115 Antioch earthquake

115 earthquake centred near Antioch 115 Antioch earthquake yes 13 December 115 At night Syria 7.5 Mshttps://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/64 Comments for the Significant Earthquake National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 19 October 2011 11 36.1 36.1 inline,title Anatolia, Syria in the Roman Empire Yes ~260,000 en-UK An earthquake occurred in Antioch on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Antioch and surrounding areas were devastated with a great loss of life and property. It triggered a local tsunami that badly damaged the harbour at Caesarea Maritima. The Roman emperor Trajan was caught in the earthquake, as was his successor Hadrian. Although the consul Marcus Pedo Vergilianus was killed, they escaped with only slight injuries and later began a program to rebuild the city.Fant C.E. Reddish M.G. A guide to biblical sites in Greece and Turkey https://books.google.com/books?id=0-OkT0BpyeYC&pg=PT303 303 2003 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-513917-4 Antioch on the OrontesCassius Dio, Roman History 68,24–25 Tectonic setting The site of Antioch lies close to the complex triple junction between the northern end of the Dead Sea Transform, the mainly transform boundary between the African plate and the Arabian plate, the southwestern end of the East Anatolian Fault, the mainly transform boundary between the Anatolian plate and the Arabian plate, and the northeastern end of the Cyprus Arc, the boundary between the Anatolian and African plates. The city lies on the Antakya Basin, part of the Amik Basin, filled by Pliocene-to-recent alluvial sediments. The area has been affected by many large earthquakes during the last 2,000 years.http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/Projeler-Bilgi/poster_EGU2011-antakya.pdf Antakya Basin Strong Ground Motion Network Çaktı E. Bikçe M. Özel O. Geneş C. Kaçın S. Kaya Y. amp 2011 22 September 2011 The results of trenching over the northern part of the Dead Sea Transform indicate that three major earthquakes have occurred along the Missyaf segment of the fault since about 100 AD, the earliest of which may correlate with the 115 earthquake.Meghraoui M. Gomez F. Sbeinati R. van der Woerd J. Mouty M. Darkal A.N. Radwan Y. Layyous I. Al Najjar H. Darawcheh R. Hijazi F. Al-Ghazzi R Barazangi M. amp 2003 Evidence for 830 years of seismic quiescence from palaeoseismology, archaeoseismology and historical seismicity along the Dead Sea fault in Syria Earth and Planetary Science Letters Elsevier 210 1–2 35–52 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00144-4 https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/5320/1/Meghraoui2003EPSL_post-print.pdf 2003E&PSL.210...35M 1813/5320 free Damage The earthquake killed an estimated 260,000 people. The cities of Antioch, Daphne and Apamea were almost completely destroyed. Trees were uprooted and felled; people were thrown down to the ground. The Roman emperor Trajan was trapped under the rubble of his home but escaped with minor injuries.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/64 Global Significant Earthquake Database 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 21 February 2023 10.7289/V5TD9V7K National Geophysical Data Center An account of the earthquake was included by the writer Cassius Dio in his Roman History.Bennett J. Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times https://books.google.com/books?id=qk_tofvS8EsC&pg=RA1-PA237 20 October 2011 2nd Roman imperial biographies Batsford Series 1997 978-0-415-16524-2 199–201 He describes Antioch at that time as crowded with soldiers and many civilians that had travelled from all parts of the empire, because Trajan was wintering there. The earthquake began with a loud roaring sound, followed by intense shaking of the ground. Whole trees were thrown into the air, as were many of the inhabitants, causing great injury. Large numbers of people were killed by falling debris, while many others were trapped. The aftershocks that followed the earthquake for several days killed some of the survivors, while others that were trapped died of hunger. Trajan managed to get clear of the house he was staying in by leaving through a window and only suffered minor injuries. Because of the danger from aftershocks, he moved with his retinue to the open hippodrome. The city of Apamea was also destroyed by the earthquake and Beirut suffered significant damage. The tsunami triggered by the earthquake affected the Lebanese coast, particularly at Caesarea and Yavneh.The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Sbeinati M.R. Darawcheh, R. Mouty, M. amp 2005 Annals of Geophysics 48 3 347–435 22 October 2011 https://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/908/1/01Sbeinati.pdf The harbour at Caesarea Maritima was probably destroyed by the tsunami, an interpretation based on the dating of a half metre thick tsunami deposit found outside the harbour.Reinhardt E.G. Goodman B.N. Boyce J.I. Lopez G. van Hengstum P. Rinnk W.J. Mart Y. Raban A. amp 2006 The tsunami of 13 December A.D. 115 and the destruction of Herod the Great's harbor at Caesarea Maritima, Israel Geology 34 12 1061–1064 10.1130/G22780A.1 https://haifa.academia.edu/lopezgi/Papers/152377/The_Tsunami_of_December_13_115_A.D._and_the_destruction_of_Herod_the_Greats_Harbor_at_Caesarea_Maritima_Israel 20 October 2011 2006Geo....34.1061R Aftermath The restoration of Antioch was started by Trajan but seems to have been completed by Hadrian.Boatwright M.T. Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire https://books.google.com/books?id=loeKaUoOT_MC&pg=RA1-PA138 2003 Princeton University Press 978-0-691-09493-9 138 Trajan had a copy of the statue of Tyche by Eutychides erected at the new theatre, to commemorate the rebuilding of the city.Dirven L. The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria https://books.google.com/books?id=_LfXg2r6FT0C&pg=PA112 20 October 2011 Religions in the Graeco-Roman world 138 1999 BRILL 978-90-04-11589-7 112 Almost all of the mosaics that have been found in Antioch date from after the earthquake.Hengel M. Schwemer A.M. Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years https://books.google.com/books?id=PRIKVslqctkC&pg=PA478 20 October 2011 1997 Westminster John Knox Press 978-0-664-25736-1 478 See also Asia Roman Empire Turkey 526 Antioch earthquake 1872 Amik earthquake 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes List of earthquakes in Turkey List of earthquakes in the Levant List of historical earthquakes List of tsunamis List of natural disasters by death toll References External links Casio Dio, Roman History, Book LXVIII, Section 24-25, description of the Antioch earthquake. 0115 Antioch Antioch Category:110s in the Roman Empire Category:1st-millennium earthquakes Category:Ancient Antioch Category:2nd-century natural disasters Category:Roman Syria Category:Tsunamis in Asia Category:Roman Anatolia Category:Earthquakes in the Roman Empire