1980 United States presidential election

Election of Ronald Reagan related races 1980 United States elections January 2025 November 2013 1980 United States presidential election United States presidential no 1976 United States presidential election 1976 November 4, 1980 1984 United States presidential election 1984 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral Nationwide opinion polling for the 1980 United States presidential election 54.2%http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present United States Election Project CQ Press February 21, 2023 July 25, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present live 0.9 pp x150px Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981-cropped.jpg Ronald Reagan Republican Party (United States) California George H. W. Bush 489 44 43,899,248 43,899,248 86,509,678 1 yes Jimmy Carter presidential portrait (cropped 1).jpg Jimmy Carter Democratic Party (United States) Georgia Walter Mondale 49 6 + DC 35,481,436 35,481,436 86,509,678 1 yes File: John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg John B. Anderson IndependentIn some states labelled as National Unity, Anderson Coalition, Anderson Alternative or "Anderson for President". He was also the nominee of the Liberal Party of New York. Illinois Patrick Lucey 0 0 5,719,850 5,719,850 86,509,678 1 yes 350px Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and blue denotes those won by Carter/Mondale. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. President Jimmy Carter Democratic Party (United States) Ronald Reagan Republican Party (United States) Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 4, 1980. The Republican ticket of former California governor Ronald Reagan and former director of central intelligence George H. W. Bush defeated the Democratic ticket of incumbent president Jimmy Carter and vice president Walter Mondale, and the Independent ticket of Congressman John B. Anderson and former ambassador to Mexico Patrick Lucey in a landslide. Because of the rise of conservatism after Reagan's victory, many historians consider the election a political realignment. Carter's unpopularity, his poor relations with Democratic leaders, and the poor economic conditions under his administration encouraged an unsuccessful intra-party challenge from Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy. Meanwhile, the Republican primaries were contested between Reagan, former Central Intelligence Agency director George H. W. Bush, Illinois representative John B. Anderson, and several other candidates. All of Reagan's opponents had dropped out by the end of the primaries, and the Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Reagan and Bush. Anderson entered the general election as an independent candidate with former Wisconsin governor Patrick Lucey as his running mate. Reagan campaigned for increased defense spending, supply-side economic policies, and a balanced budget. His campaign was aided by Democratic dissatisfaction with Carter, the Iran hostage crisis, and a worsening economy marred by stagflation. Carter attacked Reagan as a dangerous right-wing extremist, and warned that Reagan would cut Medicare and Social Security. The Carter campaign was aided early on by the rally 'round the flag effect from the hostage crisis; as the crisis lasted to election day, it became a detriment.Callaghan Karen J. Virtanen Simo August 1993 Revised Models of the "Rally Phenomenon": The Case of the Carter Presidency https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999 The Journal of Politics en 55 3 756–764 10.2307/2131999 2131999 0022-3816 December 6, 2023 January 2, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240102122002/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999 live subscription Reagan won the election in a landslide with 489 Electoral College votes to Carter's 49, and 50.7% of the popular vote to Carter's 41.0%. Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote and no electoral votes. The 1980 election was also the first U.S. presidential election in which women’s voter turnout rate surpassed men’s, with women voting at a slightly higher rate than men. This was the second consecutive election in which an incumbent president was defeated and the first election since 1888 in which an incumbent Democratic president was defeated. Background Foreign policy of the Carter administration thumb|197x197px|Jimmy Carter, the incumbent president in 1980, whose term expired at noon on January 20, 1981 Throughout the 1970s, the United States underwent a wrenching period of stagflation (low economic growth, high inflation, and interest rates), and intermittent energy crises.How We Got Here: The '70s Frum David David Frum 2000 Basic Books New York, New York 0-465-04195-7 292 https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292 By October 1978, Iran—a major oil supplier to the United States at the time—was experiencing a major uprising that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil.Oil Squeeze http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html Time 1979-02-05 December 18, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20080307085655/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html 7 March 2008 dead In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country, Iranian opposition figure Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ended his 14-year exile in France and returned to Iran to establish an Islamic Republic, largely hostile to American interests and influence in the country. In the spring and summer of 1979, inflation was on the rise and various parts of the United States were experiencing energy shortages.http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm Inflation-proofing ConsumerReports.org 2010-02-11 December 18, 2013 March 28, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100328194412/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm live Carter was widely blamed for the return of the long gas lines in the summer of 1979 that were last seen just after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. He planned on delivering his fifth major speech on energy, but he felt that the American people were no longer listening. Carter left for the presidential retreat of Camp David. "For more than a week, a veil of secrecy enveloped the proceedings. Dozens of prominent Democratic Party leaders—members of Congress, governors, labor leaders, academics and clergy—were summoned to the mountaintop retreat to confer with the beleaguered president." His pollster, Pat Caddell, told him that the American people simply faced a crisis of confidence because of the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.; the Vietnam War; and Watergate.https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/ PBS American Experience Jimmy Carter September 17, 2017 October 19, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131019101602/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/ dead On July 15, 1979, Carter gave a nationally televised address in which he identified what he believed to be a "crisis of confidence" among the American people. This came to be known as his "Malaise speech", although Carter never used the word in the speech.http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402 "Crisis of Confidence" Speech (July 15, 1979) Miller Center, University of Virginia text and video dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090721024329/http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402 July 21, 2009 mdy-all October 20, 2016 Many expected Senator Ted Kennedy to successfully challenge Carter in the upcoming Democratic primary. Kennedy's official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television interview with Roger Mudd of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive"http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/ Chapter 4: Sailing Into the Wind: Losing a quest for the top, finding a new freedom Allis, Sam The Boston Globe 2009-02-18 March 10, 2009 March 3, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174031/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/ live answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading Carter by 58–25 in August now had him ahead 49–39.Time Magazine, 11/12/79 Kennedy was also politically scarred by the 1969 Chappaquiddick incident;https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party How Ted Kennedy's '80 Challenge To President Carter 'Broke The Democratic Party' NPR January 17, 2019 October 26, 2023 March 14, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240314233440/https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party live the controversy had been a major reason for Kennedy's decision to not run for president in 1972 and 1976.https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne "The Kennedy Machine Buried What Really Happened": Revisiting Chappaquiddick, 50 Years Later Josh Sanburn Vanity Fair July 17, 2019 October 26, 2023 February 22, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230222094911/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne live Meanwhile, Carter was given an opportunity for political redemption when the Khomeini regime again gained public attention and allowed the taking of 52 American hostages by a group of Islamist students and militants at the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979. Carter's calm approach towards the handling of this crisis resulted in his approval ratings jump in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally round the flag" effect.174181 Foreign Policy and Presidential Popularity: Creating Windows of Opportunity in the Perpetual Election Robin F. Marra Charles W. Ostrom Dennis M. Simon 1 January 1990 The Journal of Conflict Resolution 34 4 588–623 10.1177/0022002790034004002 154620443 By the beginning of the election campaign, the prolonged Iran hostage crisis had sharpened public perceptions of a national crisis.http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml CBS News | Reagan's Lucky Day CBS News 17 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20021016003953/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml 16 October 2002 dead On April 25, 1980, Carter's ability to use the hostage crisis to regain public acceptance eroded when his high risk attempt to rescue the hostages ended in disaster when eight servicemen were killed. The unsuccessful rescue attempt drew further skepticism towards his leadership skills.http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf 2022-10-09 live Chapter 3 : The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission Press.umich.edu 2016-08-18 Following the failed rescue attempt, Carter took overwhelming blame for the Iran hostage crisis, in which the followers of the Ayatollah Khomeini burned American flags and chanted anti-American slogans, paraded the captured American hostages in public, and burned Carter in effigy. Carter's critics saw him as an inept leader who had failed to solve the worsening economic problems at home. His supporters defended the president as a decent, well-intentioned man being unfairly criticized for problems that had been escalating for years.A historic victory. A changed nation. Now, can Obama deliver? Jerry Lanson Christian Science Monitor November 6, 2008 https://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html November 5, 2008 May 1, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090501071734/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html live When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in late 1979, Carter seized international leadership in rallying opposition. He cut off American grain sales, which hurt Soviet consumers and annoyed American farmers. In terms of prestige, the Soviets were deeply hurt by the large-scale boycott of their 1980 Summer Olympics. Furthermore, Carter began secret support of the rebel forces in Afghanistan that successfully tied down the Soviet army for a decade. The effect was to end détente and reopen the Cold War.Gaddis Smith, Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years (1986) pp 224–228.Odd Arne Westad, ed. "The Fall of Détente." in Soviet-American Relations during the Carter Years (Scandinavian University Press, 1997). Nominations Republican Party 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries 65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)1980 Republican Party ticket white Ronald Reagan white George H. W. Bushfor Presidentfor Vice President center|200x200px center|197x197px33rdGovernor of California(1967–1975)11thDirector of Central Intelligence(1976–1977)Campaigncenter|200x200px Other major candidates The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, were listed in publicly published national polls, or had held a public office. Reagan received 7,709,793 votes in the primaries. Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination raceGeorge H. W. BushJohn B. AndersonPhil CraneBob Dolecenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|126x126pxFormer Director ofCentral Intelligence(1976–1977)Representative fromIllinois's 16th district(1961–1981)Representative fromIllinois's 12th district(1973–1993)Senator from Kansas(1969–1996)center|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxCampaignCampaignCampaignCampaignSC suspended campaign: May 26, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: June 14, 19803,070,033 votesDI declared independent campaign: April 24, 19801,572,174 votesW withdrew: April 17, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: April 17, 198097,793 votesW withdrew: March 15, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: March 30, 19807,204 votesJohn ConnallyHoward BakerLarry PresslerLowell P. Weicker Jr.center|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxFormer Secretary ofthe Treasury from Texas(1971–1972)Senator from Tennessee(1967–1985)Senator from South Dakota(1979–1997)Senator from Connecticut(1971–1989)center|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxCampaignCampaignCampaignCampaignW withdrew: March 9, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: March 25, 198082,625 votesW withdrew: March 5, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: April 20, 1980181,153 votesW withdrew: January 8, 1980ER endorsed Reagan: March 21, 19800 votesW withdrew: May 16, 19790 votes Former governor Ronald Reagan of California was the odds-on favorite to win his party's nomination for president after nearly beating incumbent president Gerald Ford just four years earlier. Reagan dominated the primaries early, driving from the field Senate minority leader Howard Baker from Tennessee, former governor John Connally of Texas, Senator Robert Dole from Kansas, Representative Phil Crane from Illinois, and Representative John Anderson from Illinois, who dropped out of the race to run as an Independent. George H. W. Bush from Texas posed the strongest challenge to Reagan with his victories in the Pennsylvania and Michigan primaries, but it was not enough to turn the tide. Reagan won the nomination on the first round at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan, in July, then chose Bush (his top rival) as his running mate. Reagan, Bush, and Dole were the Republican nominees in the next four elections (Reagan in 1984, Bush in 1988 and 1992, and Dole in 1996). Democratic Party 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries 65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)1980 Democratic Party ticket white Jimmy Carter white Walter Mondalefor Presidentfor Vice President center|200x200px center|200x200px 39thPresident of the United States(1977–1981) 42ndVice President of the United States(1977–1981)Campaigncenter|200x200px Other major candidates The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks, were listed in published national polls, or had held public office. Carter received 10,043,016 votes in the primaries. Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination raceTed KennedyJerry Browncenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxU.S. Senatorfrom Massachusetts(1962–2009)Governorof California(1975–1983)center|120x120pxcenter|80x80pxCampaignCampaignW withdrew: August 11, 19807,381,693 votesW withdrew: April 2, 1980575,296 votes The three major Democratic candidates were incumbent president Jimmy Carter, Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, and Governor Jerry Brown of California. Brown withdrew on April 2. Carter and Kennedy faced off in 34 primaries. Not counting the 1968 election in which Lyndon Johnson withdrew his candidacy, this was the most tumultuous primary race an elected incumbent president had encountered since William Howard Taft in 1912. During the summer of 1980, there was a short-lived "Draft Muskie" movement; Secretary of State Edmund Muskie was seen as a favorable alternative to a deadlocked convention. One poll showed that Muskie would be a more popular alternative to Carter than Kennedy, implying that the attraction was not so much to Kennedy as to nominating someone other than Carter. Muskie was polling even with Reagan at the time, while Carter was seven points behind.Robbins, James S. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/ Clinton Campaign Reminiscent of 1980 Race CBS News 2008-05-13 2016-08-18 June 5, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230605020402/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/ live Although the underground "Draft Muskie" campaign failed, it became a political legend.http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html Steenland: Odd man out? Star Tribune 17 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20080226161048/http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html 26 February 2008 dead After defeating Kennedy in 24 of 34 primaries, Carter entered the party's convention in New York in August with 60% of the delegates pledged to him on the first ballot. Still, Kennedy did not drop out. At the convention, after a last-ditch attempt by Kennedy to alter the rules to free delegates from their first-ballot pledges, Carter was renominated with 2,129 votes to Kennedy's 1,146. Vice President Walter Mondale was also renominated. In his acceptance speech, Carter warned that Reagan's conservatism posed a threat to world peace and progressive social welfare programs from the New Deal to the Great Society.William DeGregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Gramercy 1997 Other candidates 1980 Independent ticket1980 Libertarian ticketblack John B. Andersonblack Patrick Luceyblack Ed Clarkblack David Kochfor Presidentfor Vice Presidentfor Presidentfor Vice Presidentcenter|frameless|200x200pxcenter|frameless|190x190pxcenter|frameless|200x200pxcenter|frameless|200x200pxU.S. Representative from Illinois(1961–1981)Former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico(1977–1979)Former Chair of theLibertarian Party of California(1973–1974)Co-owner of Koch, Inc.Campaign Campaign framelessframeless John B. Anderson was defeated in the Republican primaries, but entered the general election as an independent. He campaigned as a liberal Republican alternative to Reagan. Anderson's campaign appealed primarily to frustrated anti-Carter voters with Republican or Democratic allegiances.http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=/politics/war_room/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook The myths that just won't die - History - Salon.com Kornacki Steve 2011-04-06 Salon.com https://web.archive.org/web/20110406213710/http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=%2Fpolitics%2Fwar_room%2F2011%2F04%2F04%2Fthird_party_myth_easterbrook April 6, 2011 dead 2017-02-07 mdy-all Anderson's running mate was Patrick Lucey, a Democratic former governor of Wisconsin and then ambassador to Mexico, appointed by President Carter. The Libertarian Party nominated Ed Clark for president and David Koch for vice president. They were on the ballot in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. The Libertarian Party platform was the only one that contained a plank advocating for the equal rights of homosexual men and women, as well as the only one to advocate "amnesty" for all illegal non-citizens.Political Party Platforms presidency.ucsb.edu 2008-04-16 http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php https://web.archive.org/web/20080523221423/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php 2008-05-23 dead 1980 Libertarian Party Platform - Victimless Crimes lpedia.org 2016-05-12 http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182240/http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes 2016-11-19 dead The Citizens Party ran biologist Barry Commoner for president and Comanche Native American activist LaDonna Harris for vice president. The Commoner–Harris ticket was on the ballot in 29 statesApril 2024 and Washington, D.C.Elections A-Z https://books.google.com/books?id=uVVcAgAAQBAJ&q=commoner+harris+ticket&pg=PA73 Routledge 2013-12-16 9781135938703 John Moore General election Polling aggregation The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from July 1979 to November 1980. thumb|800px|center| 18em #e81b23 solid 5px Ronald Reagan #3333ff solid 5px Jimmy Carter #ffd700 solid 5px John B. Anderson Polling Nationwide opinion polling for the 1980 United States presidential election Poll source Date(s)administered RonaldReagan (R) JimmyCarter (D) JohnAnderson (I) Other Undecided Margin Election Results Nov. 4, 198050.75% 41.01% 6.61% 1.63% - 9.74 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964 Reagan Leading In Final Poll The Pantagraph May 28, 2024 September 21, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111242/https://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964 live Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 46% 43% 7% 1% 3% 3 CBS-New York TimesJune 2024 Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 44% 43% 8% - 5% 1 ABC-HarrisJune 2024 Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 45% 40% 10% 1% 4% 5 Newsweek-Gallup October 29–30, 1980 44% 43% 7% 1% 5% 4 Washington Posthttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036 Polls Say It's Going Down To The Wire The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230900/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036 live October 26–27, 1980 43% 39% 7% - 11% 4 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873 Reagan, Carter In Tight Fight Florida Today May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190454/https://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873 live October 22–25, 1980 45% 42% 10% - 3% 3 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769 This Poll Puts Jimmy, Ron In Dead Heat The Olympian May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230859/https://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769 live October 17–20, 1980 40% 41% 10% - 9% 1 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448 Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson The Buffalo News May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190456/https://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448 live October 14–16, 1980 42% 39% 12% - 7% 3 Gallup October 10–12, 1980 45% 42% 8% - 5% 3 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422 Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson Tarrytown Daily News May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190457/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422 live October 3–6, 1980 43% 39% 14% - 4% 4 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 Carter Loses Ground In Poll The Times Herald May 28, 2024 September 21, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 live September 22, 1980 42% 36% 19% - 3% 6 48% 46% - - 6% 2 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 Reagan Holds Narrow Lead; Anderson Dips The Knoxville News-Sentinel May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 live September 12–15, 1980 41% 37% 15% - 7% 4 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 Carter Nixes 3-Way Campaign Debates Philadelphia Daily News September 3–7, 1980 41% 37% 17% - 5% 4 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 Latest Test Still Shows Reagan And Carter In Close Contention The Indianapolis Star May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 live August 15–18, 1980 38% 39% 13% - 10% 1 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588 AFL-CIO Balks On Carter Support The News Journal May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528182446/https://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588 live August 14–18, 1980 42% 36% 17% - 5% 6 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997 Reagan And Carter Run Neck And Neck In Gallup The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213126/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997 live https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713 Carter And Reagan In Dead Heat, According To Gallup Poll The Des Moines Register May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213124/https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713 live August 15–17, 1980 39% 38% 14% 1% 8% 1 40% 46% - - 14% 6 August 11–14: Democratic National Convention ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592 Latest Figures: Reagan 48%, Carter 28%, Anderson 19% The Plain Dealer May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528180701/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592 live August 5–6, 1980 48% 28% 19% - 5% 20 57% 36% - - 7% 21 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142 Gallup Poll: Carter Falters But Still Leads Teddy The Daily News May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142 live August 1–3, 1980 45% 31%With Walter Mondale 14% - 10% 14 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493 Poll: Reagan Leads Carter By 28 Percent Reno Gazette-Journal May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173232/https://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493 live https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563 Poll Shows Carter Third The Boston Globe May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173233/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563 live July 18–21, 1980 49% 23% 25% - 3% 24 61% 33% - - 6% 28 July 14–17: Republican National Convention Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023 Reagan-Bush Ticket Leads Dems Pittsburgh Post-Gazette May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125320/https://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023 live July 11–13, 1980 43%With George Bush 34%With Walter Mondale 16% - 7% 9 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273 Gallup Poll Has Reagan Maintaining Lead Over Carter Rapid City Journal May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527123305/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273 live https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924 Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips Danville Register and Bee May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527210848/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924 live July 11–14, 1980 37% 34% 21% - 8% 3 Gallup June 27–30, 1980 37% 32% 22% - 9% 5 47% 41% - - 12% 6 Gallup June 13–16, 1980 33% 35% 24% - 8% 2 45% 42% - - 13% 3 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/ Three New National Polls Show Reagan Well Ahead The Atlanta Constitution May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170506/https://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/ live June 5–9, 1980 39% 34% 24% - 3% 5 51% 44% - - 5% 7 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/612964907 Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter The Salt Lake Tribune May 30 – Jun. 2, 1980 32% 39% 21% - 8% 7 39% 50% - - 11% 11 Gallup May 16–18, 1980 32% 40% 21% - 7% 8 41% 49% - - 10% 8 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061 Carter Outpolls Reagan 49% to 41% In Survey Los Angeles Times May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034257/https://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061 live May 2–5, 1980 33% 38% 21% - 7% 5 40% 47% - - 13% 7 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357 Anderson Starts To Look Like A Possible Winner Detroit Free Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170502/https://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357 live April 26–30, 1980 39% 33% 23% - 5% 6 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960 Anderson Strongest Among Younger Voters The Boston Globe May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034256/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960 live April 26–27, 1980 35% 40% 19% - 6% 5 43% 47% - - 10% 4 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/1046603486 Reagan Leads Carter Journal and Courier April 25, 1980 42% 33% 19% - 6% 9 Gallup April 11–13, 1980 34% 41% 18% 1% 6% 7 44% 49% - 1% 6% 5 ABC-Harris April 8, 1980 38% 38% 22% - 1% Tied 48% 45% - - 7% 3 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795 Carter's Lead Over Reagan Slipping; Anderson Strong The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527031401/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795 live March 28–30, 1980 34% 39% 21% 1% 5% 5 43% 48% - 2% 7% 5 ABC-Harris March 26–30, 1980 47% 50% - - 3% 3 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/255523976 Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives Press and Sun-Bulletin March 13–15, 1980 40% 55% - - 5% 15 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/143606587 Republicans And Independents Pick Ford As Favorite Candidate Asbury Park Press March 5–8, 1980 40% 58% - - 2% 18 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462 Reagan Invites Connally Workers To Join His Effort Des Moines Tribune May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527025716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462 live Feb. 29 – Mar. 2, 1980 34% 57% - 3% 6% 23 ABC-Harris Jan. 31 – Feb. 4, 1980 32% 64% - - 4% 32 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780 Carter Leads 3 GOP Contenders, But Ted Trails The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527022626/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780 live February 1–3, 1980 32% 59% - 3% 6% 27 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946 Carter Holds Lead Among Candidates Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528153250/https://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946 live January 22, 1980 31% 65% - - 4% 34 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058 Carter Consolidates Lead Over GOP The Tampa Tribune May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527021000/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058 live January 4–6, 1980 32% 63% - 1% 4% 31 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507 Carter Takes Big Lead Over Reagan In Presidential Race Poll Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528150513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507 live December 14–16, 1979 36% 59% - - 5% 23 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858 Carter Pushes Ahead As Kennedy Falters In Ford-Reagan Tests The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527012759/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858 live December 7–9, 1979 36% 60% - 1% 3% 24 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/335317843 Carter Continues Lead Over GOP The Tampa Tribune November 16–19, 1979 41% 53% - 1% 5% 12 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110 Reagan Takes Big Lead In GOP Race Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528145709/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110 live November 7–10, 1979 42% 53% - - 5% 11 Gallup October 12–15, 1979 42% 48% - 3% 7% 6 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078 Reagan's Standing Suffers Sharp Drop In Presidential Poll Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143942/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078 live Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 1979 45% 52% - - 3% 7 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800 President, Reagan In Dead Heat The Miami Herald May 28, 2024 May 27, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240527002240/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800 live September 7–10, 1979 46% 47% - 2% 5% 1 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454 Reagan Keeps Lead Over Carter In Presidential Choice Poll Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143247/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454 live September 1–5, 1979 50% 45% - - 5% 5 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118 Carter Gaining Ground Rapid City Journal May 28, 2024 May 26, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240526235326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118 live August 3–6, 1979 42% 47% - 4% 7% 5 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602 Carter Trailing Reagan, Baker The Minneapolis Star May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528141602/https://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602 live July 28–29, 1979 51% 44% - - 5% 7 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108 Poll Shows Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP's Top 4 The Shreveport Journal May 28, 2024 May 26, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240526233436/https://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108 live July 13–15, 1979 52% 42% - 2% 4% 10 GallupMay 2024 June 22–25, 1979 49% 45% - 1% 5% 4 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304 Reagan Leads Carter 51-43% The Times May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053152/https://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304 live June, 1979 51% 43% - - 6% 8 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428 Reagan Cuts Deeper Into Carter's Lead The Minneapolis Star May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053150/https://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428 live May, 1979 45% 47% - - 8% 2 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/209258899 Reagan Trails Carter, Kennedy Lansing State Journal March, 1979 46% 49% - - 5% 3 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995 Carter Leads, Edge Narrows Danville Register and Bee May 28, 2024 May 26, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240526165855/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995 live March 23–26, 1979 38% 52% - 3% 7% 14 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489 Carter Routs Reagan In Election Poll Asbury Park Press May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528040712/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489 live December 21–26, 1978 38% 55% - - 7% 17 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432 Jimmy Carter Leading Ford And Reagan Danville Register and Bee May 28, 2024 May 26, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240526160621/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432 live December 8–11, 1978 35% 57% - 2% 5% 22 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922 Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP Rapid City Journal May 28, 2024 May 26, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240526154211/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922 live July 7–10, 1978 43% 52% - 1% 4% 9 ABC-Harrishttps://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948 Ford Leads Carter For 1980, Poll Says The Kansas City Times May 28, 2024 May 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240528043441/https://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948 live May 14–20,Date is approximate 1978 47% 46% - - 7% 1 Galluphttps://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281 President Would Beat Ford, Reagan The Tampa Tribune May 28, 2024 May 25, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240525183252/https://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281 live Mar. 31 – Apr. 3, 1978 46% 50% - 1% 3% 4 Campaign Reagan gained in former Democratic strongholds such as the South and white ethnics dubbed "Reagan Democrats",Julio Borquez, "Partisan Appraisals of Party Defectors: Looking Back at the Reagan Democrats." American Review of Politics 26 (2005): 323-346 online https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111231/https://journals.shareok.org/arp/article/view/368/345 September 21, 2024 . and exuded upbeat optimism.The Strategy of Campaigning Skinner Kudelia Mesquita Rice University of Michigan Press 2007 https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC October 20, 2008 978-0-472-11627-0 September 21, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC live David Frum says Carter ran an attack-based campaign based on "despair and pessimism" which "cost him the election."How We Got Here: The '70s Frum David David Frum 2000 Basic Books New York, New York 0-465-04195-7 161 https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/161 Carter emphasized his record as a peacemaker, and said Reagan's election would threaten civil rights and social programs that stretched back to the New Deal. Reagan's platform also emphasized the importance of peace, as well as a prepared self-defense. Immediately after the conclusion of the primaries, a Gallup poll held that Reagan was ahead, with 58% of voters upset by Carter's handling of the presidency. One analysis of the election has suggested that "Both Carter and Reagan were perceived negatively by a majority of the electorate."Wayne, Stephen J. (1984). The Road to the White House (2nd ed.), p. 210. New York: St. Martin's Press. 0-312-68526-2. While the three leading candidates (Reagan, Anderson and Carter) were religious Christians, Carter had the most support of evangelical Christians according to a Gallup poll. However, in the end, Jerry Falwell's Moral Majority lobbying group is credited with giving Reagan two-thirds of the white evangelical vote.When worlds collide: politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham Crusade http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110517015119/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html usurped May 17, 2011 Journal of Church and State March 22, 1997 HighBeam Research subscription August 18, 2007 According to Carter: "that autumn [1980] a group headed by Jerry Falwell purchased $10 million in commercials on southern radio and TV to brand me as a traitor to the South and no longer a Christian."469 Carter Jimmy White House Diary 2010 Farrar, Straus and Giroux New York, NY Some Christians expressed skepticism of Reagan's background as a twice-married former Hollywood actor with a liberal abortion record and support for no-fault divorce as governor of California.Williams Daniel K. Reagan's Religious Right: The Unlikely Alliance between Southern Evangelicals and a California Conservative 2008 The election of 1980 was a key turning point in American politics. It signaled the new electoral power of the suburbs and the Sun Belt. Reagan's success as a conservative would initiate a realigning of the parties, as Rockefeller-style Republicans and conservative Democrats would either leave politics or change party affiliations through the 1980s and 1990s to leave the parties much more ideologically polarized. While during Barry Goldwater's 1964 campaign, many voters saw his warnings about a too-powerful government as hyperbolic and only 30% of the electorate agreed that government was too powerful, by 1980 a majority of Americans believed that government held too much power.How We Got Here: The '70s Frum David David Frum 2000 Basic Books New York, New York 0-465-04195-7 283 https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/283 Promises Reagan promised a restoration of the nation's military strength, at the same time 60% of Americans polled felt defense spending was too low.How We Got Here: The '70s Frum David David Frum 2000 Basic Books New York, New York 0-465-04195-7 344 https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/344 Reagan also promised an end to "trust me government" and to restore economic health by implementing a supply-side economic policy. Reagan promised a balanced budget within three years (which he said would be "the beginning of the end of inflation"), accompanied by a 30% reduction in tax rates over those same years. With respect to the economy, Reagan famously said, "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." Reagan also criticized the "windfall profit tax" that Carter and Congress enacted that year in regards to domestic oil production and promised to attempt to repeal it as president.Thorndike Joseph J. Historical Perspective: The Windfall Profit Tax -- Career of a Concept TaxHistory.org November 10, 2005 http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b November 6, 2008 November 26, 2005 https://web.archive.org/web/20051126011759/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b live The tax was not a tax on profits, but on the difference between the price control-mandated price and the market price.http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy January 12, 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120211074013/http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf February 11, 2012, CRS Report RL33305, "The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy," by Salvatore Lazzari, p. 5. On the issue of women's rights there was much division, with many feminists frustrated with Carter, the only major-party candidate who supported the Equal Rights Amendment. After a bitter Convention fight between Republican feminists and antifeminists the Republican Party dropped their forty-year endorsement of the ERA.Melich Tanya http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive O'Connor's Tenure Began One Hot Summer Women's eNews July 18, 2005 May 28, 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090817044630/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive August 17, 2009 mdy-all Reagan, however, announced his dedication to women's rights and his intention to, if elected, appoint women to his cabinet and the first female justice to the Supreme Court.Presidential Leadership James Taranto Leonard Leo Wall Street Journal Books 2004 https://archive.org/details/presidentiallead00tara registration October 20, 2008 978-0-7432-7226-1 He also pledged to work with all 50 state governors to combat discrimination against women and to equalize federal laws as an alternative to the ERA. Reagan was convinced to give an endorsement of women's rights in his nomination acceptance speech. Carter was criticized by his own aides for not having a "grand plan" for the recovery of the economy, nor did he ever make any campaign promises; he often criticized Reagan's economic recovery plan, but did not create one of his own in response. Events thumb|Ronald Reagan campaigning with his wife Nancy and Senator Strom Thurmond in Columbia, South Carolina, October 10, 1980 thumb|right|Ronald Reagan campaigning in Florida In August, after the Republican National Convention, Ronald Reagan gave a campaign speech at the annual Neshoba County Fair on the outskirts of Philadelphia, Mississippi, where three civil rights workers were murdered in 1964. He was the first presidential candidate ever to campaign at the fair.Kornacki, Steve (February 3, 2011) The "Southern Strategy," fulfilled https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html April 13, 2011, Salon.com Reagan famously announced, "Programs like education and others should be turned back to the states and local communities with the tax sources to fund them. I believe in states' rights. I believe in people doing as much as they can at the community level and the private level." Reagan also stated, "I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the Constitution to that federal establishment." He went on to promise to "restore to states and local governments the power that properly belongs to them."Douglas E. Kneeland Reagan Campaigns at Mississippi Fair; Nominee Tells Crowd of 10,000 He Is Backing States' Rights https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html The New York Times August 4, 1980 A11 July 23, 2018 July 9, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180709065418/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html live President Carter criticized Reagan for injecting "hate and racism" by the "rebirth of code words like 'states' rights'".RpHZdreWz3E 'The Made-for-TV Election with Martin Sheen' clip 14 thumb|right|Ronald Reagan shaking hands with supporters at a campaign stop in Indiana Two days later, Reagan appeared at the Urban League convention in New York, where he said, "I am committed to the protection and enforcement of the civil rights of black Americans. This commitment is interwoven into every phase of the plans I will propose." He then said that he would develop "enterprise zones" to help with urban renewal. The media's main criticism of Reagan centered on his gaffes. When Carter kicked off his general election campaign in Tuscumbia, Reagan—referring to the Southern U.S. as a whole—claimed that Carter had begun his campaign in the birthplace of the Ku Klux Klan. In doing so, Reagan seemed to insinuate that the KKK represented the South, which caused many Southern governors to denounce Reagan's remarks.White House Diary, by Jimmy Carter, pp 461–462. Additionally, Reagan was widely ridiculed by Democrats for saying that trees caused pollution; he later said that he meant only certain types of pollution and his remarks had been misquoted.Here We Go Again! Andrew Bridges CBS News March 17, 2003 http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20031003195921/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml dead October 3, 2003 October 20, 2008 Meanwhile, Carter was burdened by a continued weak economy and the Iran hostage crisis. Inflation, high interest rates, and unemployment continued through the course of the campaign, and the ongoing hostage crisis in Iran became, according to David Frum in How We Got Here: The '70s, a symbol of American impotence during the Carter years. John Anderson's independent candidacy, aimed at eliciting support from liberals, especially former supporters of Ted Kennedy, was also seen as hurting Carter more than Reagan, especially in reliably Democratic states such as Massachusetts and New York. Presidential debates 1980 United States presidential debates + Debates among candidates for the 1980 U.S. presidential electionNo.DateHostLocationPanelistsModeratorParticipantsViewership(millions)P1Sunday, September 21, 1980Baltimore Convention CenterBaltimore, MarylandCarol LoomisDaniel GreenbergCharles CorddryLee MayJane Bryant QuinnSoma GoldenBill MoyersFormer Governor Ronald ReaganCongressman John Andersonn/aP1aTuesday, October 28, 1980Public AuditoriumCleveland, OhioMarvin StoneHarry EllisWilliam HilliardBarbara WaltersHoward K. SmithFormer Governor Ronald ReaganPresident Jimmy Carter80.6https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates CPD: 1980 Debates www.debates.org 2019-01-08 January 8, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145500/https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates live 210px right _8YxFc_1b_0 Reagan-Carter presidential debate, October 28, 1980 The League of Women Voters, which had sponsored the 1976 Ford/Carter debate series, announced that it would do so again for the next cycle in the spring of 1979. Carter steadfastly refused to participate in a debate if Anderson was included, and Reagan refused to debate without him. A League-sponsored debate was held on September 21, 1980, in the Baltimore Convention Center. Of Carter's refusal to debate, Reagan said: "He [Carter] knows that he couldn't win a debate even if it were held in the Rose Garden before an audience of Administration officials with the questions being asked by Jody Powell".Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America Shirley Craig Craig Shirley 2009 ISI Books Wilmington, Delaware 978-1-933859-55-2 478 Anderson, who many thought would handily dispatch Reagan, managed only a narrow win, according to many in the media at that time, with Reagan putting up a much stronger performance than expected. Despite the narrow win in the debate, Anderson, who had been as high as 20% in some polls, and at the time of the debate was over 10%, dropped to about 5% soon after. Anderson failed to substantively engage Reagan enough on their social issue differences and on Reagan's advocation of supply-side economics. Instead, Anderson started off by criticizing Carter: "Governor Reagan is not responsible for what has happened over the last four years, nor am I. The man who should be here tonight to respond to those charges chose not to attend," to which Reagan added: "It's a shame now that there are only two of us here debating, because the two that are here are in more agreement than disagreement."Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America Shirley Craig Craig Shirley 2009 ISI Books Wilmington, Delaware 978-1-933859-55-2 479 In one moment in the debate, Reagan commented on a rumor that Anderson had invited Senator Ted Kennedy to be his running mate by asking the candidate directly, "John, would you really prefer Teddy Kennedy to me?"http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/ Fred Barnes on Conversations with Bill Kristol Conversationswithbillkristol.org 2016-08-18 October 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161020162346/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/ live As September turned into October, the situation remained essentially the same. Reagan insisted Anderson be allowed to participate in a three-way debate, while Carter remained steadfastly opposed to this. As the standoff continued, the second debate was canceled, as was the vice presidential debate. thumb|President Carter (left) and former Governor Reagan (right) at the presidential debate on October 28, 1980 With two weeks to go to the election, the Reagan campaign decided at that point that the best thing to do was to accede to all of President Carter's demands. The final debate, featuring only Carter and Reagan, was rescheduled for October 28 in Cleveland, Ohio. The showdown ranked among the highest ratings of any television program in the previous decade. Debate topics included the Iranian hostage crisis and nuclear arms. Carter's campaign sought to portray Reagan as a reckless "war hawk", as well as a "dangerous right-wing radical". But it was President Carter's reference to his consultation with 12-year-old daughter Amy concerning nuclear weapons policy that became the focus of post-debate analysis and fodder for late-night television jokes. President Carter said he had asked Amy what the most important issue in that election was and she said, "the control of nuclear arms." A famous political cartoon, published the day after Reagan's landslide victory, showed Amy Carter sitting in Jimmy's lap with her shoulders shrugged asking "the economy? the hostage crisis?"July 2023 When President Carter criticized Reagan's record, which included voting against Medicare and Social Security benefits, former Governor Reagan audibly sighed and replied: "There you go again".The Second 1980 Presidential Debate PBS https://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html October 20, 2008 September 22, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080922233925/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html dead In his closing remarks, Reagan asked viewers: "Are you better off now than you were four years ago? Is it easier for you to go and buy things in the stores than it was four years ago? Is there more or less unemployment in the country than there was four years ago? Is America as respected throughout the world as it was? Do you feel that our security is as safe, that we're as strong as we were four years ago? And if you answer all of those questions 'yes', why then, I think your choice is very obvious as to whom you will vote for. If you don't agree, if you don't think that this course that we've been on for the last four years is what you would like to see us follow for the next four, then I could suggest another choice that you have".https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate 1980 Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter Presidential Debate Ronald Reagan August 6, 2023 July 22, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230722040804/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate live After trailing Carter by eight points among registered voters (and by three points among likely voters) right before their debate, Reagan moved into a three-point lead among likely voters immediately afterward.http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx Late Upsets Are Rare, but Have Happened Saad Lydia October 27, 2008 2016-08-25 August 26, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160826040529/http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx live Endorsements In September 1980, former Watergate scandal prosecutor Leon Jaworski accepted a position as honorary chairman of Democrats for Reagan. Five months earlier, Jaworski had harshly criticized Reagan as an "extremist"; he said after accepting the chairmanship, "I would rather have a competent extremist than an incompetent moderate." Former Democratic Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota (who in 1968 had challenged Lyndon B. Johnson from the left, causing the then-President to all but abdicate) endorsed Reagan.MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour (December 12, 2005). Online NewsHour: "Remembering Sen. Eugene McCarthy" https://web.archive.org/web/20060218074245/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/july-dec05/mccarthy_12-12.html February 18, 2006 . December 12, 2005. PBS. Three days before the election, the National Rifle Association of America endorsed a presidential candidate for the first time in its history, backing Reagan.Matthew Lacombe Trump is at the NRA today. It didn't used to be a Republican ally. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/ The Washington Post 9 May 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20190426125637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/ April 26, 2019 English April 26, 2019 live Reagan had received the California Rifle and Pistol Association's Outstanding Public Service Award. Carter had appointed Abner J. Mikva, a fervent proponent of gun control, to a federal judgeship and had supported the Alaska Lands Bill, closing 40000000 acre km2 to hunting.Facts on File 1980 Yearbook, p.844 General election endorsements background:#cff List of John B. Anderson endorsements border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; Anderson had received endorsements from: Former officeholders Former Representative (Arizona's 2nd congressional district) and Interior Secretary Stewart Udall (D-AZ)Meissner Steve July 19, 1980 Stewart Udall calls Carter weak, endorses Anderson 2 Arizona Daily Star https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615223513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 live Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders Massachusetts Middlesex County Sheriff John J. Buckley (R-MA)July 18, 1980 Some Bay State GOP uneasy over G. Bush 3 North Adams Transcript https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154221/https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 live Former Massachusetts State Representative Francis W. Hatch Jr. (R-MA)Taylor Benjamin June 12, 1980 Hatch breaks ranks, backs Anderson 7 The Boston Globe https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 live Former Massachusetts Republican Party chairman Josiah Spaulding (R-MA)March 27, 1983 Josiah Spaulding Dies at 60; Massachusetts G.O.P. Leader 40 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html live Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators Band The CarsPolitics and Hollywood The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/03/09/politics-and-hollywood/586384d1-c5ef-45d5-a794-6005cd2705bd/ 8 March 1980 Actor Stockard Channing Band Cheap Trick Screenwriter Norman Lear Actress Dina Merrill Actor Paul Newman Actor Cliff Robertson Band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Actress Joanne Woodward Newspapers The Hutchinson News in Hutchinson, KansasOctober 10, 1980 Independent presidential candidate John Anderson will receive editorial endorsement United Press International https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/10/Independent-presidential-candidate-John-Anderson-will-receive-editorial-endorsement/4782339998400/ June 15, 2022 The Burlington Free Press in Burlington, VTOctober 26, 1980 Anderson Offers Intelligent Solutions to Problems 10 The Burlington Free Press https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1 June 15, 2022 August 17, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220817191531/https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1 live background:#cff List of Jimmy Carter endorsements border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; Carter had received endorsements from: Newspapers The Des Moines Register in Des Moines, IowaOctober 3, 2016 25 photos: Register presidential endorsements (1912-2012) https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/ June 15, 2022 The Des Moines Register September 21, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111233/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/ live The Penn State Daily Collegian in State College, PennsylvaniaNovember 4, 1980 Election '80 Endorsements 2 The Daily Collegian https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/ June 15, 2022 August 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220816170801/https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/ live background:#cff List of Barry Commoner endorsements border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; Commoner had received endorsements from: Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators Montgomery County precinct committeeman and Consumer Party Auditor General candidate Darcy Richardson (D-PA)Gemma Peter B. August 5, 2016 An Interview with Darcy Richardson, Reform Party Presidential Candidate. http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/ June 15, 2022 Independent Political Report June 25, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220625061421/http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/ live background:#cff List of Clifton DeBerry endorsements border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; DeBerry had received endorsements from: Celebrities, political activists and political commentators American People's Historical Society director Bernie Sanders of VermontNovember 12, 1990 Socialist Vows to Be Capitol Outsider 9 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615202836/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html live background:#cff List of Ronald Reagan endorsements border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; Reagan had received endorsements from: United States Senate Arizona Senator Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)DeConcini Dennis https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini Senator Dennis DeConcini: From the Center of the Aisle August Jack L. Jr. University of Arizona Press 2006 9780816525690 83 I viewed his leadership and administration with no small amount of frustration and concern, and in 1980 I crossed party lines and voted for Ronald Reagan for president. March 18, 2023 August 21, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230821002234/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini live Virginia Senator Harry Byrd Jr. (D-VA)Frankel Glenn October 15, 1980 Sen. Harry Byrd Endorses Reagan https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/ June 16, 2022 The Washington Post August 28, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170828154009/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/ live New York Senator Jacob Javits (R-NY)https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/24/why-carter-is-wooing-javits/65ddb1ee-9589-4639-8e9c-bacd5fca1973/ Why Carter Is Wooing Javits The Washington Post September 24, 1980 Maryland Senator Charles Mathias (R-MD)https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/ Mac Mathias Agonistes The Washington Post September 14, 1980 April 6, 2024 August 28, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155646/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/ live Former Massachusetts Senator Edward Brooke (R-MA)https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/26/archives/reagan-preparing-for-debate.html Reagan Preparing for Debate The New York Times October 26, 1980 Former Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy (D-MN) United States House of Representatives Representative (California's 12th congressional district) Pete McCloskey (R-CA)https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/26/mccloskey-buries-the-hatchet-by-endorsing-reagan/65911bc2-4c8a-41d0-aa87-628ff78f72c0/ McCloskey Buries the Hatchet by Endorsing Reagan The Washington Post September 26, 1980 Former Representative (California's 26th congressional district) James Roosevelt (D-CA; son of Franklin Delano Roosevelt)1980-10-27 FDR son gives Reagan backing 27 Lodi News-Sentinel UPI https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616161104/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en live Governors and State Constitutional officers Former Georgia Governor Lester Maddox (D-GA)Daniel Leon October 24, 1980 Nobody Listens To Maddox Anymore, Who Relishes Chance To Rap Carter 5 Sarasota Herald-Tribune https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194211/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en live Former Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson (D-AL)August 29, 1980 GOP leaders, Demo ex-governor back Selden 6 Birmingham Post-Herald https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194700/https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 live Former Texas Governor Preston Smith (D-TX)October 28, 1980 Last Minute Blitz 4 Abilene Reporter-News https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 live Former Mississippi Governor John Bell Williams (D-MS)November 3, 1980 Republicans turnout to hear Reagan 9 Sun Herald https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615195445/https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 live Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders Florida Fort Lauderdale City Advisory Board member Jim Naugle (D-FL)Norman Bob October 26, 2000 Politically Incorrect http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015339/http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763 January 21, 2016 New Times Broward-Palm Beach New York Former New York State Senator Jeremiah B. Bloom (D-NY)August 5, 1980 Bloom Agrees to Head Democrats for Reagan 16 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615224715/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html live Celebrities, political activists and political commentators Former UCLA men's basketball head coach John WoodenDavis Seth 2009-08-24 Checking in on John Wooden http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090827193402/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html 2009-08-27 2022-06-16 Sports Illustrated Retired United States Navy Admiral Elmo Zumwalt (D-VA)Boodman Sandra G. October 13, 1980 Zumwalt Dismays Va. Democrats With Z-Grams for Reagan https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/ June 16, 2022 The Washington Post August 28, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/ live Newspaper endorsements The Arizona Republic in Phoenix, ArizonaSeptember 27, 2016 Coming Tuesday: Who will The Arizona Republic endorse? https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/ June 15, 2022 The Arizona Republic August 17, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220817015459/https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/ live The Desert Sun in Palm Springs, California2016-09-30 Through the years: Desert Sun presidential endorsements https://eu.desertsun.com/picture-gallery/news/2016/09/29/through-the-years-desert-sun-presidential-endorsements/91300646/ 2022-06-16 Desert Sun The Omaha World-Herald in Omaha, NebraskaWorld-Herald editorial October 16, 2019 Editorial: Hillary Clinton is prudent pick for president Omaha World-Herald https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html June 15, 2022 April 29, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220429035513/https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html live The Quad-City Times in Davenport, IowaOctober 25, 2008 A history of Times presidential endorsements https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html June 15, 2022 Quad-City Times June 15, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615201141/https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html live The Record in Stockton, California2016-10-08 Record Endorsements, President: Clinton best for country http://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country 2022-06-16 Recordnet July 30, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210730192617/https://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country live The Repository in Canton, OhioBrown Gary October 11, 2016 Repository presidential endorsements through history https://eu.cantonrep.com/story/news/politics/elections/presidential/2016/10/11/repository-presidential-endorsements-through-history/24839102007/ June 16, 2022 The Repository The Plain Dealer in Cleveland, OhioOctober 20, 2012 Plain Dealer presidential endorsements: Every pick we made since 1936 https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html June 16, 2022 Plain Dealer May 25, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210525083938/https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html live The Blade in Toledo, OhioNovember 3, 1980 Ronald Reagan got most of the new newspaper endorsements,... https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/ June 16, 2022 UPI October 12, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161012102135/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/ live Houston Chronicle in Houston, TexasDunham Richard October 19, 2008 A half-century of Chronicle endorsements: 11 R, 2 D https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/ 2022-06-16 Texas on the Potomac en-US June 8, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210608114603/https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/ live Richmond Times-Dispatch in Richmond, VirginiaSeptember 1, 2016 A brief history of Richmond Times-Dispatch presidential endorsements https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html June 16, 2022 Richmond Times-Dispatch May 27, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080225/https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html live Results The election was held on November 4, 1980.https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en Voters the choice is yours 4 November 1980 St. Petersburg Times January 16, 2014 September 20, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150920171304/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en live Ronald Reagan and running mate George H. W. Bush defeated the Carter-Mondale ticket by almost 10 percentage points in the popular vote. The electoral college vote was a landslide, with 489 votes (representing 44 states) for Reagan and 49 for Carter (representing six states and Washington, D.C.). Republicans also gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1954.https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en Reagan in a landslide 5 November 1980 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette January 16, 2014 September 20, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150920151642/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en live NBC News projected Reagan as the winner at 8:15 pm EST (5:15 PST), before voting was finished in the West, based on exit polls; it was the first time a broadcast network used exit polling to project a winner, and it took the other broadcast networks by surprise. Carter conceded defeat at 9:50 pm EST.Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 865Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 838 Some of Carter's advisors urged him to wait until 11:00 pm EST to allow poll results from the West Coast to come in, but Carter decided to concede earlier in order to avoid the impression that he was sulking. Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill angrily accused Carter of weakening the party's performance in the Senate elections by doing this.Farris Scott http://archive.org/details/almostpresidentm0000farr Almost president : the men who lost the race but changed the nation 2012 Lyons Press Internet Archive 978-0-7627-6378-8 Guilford, CN 7 John Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote but no states.https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html Let the most popular candidate win Anderson John B. 2007-09-28 Christian Science Monitor 2017-09-01 0882-7729 September 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170902053638/https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html live He had the most support in New England, fueled by liberal and moderate Republicans who felt Reagan was too far to the right, and with voters who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the Carter administration's policies. His best showing was in Massachusetts, where he won 15% of the vote. Anderson performed worst in the South, receiving under 2% of the vote in South Carolina, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. He said he was accused of spoiling the election by receiving votes that might have otherwise been cast for Carter, but 37% of Anderson voters polled preferred Reagan as their second choice.Kornacki Steve 2011-04-04 The myths that just won't die http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/ 2017-08-01 Salon August 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170801123934/http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/ live Libertarian Party nominee Ed Clark received 921,299 popular votes (1.06%). Carter's loss was the worst performance by an incumbent president since Herbert Hoover lost to Franklin Roosevelt by a margin of 18% in 1932, and his 49 Electoral College votes were the fewest won by an incumbent since William Howard Taft won eight in 1912. Carter was the first incumbent Democrat to serve only one full term since James Buchanan, and the last until Joe Biden. This was the third and most recent presidential election in which the incumbent Democrat lost reelection, after 1840 and 1888. This was the first time since 1840 that an incumbent Democrat lost the popular vote. Reagan had the most lopsided Electoral College victory for a first-time president-elect, with the exception of George Washington's unanimous victory in 1788.2020-09-30 The 10 biggest landslides in presidential election history https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/ 2021-02-09 List Wire en-US January 20, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210120165619/https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/ live This election was the last time a Republican won the presidency without winning Georgia. It was the first time Massachusetts voted for a Republican candidate since 1956. Carter did not win any states won by Gerald Ford in 1976. This election and the 1976 election are one of only two pairs of consecutive elections in which the incumbent president was defeated, the other being the 1888 and 1892 elections. This is the first time since 1896 that a party was voted out after a single four-year term. This did not occur again for either party until 2020, and for the Democrats until 2024. This election began an ongoing pattern in which Rust Belt states Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin voted for the same presidential candidate, with the sole exception of 1988.https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/politics/blue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis/index.html Why these three states are the most consistent tipping point in American politics CNN Brownstein Ronald September 16, 2024 September 16, 2024 Reagan won 53% of the vote in reliably Democratic South Boston, one example of the so-called Reagan Democrat. Survey research and post-election polling indicated that the landslide result had been more a repudiation of Carter than an embrace of Reagan. But the public was aware that Reagan would move the nation in a more conservative direction, and was apparently willing to give it a chance to avoid four more years of Carter.Brauer Carl M. Presidential Transitions: Eisenhower Through Reagan 1986 Oxford University Press New York 0195040511 220 At age 69, Reagan was the oldest non-incumbent to win a presidential election. Thirty-six years later, in 2016, Donald Trump surpassed this record at age 70,Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan Peter Josh https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/ USA Today November 9, 2020 November 7, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201107182039/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/ live as did Joe Biden in 2020 at age 77,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html Biden Is the Oldest President to Take the Oath (Published 2021) The New York Times January 18, 2021 August 6, 2023 December 28, 2021 https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html live and Trump again in 2024 at age 78. Results Ronald Reagan Republican California 43,903,230 50.75% 489 George H. W. Bush Texas Jimmy Carter (incumbent) Democratic Georgia 35,481,115 41.01% 49 Walter Mondale (incumbent) Minnesota John B. Anderson Independent Illinois 5,719,850 6.61% 0 Patrick Lucey Wisconsin Ed Clark Libertarian California 921,128 1.06% 0 David Koch Kansas Barry Commoner Citizens Missouri 233,052 0.27% 0 LaDonna Harris Oklahoma Gus Hall Communist New York  44,933 0.05% 0 Angela Davis California  John Rarick American Independent Louisiana  40,906 0.05% 0 Eileen Shearer California  Clifton DeBerry Socialist Workers California  38,738 0.04% 0 Matilde Zimmermann New York  Ellen McCormack Right to Life New York  32,320 0.04% 0 Carroll Driscoll New Jersey  Maureen Smith Peace and Freedom California  18,116 0.02% 0 Elizabeth Cervantes Barron California  77,290 0.09% 86,509,678 538 270 Source (popular vote): 1980 August 7, 2005 Source (electoral vote): 1980 August 7, 2005 Popular vote 600px 410px Reagan Republican Party (US) 50.75 Carter Democratic Party (US) 41.01 Anderson Independent 6.61 Clark Libertarian Party (US) 1.06 Commoner Citizens Party (United States) 0.27 Others #777777 0.30 Electoral vote 600px 410px Reagan Republican Party (US) 90.89 Carter Democratic Party (US) 9.11 650px|thumb|left Results by state Source:http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0 1980 Presidential General Election Data - National Uselectionatlas.org March 18, 2013 October 29, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201029153844/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0 live + Legend States/districts won by Reagan/Bush States/districts won by Carter/Mondale † At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method) Ronald ReaganRepublican Jimmy CarterDemocratic John AndersonIndependent Ed ClarkLibertarian Margin MarginSwingPercentage point difference in margin from the 1976 election State Total State electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % % # Alabama 9 654,192 48.75 9 636,730 47.45 - 16,481 1.23 - 13,318 0.99 - 17,462 1.30 14.41 1,341,929 AL Alaska 3 86,112 54.35 3 41,842 26.41 - 11,155 7.04 - 18,479 11.66 - 44,270 27.94 5.69 158,445 AK Arizona 6 529,688 60.61 6 246,843 28.24 - 76,952 8.81 - 18,784 2.15 - 282,845 32.36 15.79 873,945 AZ Arkansas 6 403,164 48.13 6 398,041 47.52 - 22,468 2.68 - 8,970 1.07 - 5,123 0.61 30.62 837,582 AR California 45 4,524,858 52.69 45 3,083,661 35.91 - 739,833 8.62 - 148,434 1.73 - 1,441,197 16.78 15.00 8,587,063 CA Colorado 7 652,264 55.07 7 367,973 31.07 - 130,633 11.03 - 25,744 2.17 - 284,291 24.00 12.53 1,184,415 CO Connecticut 8 677,210 48.16 8 541,732 38.52 - 171,807 12.22 - 8,570 0.61 - 135,478 9.63 4.46 1,406,285 CT Delaware 3 111,252 47.21 3 105,754 44.87 - 16,288 6.91 - 1,974 0.84 - 5,498 2.33 7.74 235,668 DE D.C. 3 23,313 13.41 - 130,231 74.89 3 16,131 9.28 - 1,104 0.63 - -106,918 -61.49 3.63 173,889 DC Florida 17 2,046,951 55.52 17 1,419,475 38.50 - 189,692 5.14 - 30,524 0.83 - 627,476 17.02 22.30 3,687,026 FL Georgia 12 654,168 40.95 - 890,733 55.76 12 36,055 2.26 - 15,627 0.98 - -236,565 -14.81 18.97 1,597,467 GA Hawaii 4 130,112 42.90 - 135,879 44.80 4 32,021 10.56 - 3,269 1.08 - -5,767 -1.90 0.63 303,287 HI Idaho 4 290,699 66.46 4 110,192 25.19 - 27,058 6.19 - 8,425 1.93 - 180,507 41.27 18.51 437,431 ID Illinois 26 2,358,049 49.65 26 1,981,413 41.72 - 346,754 7.30 - 38,939 0.82 - 376,636 7.93 5.96 4,749,721 IL Indiana 13 1,255,656 56.01 13 844,197 37.65 - 111,639 4.98 - 19,627 0.88 - 411,459 18.35 10.73 2,242,033 IN Iowa 8 676,026 51.31 8 508,672 38.60 - 115,633 8.78 - 13,123 1.00 - 167,354 12.70 11.69 1,317,661 IA Kansas 7 566,812 57.85 7 326,150 33.29 - 68,231 6.96 - 14,470 1.48 - 240,662 24.56 17.01 979,795 KS Kentucky 9 635,274 49.07 9 616,417 47.61 - 31,127 2.40 - 5,531 0.43 - 18,857 1.46 8.65 1,294,627 KY Louisiana 10 792,853 51.20 10 708,453 45.75 - 26,345 1.70 - 8,240 0.53 - 84,400 5.45 11.23 1,548,591 LA Maine † 2 238,522 45.61 2 220,974 42.25 - 53,327 10.20 - 5,119 0.98 - 17,548 3.36 2.52 523,011 MEMaine-1 1 126,274 45.96 1 117,613 42.80 – 30,889 11.24 – Unknown Unknown – 8,661 3.15 1.83 274,776 ME1Maine-2 1 112,248 47.15 1 103,361 43.42 – 22,438 9.43 – Unknown Unknown – 8,887 3.73 3.46 238,047 ME2 Maryland 10 680,606 44.18 - 726,161 47.14 10 119,537 7.76 - 14,192 0.92 - -45,555 -2.96 3.11 1,540,496 MD Massachusetts 14 1,057,631 41.90 14 1,053,802 41.75 - 382,539 15.15 - 22,038 0.87 - 3,829 0.15 15.82 2,524,298 MA Michigan 21 1,915,225 48.99 21 1,661,532 42.50 - 275,223 7.04 - 41,597 1.06 - 253,693 6.49 1.10 3,909,725 MI Minnesota 10 873,241 42.56 - 954,174 46.50 10 174,990 8.53 - 31,592 1.54 - -80,933 -3.94 8.93 2,051,953 MN Mississippi 7 441,089 49.42 7 429,281 48.09 - 12,036 1.35 - 5,465 0.61 - 11,808 1.32 3.20 892,620 MS Missouri 12 1,074,181 51.16 12 931,182 44.35 - 77,920 3.71 - 14,422 0.69 - 142,999 6.81 10.44 2,099,824 MO Montana 4 206,814 56.82 4 118,032 32.43 - 29,281 8.05 - 9,825 2.70 - 88,782 24.39 16.95 363,952 MT Nebraska 5 419,937 65.53 5 166,851 26.04 - 44,993 7.02 - 9,073 1.42 - 253,086 39.49 18.75 640,854 NE Nevada 3 155,017 62.54 3 66,666 26.89 - 17,651 7.12 - 4,358 1.76 - 88,351 35.64 31.28 247,885 NV New Hampshire 4 221,705 57.74 4 108,864 28.35 - 49,693 12.94 - 2,067 0.54 - 112,841 29.39 18.11 383,999 NH New Jersey 17 1,546,557 51.97 17 1,147,364 38.56 - 234,632 7.88 - 20,652 0.69 - 399,193 13.42 11.26 2,975,684 NJ New Mexico 4 250,779 54.97 4 167,826 36.78 - 29,459 6.46 - 4,365 0.96 - 82,953 18.18 15.71 456,237 NM New York 41 2,893,831 46.66 41 2,728,372 43.99 - 467,801 7.54 - 52,648 0.85 - 165,459 2.67 7.10 6,201,959 NY North Carolina 13 915,018 49.30 13 875,635 47.18 - 52,800 2.85 - 9,677 0.52 - 39,383 2.12 13.17 1,855,833 NC North Dakota 3 193,695 64.23 3 79,189 26.26 - 23,640 7.84 - 3,743 1.24 - 114,506 37.97 32.12 301,545 ND Ohio 25 2,206,545 51.51 25 1,752,414 40.91 - 254,472 5.94 - 49,033 1.14 - 454,131 10.60 10.87 4,283,603 OH Oklahoma 8 695,570 60.50 8 402,026 34.97 - 38,284 3.33 - 13,828 1.20 - 293,544 25.53 24.32 1,149,708 OK Oregon 6 571,044 48.33 6 456,890 38.67 - 112,389 9.51 - 25,838 2.19 - 114,154 9.66 9.49 1,181,516 OR Pennsylvania 27 2,261,872 49.59 27 1,937,540 42.48 - 292,921 6.42 - 33,263 0.73 - 324,332 7.11 9.47 4,561,501 PA Rhode Island 4 154,793 37.20 - 198,342 47.67 4 59,819 14.38 - 2,458 0.59 - -43,549 -10.47 0.81 416,072 RI South Carolina 8 441,207 49.57 8 427,560 48.04 - 14,150 1.59 - 4,975 0.56 - 13,647 1.53 14.57 890,083 SC South Dakota 4 198,343 60.53 4 103,855 31.69 - 21,431 6.54 - 3,824 1.17 - 94,488 28.83 27.35 327,703 SD Tennessee 10 787,761 48.70 10 783,051 48.41 - 35,991 2.22 - 7,116 0.44 - 4,710 0.29 13.29 1,617,616 TN Texas 26 2,510,705 55.28 26 1,881,147 41.42 - 111,613 2.46 - 37,643 0.83 - 629,558 13.86 17.03 4,541,637 TX Utah 4 439,687 72.77 4 124,266 20.57 - 30,284 5.01 - 7,226 1.20 - 315,421 52.20 23.41 604,222 UT Vermont 3 94,598 44.37 3 81,891 38.41 - 31,760 14.90 - 1,900 0.89 - 12,707 5.96 -5.24 213,207 VT Virginia 12 989,609 53.03 12 752,174 40.31 - 95,418 5.11 - 12,821 0.69 - 237,435 12.72 11.38 1,866,032 VA Washington 9 865,244 49.66 9 650,193 37.32 - 185,073 10.62 - 29,213 1.68 - 215,051 12.34 8.46 1,742,394 WA West Virginia 6 334,206 45.30 - 367,462 49.81 6 31,691 4.30 - 4,356 0.59 - -33,256 -4.51 11.63 737,715 WV Wisconsin 11 1,088,845 47.90 11 981,584 43.18 - 160,657 7.07 - 29,135 1.28 - 107,261 4.72 6.40 2,273,221 WI Wyoming 3 110,700 62.64 3 49,427 27.97 - 12,072 6.83 - 4,514 2.55 - 61,273 34.67 15.18 176,713 WY TOTALS: 538 43,903,230 50.75 489 35,480,115 41.01 49 5,719,850 6.61 - 921,128 1.06 - 8,423,115 9.74 11.80 86,509,678 US Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes.Barone Michael Ujifusa Grant The Almanac of American Politics, 1982 1981 States that flipped from Democratic to Republican Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Mississippi Missouri New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Wisconsin Close states Margin of victory less than 1% (30 electoral votes): Massachusetts, 0.15% (3,829 votes) Tennessee, 0.29% (4,710 votes) Arkansas, 0.61% (5,123 votes) Margin of victory less than 5% (135 electoral votes): Alabama, 1.30% (17,462 votes) Mississippi, 1.32% (11,808 votes) Kentucky, 1.46% (18,857 votes) South Carolina, 1.53% (13,647 votes) Hawaii, 1.90% (5,767 votes) North Carolina, 2.12% (39,383 votes) Delaware, 2.33% (5,498 votes) New York, 2.67% (165,459 votes) Maryland, 2.96% (45,555 votes) Maine's 1st Congressional District, 3.15% (8,661 votes) Maine, 3.36% (17,548 votes) Maine's 2nd Congressional District, 3.73% (8,887 votes) Minnesota, 3.94% (80,933 votes) West Virginia, 4.51% (33,256 votes) Wisconsin, 4.72% (107,261 votes) Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (113 electoral votes): Louisiana, 5.45% (84,400 votes) Vermont, 5.96% (12,707 votes) Michigan, 6.49% (253,693 votes) Missouri, 6.81% (142,999 votes) Pennsylvania, 7.11% (324,332 votes) Illinois, 7.93% (376,636 votes) (tipping-point state) Connecticut, 9.64% (135,478 votes) Oregon, 9.66% (114,154 votes) Statistics Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Republican) Banner County, Nebraska 90.41% Madison County, Idaho 88.41% McIntosh County, North Dakota 86.01% McPherson County, South Dakota 85.60% Franklin County, Idaho 85.31% Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Democratic) Macon County, Alabama 80.10% Hancock County, Georgia 78.50% Duval County, Texas 77.91% Jefferson County, Mississippi 77.84% Greene County, Alabama 77.09% Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Other) Pitkin County, Colorado 27.76% Nantucket, Massachusetts 21.63% Winnebago County, Illinois 21.50% Dukes County, Massachusetts 20.88% Story County, Iowa 19.41% Voter demographics The 1980 presidential vote by demographic subgroup Demographic subgroupCarterReaganAnderson % oftotal vote Total vote 41 51 7 100Ideology Liberals 60 28 11 17 Moderates 43 49 8 46 Conservatives 23 73 3 33Party Democrats 67 27 6 43 Republicans 11 85 4 28 Independents 31 55 12 23Sex Men 38 55 7 51 Women 46 47 7 49Race White 36 56 8 88 Black 83 14 3 10 Hispanic 56 37 7 2Age 18–21 years old 45 44 11 6 22–29 years old 44 44 11 17 30–44 years old 38 55 7 31 45–59 years old 39 55 6 23 60 and older 41 55 4 18Family income Under $10,000 52 42 6 13 $10,000–15,000 48 43 8 14 $15,000–25,000 39 54 7 30 $25,000–50,000 33 59 8 24 Over $50,000 26 66 8 5Region East 44 48 8 32 Midwest 42 52 6 20 South 45 52 3 27 West 36 54 9 11Union households Union 48 45 7 26 Non-union 36 56 8 62 Source: CBS News and The New York Times exit poll from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research (15,201 surveyed)https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980 How Groups Voted in 1980 ropercenter.cornell.edu December 11, 2022 live https://web.archive.org/web/20220625160507/https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980 June 25, 2022 Aftermath In 1986, it was revealed that Philippine leader Ferdinand Marcos had allegedly donated money to both Carter's and Reagan's campaigns.Mr. Marcos' Money? https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/07/30/mr-marcos-money/310a0cb9-780a-43d5-ab66-6e26047c4641/ The Washington Post July 29, 1986 January 18, 2025 See also United States Politics 1980s Conservatism 1980 United States Senate elections 1980 United States House of Representatives elections 1980 United States gubernatorial elections History of the United States (1964–1980) History of the United States (1980–1991) Anderson v. Celebrezze Political activities of the Koch brothers Debategate per allegations of Carter's briefing books being leaked to Reagan campaign prior to their debate Notes References 30em Further reading Books Busch Andrew E. Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right 2005 University Press of Kansas Lawrence 0-7006-1407-9 . online review by Michael Barone Davies, Gareth, and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History (2015) pp. 196–218. Ehrman John The Eighties: American in the Age of Reagan 2005 Yale University Press New Haven 0-300-10662-9 https://archive.org/details/eightiesamericai00ehrm Ferguson Thomas Thomas Ferguson (academic) Joel Rogers Joel Rogers 1986 Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics Hill and Wang New York 0-8090-8191-1 https://archive.org/details/rightturndecline00ferg_0 Germond Jack W. Jack Germond Jules Witcover Jules Witcover 1981 Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980 https://archive.org/details/bluesmokemirrors00germ registration Viking New York 0-670-51383-0 Hogue, Andrew P. Stumping God: Reagan, Carter, and the Invention of a Political Faith (Baylor University Press; 2012) 343 pages; A study of religious rhetoric in the campaign Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton (2017) pp 250–270. online Mason, Jim (2011). No Holding Back: The 1980 John B. Anderson Presidential Campaign. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 0761852263. Pomper Gerald M. Gerald M. Pomper Ross K. Baker Kathleen A. Frankovic Charles E. Jacob Wilson Carey McWilliams Henry A. Plotkin Pomper Marlene M. 1981 The Election of 1980: Reports and Interpretations Chatham, NJ Chatham House 0-934540-10-1 https://archive.org/details/electionof1980re0000unse Shirley Craig Craig Shirley Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America 2009 Intercollegiate Studies Institute Wilmington, Del. 978-1-933859-55-2 . online review by Lou Cannon Stanley, Timothy. Kennedy vs. Carter: The 1980 Battle for the Democratic Party's Soul (University Press of Kansas, 2010) 298 pages. A revisionist history of the 1970s and their political aftermath that argues that Ted Kennedy's 1980 campaign was more popular than has been acknowledged; describes his defeat by Jimmy Carter in terms of a "historical accident" rather than perceived radicalism. Troy Gil Gil Troy 2005 Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s https://archive.org/details/morninginamerica00troy Princeton University Press Princeton 0-691-12166-4 Ward Jon 2019 Camelot's End: Kennedy vs. Carter and the Fight that Broke the Democratic Party New York; Boston Twelve 9781455591381 1085989134 West Darrell M. 1984 Making Campaigns Count: Leadership and Coalition-Building in 1980 https://archive.org/details/makingcampaignsc00west Greenwood Press Westport, Ct. 0-313-24235-6 Journal articles Jerome Himmelstein J. A. McRae Jr. Social Conservatism, New Republicans and the 1980 Election Public Opinion Quarterly 48 1984 595–605 10.1086/268860 3 Seymour M. Lipset Seymour Martin Lipset Earl Raab Evangelicals and the Elections Commentary 71 1981 25–31 Arthur H. Miller Martin P. Wattenberg Martin Wattenberg (political scientist) Politics from the Pulpit: Religiosity and the 1980 Elections Public Opinion Quarterly 48 1984 300–12 10.1093/poq/48.1b.301 144534190 Newspaper articles Knickerbocker Brad 21 October 1981 Did TV change Election '80? https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1021/102132.html The Christian Science Monitor 3 November 2020 External links The Election Wall's 1980 Election Video Page 1980 popular vote by counties 1980 popular vote by states 1980 popular vote by states (with bar graphs) Campaign commercials from the 1980 election https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 August 25, 2012 How close was the 1980 election? —Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ru Portrayal of 1980 presidential elections in the U.S. by the Soviet television Election of 1980 in Counting the Votes https://web.archive.org/web/20160311083117/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1980 March 11, 2016 1980 United States Presidential Election 1980 Category:Ronald Reagan Category:Jimmy Carter Category:Walter Mondale Category:George H. W. Bush Category:November 1980 in the United States