10 Gigabit Ethernet

Standards for Ethernet at ten times the speed of Gigabit Ethernet April 2020 January 2019 thumb|upright=1.4|Router with two dozen 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports and three types of physical-layer module 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second. It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10GbE defines only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches; shared-medium CSMA/CD operation has not been carried over from the previous generations of Ethernet standardsMichael Palmer Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, 2nd ed. 21 June 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=-QELAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 Cengage Learning 978-1-285-40275-8 180 so half-duplex operation and repeater hubs do not exist in 10GbE.IEEE 802.3-2012 44.1.1 Scope The first standard for faster 100 Gigabit Ethernet links was approved in 2010.https://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/index.html IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force 2010-06-21 The 10GbE standard encompasses a number of different physical layer (PHY) standards. A networking device, such as a switch or a network interface controller may have different PHY types through pluggable PHY modules, such as those based on SFP+.April 2026 Like previous versions of Ethernet, 10GbE can use either copper or fiber cabling. Maximum distance over copper cable is 100 meters but because of its bandwidth requirements, higher-grade cables are required.Category 6 cable supports runs up to 55 meters. Category 6A or higher is good for lengths up to 100 meters. The adoption of 10GbE has been more gradual than previous revisions of Ethernet: in 2007, one million 10GbE ports were shipped, in 2009 two million ports were shipped, and in 2010 over three million ports were shipped,http://www.delloro.com/news/2010/ES022210.htm/ Dell'Oro press release 29 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110719051017/http://www.delloro.com/news/2010/ES022210.htm/ 19 July 2011 dead dmy-allhttp://communities.intel.com/community/openportit/server/blog/2011/05/12/overheard-at-interop-a-few-questions-about-ethernet Intel blog about Interop 2011 20 September 2011 25 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110525105000/http://communities.intel.com/community/openportit/server/blog/2011/05/12/overheard-at-interop-a-few-questions-about-ethernet dead with an estimated nine million ports in 2011.https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/03/google-microsoft-network-gear/ Exclusive: Google, Amazon, and Microsoft Swarm China for Network Gear Wired 2012, although the price per gigabit of bandwidth for 10GbE was about one-third compared to Gigabit Ethernet, the price per port of 10GbE still hindered more widespread adoption.https://www.theregister.com/2012/11/21/server_10_gigabit_ethernet/ 10 Gigabit Ethernet still too expensive on servers Timothy Prickett Morgan www.theregister.com 6 August 2023https://www.theregister.com/2013/01/03/2013_not_year_of_10gbe/ Soz, switch-fondlers: Doesn't look like 2013 is 10Gb Ethernet's year Trevor Pott Iain Thomson www.theregister.com 6 August 2023 In 2017, Apple made built-in 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard in their iMac Pro. By 2022, the price per port of 10GBASE‑T had dropped to $50–$100 depending on scale.https://www.fibermall.com/blog/10-gigabit-ethernet-switch.htm 10 Gigabit Ethernet Switch FiberMall April 24, 2025 13 May 2026 In 2023, Wi-Fi 7 routers began appearing with 10GbE WAN ports as standard. Standards Over the years the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group has published several standards relating to 10GbE. Standard Public ation year Description 802.3ae 2002https://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index.html IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force 2013-03-19 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over fiber for LAN (10GBASE-SR), WAN (10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-LX4), and SDH/SONET-compatible WAN (10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-EW) 802.3ak 2004 10GBASE-CX4 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over twinaxial cabling 802.3-2005 2005 A revision of base standard incorporating 802.3ae, 802.3ak and errata 802.3an 2006 10GBASE-T 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over copper twisted pair cable 802.3ap 2007 Backplane Ethernet, 1 and 10 Gbit/s over printed circuit boards (10GBASE-KR and 10GBASE-KX4) 802.3aq 2006 10GBASE-LRM 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over multi-mode fiber with enhanced equalization 802.3-2008 2008 A revision of base standard incorporating the 802.3an/ap/aq/as amendments, two corrigenda and errata. Link aggregation moved to 802.1AX. 802.3av 2009 10GBASE-PR 10 Gbit/s Ethernet PHY for EPON 802.3-2015 2015 The previous version of the base standard 802.3bz 2016 2.5 Gigabit and 5 Gigabit Ethernet over Cat-5/Cat-6 twisted pair – 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T 802.3-2018 2018 The previous version of the base standard 802.3ch 2020 Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s Automotive Electrical Ethernet (10GBASE-T1)802.3-2022July 2022 IEEE Standard for Ethernet https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9844436/ IEEE Std 802.3-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2018) 1–7025 10.1109/IEEESTD.2022.9844436 subscription 2022The latest version of the base standard incorporating previous amendments Physical layer modules thumb|upright=1.5|Closeup of a 10 Gigabit Ethernet XFP transceiver To implement different 10GbE physical layer standards, many interfaces consist of a standard socket into which different physical (PHY) layer modules may be plugged. PHY modules are not specified in an official standards body but by multi-source agreements (MSAs) that can be negotiated more quickly. Relevant MSAs for 10GbE include XENPAK (and related X2 and XPAK), XFP and SFP+. When choosing a PHY module, a designer considers cost, reach, media type, power consumption, and size (form factor). A single point-to-point link can have different MSA pluggable formats on either end (e.g., XPAK and SFP+) as long as the 10GbE optical or copper port type (e.g. 10GBASE-SR) supported by the pluggable is identical. XENPAK was the first MSA for 10GE and had the largest form factor. X2 and XPAK were later competing standards with smaller form factors. X2 and XPAK have not been as successful in the market as XENPAK. XFP came after X2 and XPAK, and it is also smaller. The 10-gigabit module standard is the Enhanced Small Form-factor Pluggable transceiver, generally called SFP+. Based on the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver and developed by the ANSI T11 fibre channel group, it is smaller still and lower power than XFP. SFP+ has become the most popular socket on 10GE systems.LightCounting's LightTrends April 2010 https://www.lightcounting.com/lighttrends/1004/ https://web.archive.org/web/20100514190722/http://www.lightcounting.com:80/lighttrends/1004/index.html May 14, 2010 3 May 2010https://www.nyquistcapital.com/2007/11/28/10gbe-and-sfp-this-time-its-different/ 10GbE Optical Component and SFP+ Modules: This Time It's Different by Andrew Schmitt 11 March 2008 SFP+ modules do only optical to electrical conversion, no clock and data recovery, putting a higher burden on the host's channel equalization. SFP+ modules share a common physical form factor with legacy SFP modules, allowing higher port density than XFP and the re-use of existing designs for 24 or 48 ports in a 19-inch rack width blade. Optical modules are connected to a host by either a XAUI, XFI or SerDes Framer Interface (SFI) interface. XENPAK, X2, and XPAK modules use XAUI to connect to their hosts. XAUI (XGXS) uses a four-lane data channel and is specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 47. XFP modules use an XFI interface, and SFP+ modules use an SFI interface. XFI and SFI use a single-lane data channel and the 64b/66b encoding specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49. SFP+ modules can further be grouped into two types of host interfaces: linear or limiting. Limiting modules are preferred except for long-reach applications using 10GBASE-LRM modules.http://lw.pennnet.com/display_article/317903/13/ARTCL/none/OTRAT/1/The-road-to-SFP+:-Examining-module-and-system-architectures/ https://web.archive.org/web/20080516214920/http://lw.pennnet.com/display_article/317903/13/ARTCL/none/OTRAT/1/The-road-to-SFP+:-Examining-module-and-system-architectures/ 2008-05-16 The road to SFP+: Examining module and system architectures Ryan Latchman Bharat Tailor Name Standard Status Media Con nec tor Trans ceiver module Reach (m) #Media Number of physical media (wires/fibres) needed for bidirectional traffic(⇆) #Lamb das Number of wavelengths used in each direction(→) #Lanes Number of lanes (on the wire/fibre) in each direction(→) Notes colspan="11" 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) - (Data rate: 10 Gbit/s - Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ - Line rate: 10.3125 GBd - Full-Duplex) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/interfaces_modules/transceiver_modules/compatibility/matrix/10GE_Tx_Matrix.html Cisco 10-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix Cisco 2018-08-19 2018-08-26https://www.networkworld.com/article/2231028/cisco-subnet/confused-by-10gbe-optics-modules-.html https://web.archive.org/web/20141003032326/http://www.networkworld.com/article/2231028/cisco-subnet/confused-by-10gbe-optics-modules-.html dead 3 October 2014 Confused by 10GbE optics modules? Network World 2010-06-12 2018-08-26http://www.fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com/types-of-10g-fiber-optic-transceivers.html Common 10G Fiber Transceiver: 10G XENPAK, 10G X2, 10G XFP, 10G SFP+ Blog of Fiber Transceivers 2013-06-18 2018-08-26 10GBASE-Kviolet X4 802.3ap-2007(CL48/71) legacy Cu-Backplane 1 4 N/A 4 PCBs;violet Line code: 8b/10b × NRZLine rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBd 10GBASE-KR 802.3ap-2007(CL49/72) current Cu-Backplane 1 1 1 1 PCBs 10GPASS-XR 802.3bn-2016(CL100-102) current Coax 1 1 1 EPON Protocol over Coax (EPoC) – up to 10 Gbit/s downstream and 1.6 Gbit/s upstream for a passive optical, point-to-multipoint network using passband OFDM with up to 16384-QAM 10GBASE-Cviolet X4 802.3ak-2004(CL48/54) legacy Twinaxialbalanced CX4 (SFF-8470)(IEC 61076-3-113)(IB) XENPAK https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/eos-eol-notice-c51-734289.html End-of-Sale and End-of-Life Announcement for the Cisco 10GBASE XENPAK Modules Cisco 2015-04-01 2018-08-26X2XFP 15 4 N/A 4 Data centers;violet Line code: 8b/10b × NRZLine rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBd 10GSFP+CuDirect Attach SFF-8431(2006) current Twinaxialbalanced,Fibre (AOC) SFP+(SFF-8431) SFP+ 715100 1 1 1 Data centers;Cable types: passive twinaxial (7 m), active (15 m), active optical (AOC): (100 m) 10GBASE-SRL rowspan="4" proprietary(non IEEE) rowspan="4" current rowspan="4" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="4" SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKX2XFP OM1: 11 2 1 1 OM2: 27 OM3: 100 OM4: 150 10GBASE-SR 802.3ae-2002(CL49/52) rowspan="4" current rowspan="4" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="4" SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKX2XPAKXFP OM1: 33 2 1 1 Modal bandwidth (reach): 160 MHz·km (26 m), 200 MHz·km (33 m),400 MHz·km (66 m), 500 MHz·km (82 m), 2000 MHz·km (300 m),4700 MHz·km (400 m) OM2: 82 OM3: 300 OM4: 400 10GBASE-LRM 802.3aq-2006(CL49/68) rowspan="2" current rowspan="2" Fibre#F88379 1300 nm rowspan="2" SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKX2 OM1: 220 2 1 1 Modal bandwidth: 500 MHz·km OS1 and OS2 up to 300 meter is supported by CiscoCisco Transceiver Modules - Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Data Sheet https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.html 2026-03-10 Cisco en and FSUbiquiti UF-MM-10G Compatible 10GBASE-LRM SFP+ 1310nm 220m DOM Duplex LC/UPC MMF/SMF Optical Transceiver Module https://www.fs.com/eu-en/products/200523.html 2026-03-10 www.fs.com, although not specified in the standard. OM3: 220 10GBASE-Lviolet X4 802.3ae-2002(CL48/53) rowspan="2" legacy rowspan="2" Fibre#F88379 1269.0 – 1282.4 nm1293.5 – 1306.9 nm1318.0 – 1331.4 nm1342.5 – 1355.9 nm rowspan="2" SC orange XENPAKX2 OM2: 300 2 4 4 WDM;https://www.ieee802.org/3/hssg/public/nov07/diminico_01_1107.pdf Network Topologies and Distances MC Communications 2007-11-14 2018-08-25violet Line code: 8b/10b × NRZLine rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBdModal bandwidth: 500 MHz·km OS2: 10k 10GBASE-Sskyblue W 802.3ae-2002(CL50/52) rowspan="4" current rowspan="4" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="4" SCLC SFP+XPAK OM1: 33 2 1 1 WAN;skyblue WAN-PHY;Line rate: 9.5846 GBddirect mapping as OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH streams.-ZW: -EW with higher performance optics OM2: 82 OM3: 300 OM4: 400 10GBASE-Lskyblue W 802.3ae-2002(CL50/52) current Fibre#F88379 1310 nm SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKXPAK OS2: 10k 2 1 1 10GBASE-Eskyblue W 802.3ae-2002(CL50/52) current rowspan="2" Fibre#F49AC2 1550 nm rowspan="2" SCLC SFP+ OS2: 40k 2 1 1 10GBASE-Zskyblue W proprietary(non IEEE) current OS2: 80k 10GBASE-LR 802.3ae-2002(CL49/52) current Fibre#F88379 1310 nm SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKX2XPAKXFP OS2: 10k 2 1 1 10GBASE-PR 802.3av-2009 current Fibredn2up: #F88379 1270 nmup2dn: #F49AC2 1577 nm SC SFP+XFP OS2: 20k 1 1 1 10G EPON 10GBASE-ER 802.3ae-2002(CL49/52) current rowspan="2" Fibre#F49AC2 1550 nm rowspan="2" SCLC SFP+orange XENPAKX2XFP OS2: 40k 2 1 1 10GBASE-ZR proprietary(non IEEE) current OS2: 80k -ER with higher performance optics +Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)Ethernet: The Definitive Guide 2nd Charles E. Spurgeon O'Reilly Media 2014 978-1-4493-6184-6 Name Standard Status Speed (Mbit/s) Pairs re quired Lanes per direc tion Spectral efficiency ((bit/s)/Hz) Line code Symbol rate per lane (MBd) Band width (MHz) Max dis tance (m) Cable Cable rating (MHz) Usage 10GBASE-T 802.3an-2006 (CL55) current 10,000 4 4 6.25 64b/65b PAM-16 128-DSQ, LDPC-FEC 800 400 100 Cat 6A 500 LAN, Data center 10GBASE-T1 blue 802.3ch-2020 (CL149) current 10,000 1 1 3.55 64b/65b PAM-4 RS-FEC 5,625 2,812.5 15 4,000 Automotive, IoT, M2M Optical fiber thumb|A Foundry Networks router with 10 Gigabit Ethernet optical interfaces (XFP transceiver). The yellow cables are single-mode duplex fiber optic connections. There are two basic types of optical fiber used for 10 Gigabit Ethernet: single-mode (SMF) and multi-mode (MMF).http://www.10gea.org/optical-fiber-10ge.htm Optical Fiber and 10 gigabit Ethernet white paper by the 10GEA https://web.archive.org/web/20080614015352/http://www.10gea.org/optical-fiber-10ge.htm 14 June 2008 dead dmy In SMF light follows a single path through the fiber while in MMF it takes multiple paths resulting in differential mode delay (DMD). SMF is used for long-distance communication and MMF is used for distances of less than 300 m. SMF has a narrower core (8.3 μm) which requires a more precise termination and connection method. MMF has a wider core (50 or 62.5 μm). The advantage of MMF is that it can be driven by a low cost Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) for short distances, and multi-mode connectors are cheaper and easier to terminate reliably in the field. The advantage of SMF is that it can work over longer distances.http://www.corning.com/docs/opticalfiber/cn0603.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20140730144831/http://www.corning.com/docs/opticalfiber/cn0603.pdf 2014-07-30 Why choose Multimode fiber? by Corning In the 802.3 standard, reference is made to FDDI-grade MMF fiber. This has a 62.5 μm core and a minimum modal bandwidth of 160 MHz·km at 850 nm. It was originally installed in the early 1990s for FDDI and 100BASE-FX networks. The 802.3 standard also references ISO/IEC 11801 which specifies optical MMF fiber types OM1, OM2, OM3 and OM4. OM1 has a 62.5 μm core while the others have a 50 μm core. At 850 nm the minimum modal bandwidth of OM1 is 200 MHz·km, of OM2 500 MHz·km, of OM3 2000 MHz·km and of OM4 4700 MHz·km. FDDI-grade cable is now obsolete and new structured cabling installations use either OM3 or OM4 cabling. OM3 cable can carry 10 Gigabit Ethernet 300 meters using low cost 10GBASE-SR optics.http://bicsi.org/Events/Conferences/Spring/2005/GeorgePRES.pdf 10 Gigabit Ethernet over Multimode Fiber by John George 10 March 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080910002014/http://bicsi.org/Events/Conferences/Spring/2005/GeorgePRES.pdf 10 September 2008 dead dmy-all OM4 can manage 400 meters.IEEE 802.3 52.5 PMD to MDI optical specifications for 10GBASE-S To distinguish SMF from MMF cables, SMF cables are usually yellow, while MMF cables are orange (OM1 & OM2) or aqua (OM3 & OM4). However, in fiber optics, there is no uniform color for any specific optical speed or technology, with the exception being the angled physical contact connector (APC), being an agreed-upon color of green.http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t33419-how-to-tell-mmf-or-smf.html How to tell? MMF or SMF 6 September 2011 30 October 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111030010446/http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t33419-how-to-tell-mmf-or-smf.html deadFebruary 2019 10GBASE-SR thumb|upright=1.5|A 10GBASE-SR SFP+ transceiver 10GBASE-SR ("short range") is a port type for multi-mode fiber and uses 850 nm lasers.https://books.google.com/books?id=gDzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA60 Windows Networking Tools: The Complete Guide to Management, Troubleshooting, and Security Held Gilbert 2016-04-19 CRC Press 9781466511071 en Its Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) is 64b/66b and is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd.IEEE 802.3 52.1.1.1.2 PMD_UNITDATA.request: When generated The range depends on the type of multi-mode fiber used.http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.3.html https://archive.today/20121205103819/http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.3.html dead 5 December 2012 IEEE 802.3 standardhttps://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps5455/ps6574/product_data_sheet0900aecd801f92aa.html Description of Cisco 10G optical modules 3 May 2010 Fibre type (micrometers) Range (m) FDDI-grade (62.5) 26 OM1 (62.5) 33 OM2 (50) 82 OM3 300 OM4 400 MMF has the advantage over SMF of having lower-cost connectors; its wider core requires less mechanical precision. The 10GBASE-SR transmitter is implemented with a VCSEL, which is low cost and low power. OM3 and OM4 optical cabling are sometimes described as laser optimized because they have been designed to work with VCSELs. 10GBASE-SR delivers the lowest cost, lowest power and smallest form factor optical modules. There is a lower cost, lower power variant sometimes referred to as 10GBASE-SRL (10GBASE-SR lite). This is inter-operable with 10GBASE-SR but only has a reach of 100 meters.https://www.arista.com/assets/data/pdf/Datasheets/Transceiver-Data-Sheet.pdf Optics Modules and Cables 2019-06-28 10GBASE-LR 10GBASE-LR (long reach) is a port type for single-mode fiber and uses 1310 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd. The 10GBASE-LR transmitter is implemented with a Fabry–Pérot or distributed feedback laser (DFB). DFB lasers are more expensive than VCSELs, but their high power and longer wavelength allow efficient coupling into the small core of single-mode fiber over greater distances.August 2015 Supported without citation in Distributed feedback laser 10GBASE-LR maximum fiber length is 10 kilometers, although this will vary depending on the type of single-mode fiber used. 10GBASE-LRM 10GBASE-LRM, (long reach multi-mode) originally specified in IEEE 802.3aq is a port type for multi-mode fiber and uses 1310 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 68. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd.IEEE 802.3 Table 68–3—10GBASE-LRM transmit characteristics 10GBASE-LRM uses electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) for receive equalization.http://lw.pennnet.com/display_article/249488/13/ARTCL/none/none/1/10GBase-LX4-vs-10GBase-LRM:-A-debate/ 10GBase-LX4 vs 10GBase-LRM: A debate https://archive.today/20090721023603/http://lw.pennnet.com/display_article/249488/13/ARTCL/none/none/1/10GBase-LX4-vs-10GBase-LRM:-A-debate/ 21 July 2009 dead 2009-07-16 dmy-all 10GBASE-LRM allows distances up to 220 m on FDDI-grade multi-mode fiber and the same 220 m maximum reach on OM1, OM2 and OM3 fiber types. 10GBASE-LRM reach is not quite as far as the older 10GBASE-LX4 standard. Some 10GBASE-LRM transceivers also allow distances up to 300 m on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652), however this is not part of the IEEE or MSA specification.IEEE 802.3 68.5 PMD to MDI optical specifications To ensure that specifications are met over FDDI-grade, OM1 and OM2 fibers, the transmitter should be coupled through a mode conditioning patch cord. No mode conditioning patch cord is required for applications over OM3 or OM4.https://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps5455/data_sheet_c78-455693.html Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Data Sheet Cisco Systems February 2012 2012-05-12 10GBASE-ER 10GBASE-ER (extended reach) is a port type for single-mode fiber and uses 1550 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd. The 10GBASE-ER transmitter is implemented with an externally modulated laser (EML). 10GBASE-ER has a reach of 40 km over engineered links and 30 km over standard links.http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps2797/ps5138/product_data_sheet09186a008007cd00_ps5251_Products_Data_Sheet.html Cisco 10GBASE XENPAK Modules Cisco Systems November 2011 2012-05-12 10GBASE-ZR Several manufacturers have introduced 80 km on on range under the name 10GBASE-ZR. This 80 km PHY is not specified within the IEEE 802.3ae standard and manufacturers have created their own specifications based upon the 80 km PHY described in the OC-192/STM-64 SDH/SONET specifications.https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.html Cisco Transceiver Modules - Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Data Sheet Cisco 6 August 2023 10GBASE-LX4 10GBASE-LX4 is a port type for multi-mode fiber and single-mode fiber. It uses four separate laser sources operating at 3.125 Gbit/s and Coarse wavelength-division multiplexing with four unique wavelengths around 1310 nm. Its 8b/10b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 48 and its Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer in Clause 53. 10GBASE-LX4 has a range of 10 km over SMF. It can reach 300 m over FDDI-grade, OM1, OM2 and OM3 multi-mode cabling.All these fiber types are specified to have a minimum modal bandwidth of 500 MHz·km at 1300 nm. In this case, it needs to be coupled through an SMF offset-launch mode-conditioning patch cord.subclauses 53.6 and 38.11.4 10GBASE-PR 10G-EPON Ethernet in the first mile 10GBASE-PR originally specified in IEEE 802.3av is a 10 Gigabit Ethernet PHY for passive optical networks and uses 1577 nm lasers in the downstream direction and 1270 nm lasers in the upstream direction. Its PMD sublayer is specified in Clause 75. Downstream delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s in a point-to-multipoint configuration. 10GBASE-PR has three power budgets specified as 10GBASE-PR10, 10GBASE-PR20 and 10GBASE-PR30.75.1.4 10GBASE-BR Multiple vendors introduced single-strand, bi-directional 10 Gbit/s optics capable of a single-mode fiber connection functionally equivalent to 10GBASE-LR or -ER, but using a single strand of fiber optic cable. Analogous to 1000BASE-BX10, this is accomplished using a passive prism inside each optical transceiver and a matched pair of transceivers using two different wavelengths such as 1270 and 1330 nm. Modules are available in varying transmit powers and reach distances ranging from 10 to 80 km.https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.pdf Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Cisco Systems 6 2020-09-28https://www.finisar.com/optical-transceivers/ftlx2071d3xx 10Gb/s Bidirectional 10km Gen2 SFP+ Optical Transceiver 2020-09-28 7 January 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170107062513/https://www.finisar.com/optical-transceivers/ftlx2071d3xx dead These advances were subsequently standardized in IEEE 802.3cp-2021 with reaches of 10, 20, or 40 km. Copper 10 Gigabit Ethernet can also run over twin-axial cabling, twisted pair cabling, and backplanes. 10GBASE-CX4 thumb|SFF-8470 connector 10GBASE-CX4 was the first 10 Gigabit copper standard published by 802.3 (as 802.3ak-2004). It uses the XAUI 4-lane PCS (Clause 48) and copper cabling similar to that used by InfiniBand technology with the same SFF-8470 connectors. It is specified to work up to a distance of 15 m on. Each lane carries 3.125 GBd of signaling bandwidth. 10GBASE-CX4 has been used for stacking switches.Dove Dan https://www.networkworld.com/article/884088/10gbase-cx4-lowers-10g-ethernet-cost.html 10GBase-CX4 lowers 10G Ethernet cost Network World 24 May 2004 19 December 2014 It offers the advantages of low power, low cost and low latency, but has a bigger form factor and more bulky cables than the newer single-lane SFP+ standard, and a much shorter reach than fiber or 10GBASE-T. This cable is fairly rigid and considerably more costly than Category 5/6 UTP or fiber. 10GBASE-CX4 applications are now commonly achieved using SFP+ Direct Attach and 2011 yes, shipments of 10GBASE-CX4 have been very low.http://communities.intel.com/community/openportit/server/blog/2011/06/20/10-gigabit-ethernet-update-another-serving-of-alphabet-soup Another Serving of Alphabet Soup — by Intel 4 September 2011 22 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110822010922/http://communities.intel.com/community/openportit/server/blog/2011/06/20/10-gigabit-ethernet-update-another-serving-of-alphabet-soup dead SFP+ direct attach Also known as direct attach (DA), direct attach copper (DAC), 10GSFP+Cu, https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-discussions-components-files/138/SFF_2D00_8431.pdf#page=117 SFF 8431. Specification for SFP+ High Speed Electrical Interface Small Form Factor Committee 12 February 2024 Ali Ghiasi 100ff 2013 sometimes also called 10GBASE-CR http://www.aristanetworks.com/en/products/transceiversandcables Cables and Transceivers Arista Networks 21 September 2012 or 10GBASE-CX1, although there are no IEEE standards with either of the two latter names. Short direct attach cables use a passive twinaxial cabling assembly while longer ones add some extra range using electronic amplifiers. These DAC types connect directly into an SFP+ housing. SFP+ direct attach has a fixed-length cable, up to 15 m for copper cables.http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/13286_div/13286_div.html HP X242 SFP+ Direct Attach Copper Cable Hewlett Packard 27 March 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20121014055430/http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/13286_div/13286_div.html 14 October 2012 dead dmy-all Like 10GBASE-CX4, DA is low-power, low-cost and low-latency with the added advantages of using less bulky cables and of having the small SFP+ form factor. SFP+ direct attach today is tremendously popular, with more ports installed than 10GBASE-SR. Backplane Backplane Ethernet, also known by the name of the task force that developed it, 802.3ap, is used in backplane applications such as blade servers and modular network equipment with upgradable line cards. 802.3ap implementations are required to operate over up to 1 m in of copper printed circuit board with two connectors. The standard defines two port types for 10 Gbit/s (10GBASE-KX4 and 10GBASE-KR) and a single 1 Gbit/s port type (1000BASE-KX). It also defines an optional layer for forward error correction, a backplane autonegotiation protocol and link training for 10GBASE-KR where the receiver tunes a three-tap transmit equalizer. The autonegotiation protocol selects between 1000BASE-KX, 10GBASE-KX4, 10GBASE-KR or 40GBASE-KR4 operation.40GBASE-KR4 is defined in 802.3ba.https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ap/index.html IEEE P802.3ap Backplane Ethernet Task Force 30 January 2011 10GBASE-KX4 This operates over four backplane lanes and uses the same physical layer coding (defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 48) as 10GBASE-CX4. 10GBASE-KR This operates over a single backplane lane and uses the same physical layer coding (defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49) as 10GBASE-LR/ER/SR. New backplane designs use 10GBASE-KR rather than 10GBASE-KX4. 10GBASE-T thumb|Intel X540-T2 10GBASE-T dual port NIC 10GBASE-T, or IEEE 802.3an-2006, is a standard released in 2006 to provide 10 Gbit/s connections over unshielded or shielded twisted pair cables, over distances up to 100 m.http://standards.ieee.org/cgi-bin/status?802.3an IEEE Standards Status Report for 802.3an 14 August 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070905012517/http://standards.ieee.org/cgi-bin/status?802.3an 5 September 2007 dead dmy-all Category 6A is required to reach the full distance and category 5e or 6 may reach up to 55 m depending on the quality of installation.https://www.andovercg.com/datasheets/arista-7100T_Datasheet.pdf 7100T Datasheet Arista Networks The Arista 7100T switches support 10GBASE-T over Category 6a cabling up to 100m, but also support Category 5e (Performance of 10GBASE-T over Cat-5e cabling is not specified in the standard and thus cannot be guaranteed. Field testing is recommended before deployment to establish the feasibility of using existing Cat-5e cabling.) and Category 6 cabling with distances up to 55m. 10GBASE-T cable infrastructure can also be used for 1000BASE-T allowing a gradual upgrade from 1000BASE-T using autonegotiation to select which speed is used. Due to additional line coding overhead, 10GBASE-T has a slightly higher latency (2 to 4 microseconds) in comparison to most other 10GBASE variants (1 microsecond or less). In comparison, 1000BASE-T latency is 1 to 12 microseconds (depending on packet sizeA maximum Gigabit Ethernet packet requires 12.2 μs for transfer (1526 × 8 ÷ 109) for store-and-forward; this adds to hardware latency.).http://download.intel.com/support/network/sb/intel_ethernet_10gbaset.pdf 2011-12-21 10GBASE-T for Broad 10 Gigabit Adoption in the Data Center Intelhttp://www.plxtech.com/files/pdf/support/10gbaset/whitepapers/10GBase-T_1000Base-T_Switches.pdf SWITCHES SWITCH FROM 1000BASE-T TO 10GBASE-T NOW October 2009 Teranetics 2011-12-21 10GBASE-T uses the IEC 60603-7 8P8C modular connectors already widely used with Ethernet. Transmission characteristics are now specified to 500 MHz. To reach this frequency Category 6A or better balanced twisted pair cables specified in ISO/IEC 11801 amendment 2 or ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 are needed to carry 10GBASE-T up to 100 m. Category 6 cables can carry 10GBASE-T for shorter distances when qualified according to the guidelines in ISO TR 24750 or TIA-155-A. The 802.3an standard specifies the wire-level modulation for 10GBASE-T to use Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) and pulse-amplitude modulation with 16 discrete levels (PAM-16), encoded in a two-dimensional checkerboard pattern known as DSQ128 sent on the line at 800 Msymbols/sec.IEEE 802.3-2012 55.1.3 Operation of 10GBASE-TUngerboeck Gottfried https://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/sqc/EL336/10GBASE-T.pdf 10GBASE-T: 10Gbit/s Ethernet over copper 22 September 2006 7 August 2013 Broadcom Vienna Prior to precoding, forward error correction (FEC) coding is performed using a [2048,1723]2 low-density parity-check code on 1723 bits, with the parity check matrix construction based on a generalized Reed–Solomon [32,2,31] code over GF(26). Another 1536 bits are uncoded. Within each 1723+1536 block, there are 1+50+8+1 signaling and error detection bits and 3200 data bits (and occupy 320 ns on the line). In contrast, PAM-5 is the modulation technique used in 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet. The line encoding used by 10GBASE-T is the basis for the newer and slower 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standard, implementing a 2.5 or 5.0 Gbit/s connection over existing category 5e or 6 cabling.https://www.ieee802.org/3/bz/ngeabt_objectives_802.3WG_approved_0315.pdf IEEE 802.3 NGEABT Objectives approved by IEEE 802.3, March 12, 2015 6 August 2023 Cables that will not function reliably with 10GBASE-T may successfully operate with 2.5GBASE-T or 5GBASE-T if supported by both ends. 10GBASE-T1 10GBASE-T1 is for automotive applications and operates over a single balanced pair of conductors up to 15 m long, and is standardized in 802.3ch-2020. IEEE Std 802.3ch-2020: Multi-Gig Automotive Ethernet PHY https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy Valerie Maguire 2020-06-04 11 August 2021 11 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210811133418/https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy dead WAN PHY (10GBASE-W) At the time that the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard was developed, interest in 10GbE as a wide area network (WAN) transport led to the introduction of a WAN PHY for 10GbE. The WAN PHY was designed to interoperate with OC-192/STM-64 SDH/SONET equipment using a lightweight SDH/SONET frame running at 9.953 Gbit/s. The WAN PHY operates at a slightly slower data rate than the local area network (LAN) PHY. The WAN PHY can drive maximum link distances up to 80 km depending on the fiber standard employed. The WAN PHY uses the same 10GBASE-S, 10GBASE-L and 10GBASE-E optical PMDs as the LAN PHYs and is designated as 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW or 10GBASE-EW. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 clause 49 and its PMD sublayers in clause 52. It also uses a WAN interface sublayer (WIS) defined in clause 50, which adds extra encapsulation to format the frame data to be compatible with SONET STS-192c. Notes See also 20em 10G Fiber-optic cable GG45 List of interface bit rates Optical communication Parallel optical interface TERA XAUI References https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3/7071/ IEEE 802.3-2018 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet External links Ethernet Alliance website World's First Independent 10GBASE-T Comparative Test Study Category:Ethernet standards