1950 Brazilian general election

none Brazil 1889 3 October 1950 yes President 1945 Brazilian presidential election 1945 1955 Brazilian presidential election 1955 130x130px presidential Getúlio Vargas 17 - Getúlio Dorneles Vargas 1951 (cropped).jpg Brazilian Labour Party (historical) 3,849,040 48.73% Eduardo Gomes Eduardo Gomes, Brigadeiro (cropped).tif National Democratic Union (Brazil) 2,342,384 29.66% Cristiano Machado Cristiano Machado vota na eleição presidencial de 1950 (cropped).tif Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) 1,697,193 21.49% President Eurico Gaspar Dutra Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) President-elect Getúlio Vargas Brazilian Labour Party (historical) 1950_Brazilian Election Map by Winning Canidate Percentage.svg Results by state yes Vice president 130x130px presidential Café Filho Café Filho (cropped).jpg Social Progressive Party 2,520,790 35.76% Odilon Braga Odilon braga fotografia large (cropped).jpg National Democratic Union (Brazil) 2,344,841 33.26% Altino Marques Suf46bus large (cropped).jpg PR 1,649,309 23.40% Vice President Nereu Ramos Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) President-elect Café Filho Social Progressive Party yes 1947 1954 Chamber of Deputies All 304 seats in the Chamber of Deputies Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) Nereu Ramos 26.99 112 151 National Democratic Union (Brazil) Prado Kelly 16.99 81 81 Brazilian Labour Party (historical) Getúlio Vargas 16.47 51 22 Social Progressive Party Adhemar de Barros 7.29 24 new PR Artur Bernardes 2.82 11 9 National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945–1965) 2.75 5 new PST 2.13 9 new Labour Republican Party pt Partido Republicano Trabalhista PRT 0.96 1 new PRP Plínio Salgado 0.94 2 2 PDC 0.74 2 2 PL 0.72 5 1 Brazilian Socialist Party 0.48 1 new yes 1947 1954 Federal Senate 22 seats in the Federal Senate Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) Nereu Ramos 15.45 6 25 Brazilian Labour Party (historical) Otávio Mangabeira 10.45 5 3 National Democratic Union (Brazil) Prado Kelly 9.62 4 12 PR Artur Bernardes 7.27 2 0 Social Progressive Party Adhemar de Barros 6.72 3 0 PST 1.62 1 new Brazilian Socialist Party 0.20 1 new General elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1950.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p173 978-0-19-928358-3 The presidential elections were won by Getúlio Vargas of the Brazilian Labour Party, whilst the Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, although they lost their majority in the former. Voter turnout was 72% in the presidential and Chamber elections and 78% in the Senate elections.Nohlen, pp191-232 Background After living in self-imposed exile in his Riograndense ranch between his overthrow in 1945 and 1950, former President Getúlio Vargas, who had already been elected a senator in 1945, decided to run for the presidency, as the candidate of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), one of the two he founded before he was deposed in October 1945, putting an end to his 15-year dictatorship. Vargas, although in exile, remained active on the sidelines of Brazilian politics during the presidency of his former War Minister, Eurico Gaspar Dutra. He notably criticized his successor's economic policies, taking a hard nationalist and populist tone which appealed to the base of the PTB, organized labour. In April 1950, the Social Democratic Party, also pro-Vargas but based more around industrialists and state political machines, rejected the idea of forming a coalition with the PTB or the UDN and decided to run its own candidate. They nominated Cristiano Machado, a little-known congressman for Minas Gerais. However, Vargas was able to forge an alliance with a number of PSD state leaders, notably in his own state of Rio Grande do Sul and in Rio de Janeiro. In Pernambuco, he even forged an alliance with his traditional rivals, the UDN. This phenomenon - to nominate a candidate and support another - became known as "Cristianization" in Brazil after it came at the expense of Cristiano Machado. In the state of São Paulo, he forged an alliance with Adhemar de Barros' Social Progressive Party (PSP), a populist electoral machine which dominated state politics. The PSP was the only other party to officially endorse him, and provided him with his running-mate (who was separately elected), João Café Filho. Vargas also assured himself of the support, or at least approval, of the military which had deposed him in 1945. He reconciled himself with the dominant figure of the military then, Góis Monteiro, who had played a role in his 1945 overthrow.Skidmore, TE: Politics in Brazil: 1930-1964, page 75. Oxford University Press, 2007. The center-right National Democratic Union (UDN), noted for its radical anti-Vargas posture, once again nominated Eduardo Gomes as its candidate. The party proved woefully unable to expand its narrow electoral base, and not even the anti-Vargas rhetoric of 1945 could deliver more votes. The UDN and Gomes also proved their little comprehension of the evolving Brazilian political scene by supporting abolishing the minimum wage instituted in Vargas' past administration.Skidmore, TE: Politics in Brazil: 1930-1964, page 77. Oxford University Press, 2007. During the Eurico Gaspar Dutra administration, the Brazilian Communist Party had its license revoked by the Superior Electoral Court in the context of the early Cold War. Communists oriented their followers not to vote, but a significant share of them voted on Vargas. Presidential candidates Former President Getúlio Vargas of Rio Grande do Sul (PTB) Former Air Minister Eduardo Gomes of Rio de Janeiro (UDN) Congressman Cristiano Machado of Minas Gerais (PSD) João Mangabeira (PSB) Results President Vargas won a convincing victory, with 48.7% of the vote and close to an absolute majority of votes cast. Despite the UDN's claim that he was not constitutionally elected (they claimed that a candidate needed an absolute majority of the votes), Vargas was inaugurated President on 31 January 1951.Skidmore, TE: Politics in Brazil: 1930-1964, page 101. Oxford University Press, 2007. As of 2023, this remains the last time that the bellwether state of Minas Gerais did not vote for the winner of the election. Getúlio Vargas Brazilian Labour Party 3849040 Eduardo Gomes National Democratic Union 2342384 Cristiano Machado Social Democratic Party 1697193 João Mangabeira Brazilian Socialist Party 9466 356906 11455149 Nohlen Vice president Café Filho PSP–PTB 2520790 Odilon Braga National Democratic Union 2344841 Altino Arantes Marques Republican Party 1649309 Vitorino Freire Social Labour Party 524079 Alípio Correia Neto pt Brazilian Socialist Party 10800 1205170 11455149 DMDM Chamber of Deputies Social Democratic Party 2068405 112 National Democratic Union 1301489 81 Brazilian Labour Party 1262000 51 Social Progressive Party 558792 24 PSD–PRP–PST 245543 – UDN–PR–PSP–PDC–PSB 240537 – Republican Party 216207 11 National Labor Party 211090 5 UDN–PR–PRP–PDC–PTB–PL 176432 – Social Labour Party 163341 9 PSD–PL 144024 – UDN–PST 103368 – UDN–PR 110733 – PSD–PR–PSP 94630 – UDN–PSP–PL–PST 86326 – PTB–PSP 84467 – UDN–PR–PST–PRP–PL 83530 – Labour Republican Party pt Partido Republicano Trabalhista 73501 1 Popular Representation Party 72397 2 UDN–PSD–PR–PL–PSP–PTB 67983 – Christian Democratic Party 56965 2 Liberator Party 55338 5 Brazilian Socialist Party 36638 1 Others 148477 0 578783 11445149 Nohlen Senate Social Democratic Party 1204349 6 Brazilian Labour Party 814796 5 National Democratic Union 749989 4 Republican Party 566520 2 Social Progressive Party 524261 3 Popular Representation Party 244769 0 Social Labour Party 126437 1 Liberator Party 88614 0 Orienting Labour Party 56180 0 Labour Republican Party pt Partido Republicano Trabalhista 46325 0 Brazilian Socialist Party 15458 1 Others 3358438 0 1084313 11427441 Nohlen References Brazil General Category:Parliamentary elections in Brazil Category:Presidential elections in Brazil Brazil Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results Category:Getúlio Vargas