1919 Spanish general election

none 1919 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1918 Spanish general election 1918 1920 Spanish general election 1920 All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate205 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 3,799,428 2,439,463 (64.2%) 1 June 1919 (Congress)"25May" Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law were proclaimed on 25 May 1919.1 January 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=32ff7b3b-8ee5-492a-bfc0-cbc5d2c8f40a&page=180 Mayo de 1919. Día 25. Las elecciones. Diputados proclamados por el artículo 29 es National Library of Spain El Año Político 4 August 202315 June 1919 (Senate) 170x170px Eduardo Dato Conservative Party (Spain) 1913 Vitoria 104 D Congress of Deputies47 S Senate 95 D Congress of Deputies54 S Senate 10px 9 D Congress of Deputies10px 7 S Senate 170x170px Antonio Maura Maurist–Ciervist 1959AA 1913 Palma 51 D Congress of Deputies15 S SenateResults for PM (27 deputies and 9 senators) and CC (24 deputies and 6 senators) in the 1918 election. 105 D Congress of Deputies38 S Senate 10px 54 D Congress of Deputies10px 23 S Senate 170x170px Marquis of Alhucemas Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 1913 Senator for life 89 D Congress of Deputies42 S Senate 51 D Congress of Deputies26 S Senate 10px 38 D Congress of Deputies10px 16 S Senate 170x170px Count of Romanones Romanonist 1912 Guadalajara 40 D Congress of Deputies23 S Senate 41 D Congress of Deputies22 S Senate 10px 1 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Santiago Alba Liberal Left (Spain) 1917 Albuñol 33 D Congress of Deputies17 S Senate 31 D Congress of Deputies10 S Senate 10px 2 D Congress of Deputies10px 7 S Senate 170x170px Francesc Cambó Regionalist 1917 Barcelona 22 D Congress of Deputies8 S Senate 14 D Congress of Deputies7 S Senate 10px 8 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Antonio Maura Maurist Party Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Conservative Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 1 June 1919 (for the Congress of Deputies),"25May" and on 15 June 1919 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 18th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The inconclusive 1918 election had resulted in the formation of a national unity government under Antonio Maura, the "National Government" (es Gobierno Nacional), including all Liberal and Conservative factions and the Regionalist League. This cabinet was short-lived: the end of World War I, together with personal animosities between regionalist Francesc Cambó (then Development minister) and liberal leftist Santiago Alba (Public Instruction minister) and internal opposition from Eduardo Dato's Conservatives, led to its collapse in November 1918.Montagut Contreras Eduardo 19 February 2020 https://www.andalan.es/?p=15620 El Gobierno de concentración nacional de Antonio Maura es Andalán 21 August 2025 It was briefly replaced by a government led by the Marquis of Alhucemas, but this lasted for only one month as it failed to pass a State budget and the Commonwealth of Catalonia started a Catalan autonomist campaign by presenting a draft statute of autonomy to the es Cortes no. The Count of Romanones was then appointed as prime minister of a single-party government, having to face off the La Canadenca strike which forced him to pass the eight-hour working day and ultimately led—through pressure from the Defence Juntas—to his dismissal by King Alfonso XIII. Re-appointed to the post by the King, Maura formed a predominantly Maurist–Ciervist cabinet in April 1919, but his own inability to secure parliamentary support led to the es Cortes no's dissolution. In the snap election that ensued, the parties supporting Maura's government failed to secure an overall majority, as the caciquist networks of the decaying es turno system still favoured the various warring factions of the two dynastic parties. The Datists emerged as the largest faction in a fragmented hung parliament, and the failure of Maura's subsequent attempt to form a coalition government with Eduardo Dato led to a Conservative minority with Joaquín Sánchez de Toca as prime minister. Background Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 24 February 1918 for the Congress and on 10 March 1918 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 24 February and 10 March 1923, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 2 May 1919, with the corresponding decree—issued on 10 May—setting election day for 1 June (Congress) and 15 June 1919 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 24 June.Royal Decree of 2 May 1919 arts. 1–2; Royal Decree of 10 May 1919 arts. 1–2. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty. It was compulsory, excepting those over 70, the clergy and—within their territories—trial judges and public notaries.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 1–3.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90García Muñoz 2002 107–108Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 8 August 1907 art. 3. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing ten seats or more could choose up to four candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between eight and ten seats, up to three less; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 20–21.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89–92 Candidates in uncontested seats were automatically elected.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 29.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90–91Uncontested districts were those where the number of candidates was equal to or fewer than the available seats. Whenever vacancies remained, a by-election was held to fill the remaining seats. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 311 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 8 August 1907 add. arts. 2–3 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, and Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, Law of 11 July 1912, and Royal Decree of 20 March 1916). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Gran Canaria, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santander, Tarragona, Tenerife, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 55–58. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 3–7. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. Servants in the judiciary or the prosecution ministry. Additionally, candidates were required to either have previously served as deputies or be nominated by two current or former senators (or same-province deputies); three current or former provincial deputies (from the same province); or at least one twentieth of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from nominating more than one candidate (except in multi-member constituencies, which used the same partial block voting system for nominations as for elections).Law of 8 August 1907 art. 24. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.). The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 1 June 1919 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % A.29 Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law. Cont. Candidates elected in contested districts. Total Maurist Party–Ciervist Conservatives (PM–CC) 16 89 105 Conservative Party (PC) 29 66 95 Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) 13 38 51 Romanonist Liberals (PL) 10 31 41 Liberal Left (IL) 4 27 31 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 2 13 15 Regionalist League (LR) 1 13 14 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 1 7 8 Reformist Party (PRef) 2 5 7 Catalan Republican Party (PRC) 1 4 5 Basque Nationalist Communion (CNV) 0 5 5 Agrarian Liberal Party (PLA) 1 3 4 Radical Republican Party (PRR) 1 3 4 Zamorist Liberals (LZ) 0 4 4 Autonomist Monarchist Federation (FMA) 0 2 2 Integrist Party (PI) 0 1 1 Nationalist Democratic Federation (FDN) 0 1 1 Aragonese Union (UA) 0 1 1 Independents (INDEP) 2 13 15 Total 83 326 409 Votes cast / turnout 2,439,463 64.21 Abstentions Registered voters 3,799,428 Sources"25May"http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=146988 Elecciones de Diputados a Cortes verificadas el 1.° de junio de 1919 es National Statistics Institute 14 August 20232 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=1475698f-bce4-4555-9692-73c36aff39bb&page=5 Elecciones para diputados a Cortes. En Madrid es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 12 August 20232 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ddcf5fa5-f8a3-4953-8886-22cf9e239197 Elecciones generales es National Library of Spain La Época 12 August 20232 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ad3c250d-57f4-4658-a50a-923b55bb98bd&page=3 La jornada electoral en toda España es National Library of Spain El Sol 12 August 20233 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=0384a545-287d-4c95-89be-440374092763&page=2 Elecciones generales. Resultado de la lucha es National Library of Spain El Liberal 4 August 20233 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ab4ba992-fda3-4681-b87e-cbe169f80087 Datos particulares. En provincias es National Library of Spain La Acción 4 August 20233 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=600ea79e-e552-474e-8c8f-2c726d44076a&page=4 Después de la jornada es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 12 August 20231 January 1920 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=32ff7b3b-8ee5-492a-bfc0-cbc5d2c8f40a&page=192 Junio de 1919. Día 1. El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain El Año Político 4 August 2023 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PM–CC Maurists–Ciervists 25.67 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 23.23 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 12.47 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 10.02 IL Liberal Left (Spain) 7.58 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 3.67 LR Regionalist League 3.42 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.96 PRef Reformist Party (Spain) 1.71 PRC Catalan Republican Party (1917) 1.22 CNV Basque Nationalist Communion 1.22 PLA Agrarian Liberal Party 0.98 PRR Radical Republican Party 0.98 LZ Liberal Republican Right 0.98 FMA Autonomist Monarchist Federation 0.49 PI Integrist Party 0.24 FDN Nationalist Democratic Federation 0.24 UA Integrist Party 0.24 INDEP Independent politician 3.67 Senate + ← Summary of the 15 June 1919 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Conservative Party (PC) 54 Maurist Party–Ciervist Conservatives (PM–CC) 38 Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) 26 Romanonist Liberals (PL) 22 Liberal Left (IL) 10 Regionalist League (LR) 7 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 4 Basque Nationalist Communion (CNV) 2 Agrarian Liberal Party (PLA) 2 Integrist Party (PI) 2 Zamorist Liberals (LZ) 1 Independents (INDEP) 3 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources16 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=270b7b41-b6f3-45b7-932c-61ba4a47b382&page=2 Datos oficiales es National Library of Spain El Correo Español 12 August 202316 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=523f1f2e-24f7-4add-ad2c-2b632286897b&page=7 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Fígaro 12 August 202316 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=9dbedddc-97cb-4985-8eb0-0461998a8409 Veintiocho provincias votan contra el Gobierno es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 12 August 202316 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=1555721b-a5ff-44d9-b20d-9140b4c75fd5 El segundo fracaso electoral del Gobierno es National Library of Spain El Liberal 12 August 202316 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=6f2d2016-82c5-409f-a287-72313e6e4505 El Gobierno tendrá en la Alta Cámara una mayoría de 211 senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 12 August 202316 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=509733fb-7232-4367-847f-8fe46612801c&page=3 Las elecciones de senadores en España es National Library of Spain El Sol 12 August 202318 June 1919 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=0c54121e-6092-4bd1-84eb-0b9cd5809381&page=2 Elecciones de senadores. El resultado según datos oficiales es National Library of Spain La Publicidad 12 August 20231 January 1920 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=32ff7b3b-8ee5-492a-bfc0-cbc5d2c8f40a&page=209 Junio de 1919. Día 15. Elección de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 4 August 2023 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 30.00 PM–CC Maurists–Ciervists 21.11 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 14.44 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 12.22 IL Liberal Left (Spain) 5.56 LR Regionalist League 3.89 CT Traditionalist Communion 2.22 CNV Basque Nationalist Communion 1.11 PLA Agrarian Liberal Party 1.11 PI Integrist Party 1.11 LZ Liberal Republican Right 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 1.67 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 18th Restoration Cortes (1919–1920) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PC Conservative Party (PC) 92 54 149 National Monarchist Union (UMN) 3 0 PM–CC Maurist Party (PM) 63 26 143 Ciervist Conservatives (CC) 33 10 Traditionalist Catholic Party (PCT) 4 1 National Monarchist Union (UMN) 4 1 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 1 0 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (Prietist) (PLD) 50 26 77 National Monarchist Union (UMN) 1 0 PL Liberal Party (Romanonist) (PL) 41 22 63 IL Liberal Left (Albist) (IL) 29 10 41 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 1 0 Monarchist Action League (LAM) 1 0 LR Regionalist League (LR) 14 7 21 CRS Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 6 0 15 Republican Federation (FR) 6 0 Independent Republicans (R.IND) 2 0 Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 1 0 CT Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 8 4 12 PRef Reformist Party (PRef) 7 0 7 CNV Basque Nationalist Communion (CNV) 5 2 7 PLA Agrarian Liberal Party (Gassetist) (PLA) 4 2 6 PRC Catalan Republican Party (PRC) 5 0 5 LZ Zamorist Liberals (LZ) 4 1 5 PRR Radical Republican Party (PRR) 4 0 4 PI Integrist Party (PI) 1 2 3 FMA Autonomist Monarchist Federation (FMA) 2 0 2 FDN Nationalist Democratic Federation (FDN) 1 0 1 UA Aragonese Union (UA) 1 0 1 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 3 1 18 Independent Liberals (L.IND) 3 1 National Monarchist Union (UMN) 3 0 Independent Agrarians (AGR) 2 1 Independent Conservatives (C.IND) 1 0 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 0 Nationalist Republicans (R.NAC) 1 0 Independent Regionalists (REG) 1 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 409 180 589 See also Encasillado Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley reformando la Electoral vigente Law 8 August 1907 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/222/A00584-00592.pdf 28 November 2022 Law of 8 August 1907 y Ley disponiendo que el territorio de la Nación española que constituye el Archipiélago canario, cuya capitalidad reside en Santa Cruz de Tenerife, conserve su unidad, ateniéndose los servicios públicos en el modo y forma que se determina en esta ley Law 11 July 1912 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1912/195/A00105-00107.pdf 29 November 2022 Law of 11 July 1912 y Real decreto disponiendo que la isla de La Palma (Canarias) se divida, a los efectos de las elecciones para Diputados a Cortes, en dos distritos, que se denominarán de Santa Cruz de la Palma y de Los Llanos Royal Decree 20 March 1916 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1916/082/A00669-00669.pdf 29 November 2022 Royal Decree of 20 March 1916 y Real decreto declarando disueltas el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva, del Senado, y que las elecciones de Diputados y Senadores se celebrarán dentro del plazo legal, señalándose oportunamente la fecha Royal Decree 2 May 1919 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1919/123/A00422-00422.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 2 May 1919 y Real decreto disponiendo que las Cortes se reunan en Madrid el día 24 de Junio próximo; que las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes se verifiquen el día primero y las de Senadores el día 15 del referido mes Royal Decree 10 May 1919 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1919/132/A00549-00549.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 10 May 1919 Other 30em Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Gómez Ochoa Fidel 1990 El gobierno de concentración en el pensamiento y la acción política de Antonio Maura (1918-1922) https://www.cepc.gob.es/publicaciones/revistas/revista-de-estudios-politicos/numero-69-julioseptiembre-1990/el-gobierno-de-concentracion-en-el-pensamiento-y-la-accion-politica-de-antonio-maura-1918-1922-1 Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 69 239–251 0048-7694 21 August 2025 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA121 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 121–132 9788470903502 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Martorell Linares Miguel https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/1380-santiago-alba-y-bonifaz Personajes: Santiago Alba y Bonifaz 2022 es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Álvarez Tardío Manuel https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/2133-melquiades-alvarez-y-gonzalez-posada Personajes: Melquíades Álvarez y González Posada 2022 es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Cuenca Toribio José Manuel https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/8621-francesc-cambo-i-batlle Personajes: Francesc Cambó i Batlle 2022a es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Seco Serrano Carlos https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/13142-eduardo-dato-iradier Personajes: Eduardo Dato Iradier 2022 es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Moreno Luzón Javier https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/17733-alvaro-de-figueroa-y-torres Personajes: Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres 2022 es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Sainz de Vicuña y García-Prieto Manuel https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/19453-manuel-garcia-prieto Personajes: Manuel García Prieto 2022 es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Cuenca Toribio José Manuel https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/29034-antonio-maura-y-montaner Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner 2022b es Royal Academy of History 19 August 2025 Category:1919 elections in Spain 1919 Category:June 1919 in Europe