanRenewal CrusadeVásquez, Alejandro JorgeFederal CapitalMovement for Dignity and IndependenceVega de Terrones, Ana MaríaSaltaRenewalVelarde, Marta SylviaSantiago del EsteroJusticialist PartyVerani, PabloRío NegroRadical Civic UnionViudes, Isabel JosefaCorrientesJusticialist PartyViviant, Alfredo RamónBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyViyerio, Eduardo AlfredoChacoRadical Civic UnionWest, Mariano FedericoBuenos AiresJusticialist PartyWinter, Jorge EnriqueChacoChaco ActionYoma, Jorge RaúlLa RiojaJusticialist PartyZaffaroni, Eugenio R.Federal CapitalBroad FrontZavalía, José LuisSantiago del EsteroRadical Civic Union Controversy over the partial unconstitutionality of the reform Various objections have been raised to the 1994 constitutional reform. The most institutionally significant is the declaration of partial nullity of the Constitution, issued in the cases of Supreme Court members Carlos Fayt (1999) and Elena Highton de Nolasco (2017), resolved by the Supreme Court in the first case, and in the second by a court of first instance in a final ruling, due to the lack of appeal by the State.https://www.infobae.com/opinion/2017/02/10/de-fayt-a-highton-de-nolasco-reformas-constitucionales-y-cargos-vitalicios/ Infobae 10 February 2017 De Fayt a Highton de Nolasco: reformas constitucionales y cargos vitalicios From Fayt to Highton de Nolasco: constitutional reforms and lifetime positions Andrés Gil Domínguez In both cases, the Judiciary held that the constitutional reform establishing the age limit for judges at 75 years (art. 99, subsection 4) was unconstitutional and absolutely null, because Law No. 24,309, which declared the need for reform, did not authorize the modification of the lifetime tenure of judges.https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1976197.pdf Daniel Sabsay El control de constitucionalidad de la reforma constitucional en un fallo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia argentina Judicial review of constitutional reform in a ruling of the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice Justicia Constitucional Buenos Aires 3 1999 1138-4824The "Fayt" and "Highton de Nolasco" cases opened the possibility that other provisions of the Constitution could be declared unconstitutional by judges.Another line of objections to the constitutional reform focused on the alleged unconstitutionality of Article 2 of Law No. 24,309, which declared the need for reform, where the Core of Basic Agreements was established, due to the requirement that it had to be approved or rejected as a whole, without the constituent convention members being able to modify its content. This challenge had two notable expressions, with objections presented by convention members José Antonio Romero Feris (conservative) and Héctor Polino (socialist). References External links Argentine Republic: 1994 Constitution https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Argentina/argen94_e.html en English translation from the Political Database of the Americas Category:Presidency of Carlos Menem Category:Constitutions of Argentina Argentina Amendment Of The Argentine Constitution, 1994 Amendment Of The Argentine Constitution, 1994 Amendment Of The Argentine Constitution, 1994