1441

1441 the Security Council Resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 250px|thumb|September 19: French Army recaptures Pontoise, English fortress near Paris, after three-month siege. 1441 250px|thumb|August 26: Ethiopian Christians arrive at Council of Florence to join the nations represented (From Procession of the Magi by Benozzo Gozzoli (1459)) 1441 Events January–March January 20 – The siege of Tartas in France is temporarily halted when Charles II of Albret, against whom residents of Gascony are campaigning, and the commander of the English forces, Sir Thomas Rempston, agree to a three-month truce. Piraud 2010 Claude-Henri Les armistices de 1441 en Guyenne Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique du Périgord fr 137 34 1141-135X https://www.academia.edu/13216649 Piraud 2010, p. 34. February 7 – Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: In Ming dynasty China, the Vice Minister of Justice, He Wenyuan, petitions the Imperial Court not to make a second punitive campaign against the kingdom of Möng Mao and its ruler, Si Renfa, arguing that the nation's resources should not be wasted on worthless land. The Minister of War, Wang Ji, joins with General Mu Ang in arguing that Si Renfa should be stopped before he conquers more territory. The Emperor authorizes the second campaign.Foon Ming Liew The Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436–1449) in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography 1996 Oriens Extremus 39 2 176 24047471 February 12 – King's College, Cambridge, is founded by King Henry VI of England.'The colleges and halls: King's', in A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge, ed. J P C Roach (London, 1959), pp. 376-408. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/cambs/vol3/pp376-408 [accessed 5 February 2021] February 24 – The Republic of Venice annexes the seigniory of Ravenna, ending the da Polenta Dynasty. Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi , Italian Republics, Or, the Origin, Progress and Fall of Italian Freedom (A. and W. Galignani, 1841) p.227 ("Venice had acquired by treachery, on the 24th of February, 144, the principality of Ravenna, governed for 166 years by the house of Polenta.") February 25 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg , widow of the late King Albert of Hungary presents the Crown of St. Stephen to Frederick, King of Germany and invites him to take the throne, although Hungary's nobles had elected King Władysław III of Poland as King Laszlo of Hungary. February 27 – Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: The second campaign against the Mong Mao state is launched. March 1 – Battle of Samobor: The army of Ulrich II, Count of Celje, defeats the army of Stjepan Banić at Samobor, Croatia in union with Hungary. March 17 – The Swiss Canton of Bern intervenes to block an agreement between the Canton of Zürich that would have ceded the town of Grüningen to the Habsburg family of Germany. March 19 – Isidore of Kiev, the Russian Orthodox Church Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia, returns to his home in Moscow after having attended the Council of Florence, where he agreed to unify the Russian Church with the Roman Catholic Church. When he arrives, he is arrested on the order of Grand Prince Vasily II and imprisoned under minimum security.Fennell John John Lister Illingworth Fennell A History of the Russian Church to 1488 14 January 2014 Routledge 179–181 978-1-317-89720-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=fBitAgAAQBAJ en April–June April 1 – Prince Carlos of Viana legally becomes the King of Navarre in Spain upon the death of his mother, Queen Blanca, who had ruled since 1425. April 20 — The Council of Florence, led by Pope Eugene IV, declares that the members of the Council of Basel are heretics and votes to excommunicate them, as well as affirming the superiority of the Pope over the Councils in the bull Etsi non dubitemus. In 1440, the Council of Basel had declared Eugene IV to be a heretic, deposed him as Pope, and excommunicated him. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Oxford University Press 2005 978-0-19-280290-3 Florence, Council of. April 26 — Pope Eugene IV orders the transfer of the Council of Florence to RomeMandell Creighton, A History of the Papacy During the Period of the Reformation]. Volume 2. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1882) pp. 217–220 May 3 – In Denmark, a rebel army of 25,000 peasants led by Henrik Reventlow repels an attack by Swedish nobles, led by Eske Jensen Brock. The peasants prepare a trap near their camp at St. Jørgensbjerg before the Battle of St. Jorgen's Hill, placing trees and soil over a swamp, and Brock's army of knights becomes mired down, where almost all (including Brock) are slaughtered. http://denstoredanske.dk/Dansk_Biografisk_Leksikon/Landbrug,_skovbrug_og_gartneri/Godsejer/Henrik_Tagesen_Reventlow Eske Brock, d. 1441 18 July 2011 Den Store Danske June 1, 2018 https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0090.html Brock, Eske Jensen Den Store Danske June 1, 2018 May 8 – The Siege of Creil is Started on orders of King Charles VII of France against the English held town and council. William Peyto surrenders on May 25.Barker Juliet R. V. Conquest : the English kingdom of France in the Hundred Years War Abacus London 2010 287 978-0-349-12202-1 registration https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark June 6 – The siege of Pontoise is started by with 5,000 troops led by King Charles VII of France and Arthur de Richemont, Duke of Brittany, to capture a 1,200 member English Army garrison located on the Île-de-France near Paris.Barker Juliet R. V. Conquest: The English kingdom of France in the Hundred Years War Abacus London 2010 287–292 978-0-349-12202-1 registration https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark The siege continues for three months until the garrison surrenders. June 7 – The University of Bordeaux is established by Pope Eugene IV while Bordeaux is under the control of France.Ressources https://www.u-bordeaux.fr/universite/espace-presse/Ressources-presse Université de Bordeaux 27 February 2024 4 June 2022 4 June 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220604024420/https://www.u-bordeaux.fr/universite/espace-presse/Ressources-presse live Closed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it will reopen in 1896 and continue to be in existence 280 years later. June 27 – The siege of Novo Brdo in Serbia ends after eight months as Ottoman Empire troops, led by the Sultan Murad II and General Hadım Şehabeddin guarantee the safe evacuation of the surviving Ragusan defenders, accept the Serbian surrender.Setton Kenneth M. Kenneth M. Setton Hazard Harry W. Zacour Norman P. A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe https://books.google.com/books?id=TKaPrQPFIAMC&pg=PA267 1 June 1990 Univ of Wisconsin Press 267 978-0-299-10744-4 July–September July 12 ((Kakitsu 1, 24th day of the 6th month) – In Japan, the Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshinori is murdered by Akamatsu Mitsusuke, who is upset that Ashikaga has made Akamatsu Sadaura leader of the Akamatsu clan. Over the next 16 days, several prominent nobles allied with Ashikaga are killed during the fighting including Kyōgoku Takakazu, the Shugo of Yamashiro Province and Ōuchi Mochiyo (1394–1441), the head of the Ōuchi clan. After the fighting ceases, Yoshinori's 8-year-old son, Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, is proclaimed as the new shōgun.Titsingh, p. 339; Nussbaum, "Kaikitsu-no-hen" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 456. July 23 – Abū r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān al-Mustakfī bi-Llāh, or Al-Mustakfi II, becomes the new Caliph of Cairo upon the death of his father, Al-Mu'tadid II.Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.136. Scarecrow Press. 0810861615. August 15 – King Afonso V of Portugal, the 9-year-old monarch since the 1438 death of his father, King Duarte, is formally betrothed to his cousin, Isabel of Coimbra, aged 10, as part of an arranged marriage planned by Isabel's father Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, the King's regent. Their marriage does not take place until almost six years later, on May 6, 1447. August 26 – Bishop Alberto da Sarteano, who had been sent by the Vatican on a mission to seek the Ethiopian Coptic Christian Church to join with the Roman Catholic Church, returns to Rome with four Ethiopians who had been allowed to leave by the Emperor Zara Yaqob.https://books.google.com/books?id=Dg-8ZOeBqcYC&dq=Coucil+Florence+Ethiopians&pg=PA81 The European Outthrust and Encounter: The First Phase C.1400-c.1700 : Essays in Tribute to David Beers Quinn on His 85th Birthday David B. Quinn Cecil H. Clough P. E. H. Hair Paul Edward Hedley Hair Jan 1, 1994 Liverpool University Press 9780853232292 Dec 27, 2022 Google Books Two of the visitors the attend the Council of Florence to discuss the possible union of Coptic Orthodoxy and the Latin Church, marking the earliest recorded contact of the Ethiopian Coptic Church with Europe. September 6 – The Dutch–Hanseatic War concludes with the Treaty of Copenhagen.Historical Tables, 58 BC–AD 1985, by S. H. Steinberg · 1986) p.97 ("1441, Sept. 6: Peace of Copenhagen between Hansa and Holland."Ernst Robert Daenell, Die blütezeit der deutschen Hanse (Walter de Gruyter, 1905) p.320 ("Am 6. September 1441 wurde der Vertrag zwischen beiden geschlossen, in dem die Hollander den Presussen und Livlandern als Enstschadigung fur die Wegnahme der 22 Schiffe im Jarhre 1438...")("On 6 September 1441, the treaty was concluded between the two, in which the Dutch offered the Prussians and Livonians compensation for the capture of the 22 ships in 1438...") 150px|thumb|King Cristoffer of Sweden September 13 — The coronation of King Christopher II of Denmark as King Cristoffer of Sweden takes place in Uppsala. September 15 – The Metropolitan Isidore of Kiev is allowed by Grand Prince Vasily II to escape from imprisonment in Moscow, along with two of his disciples, Gregory the Bulgarian and Afanasy. He flees to Tver and then to Novogrudok and eventually to Rome. September 19 – The siege of Pontoise ends after four months, following a three-day final assault led by Marshal André de Laval-Montmorency and Jean de Bueil, Count of Sancerre of the French Army. More than 400 of the English defenders are killed, and hundreds of survivors taken prisoner, including their commander, Baron Clinton. Because Pontoise was not surrendered, the property of the survivors is seized by the French and Clinton and most of his officers are held hostage until a ransom is paid. The English soldiers are not ransomed and are drowned in public instead. October–December October 2 – (16 Jumada I, 845 AH) In what is now Saudi Arabia, Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ajlan is appointed as the new Emir of Mecca by the Mamluk Sultanate and his brother Barakat ibn Hasan is deposed, but the news does not reach Barakat for nearly two months.al-Ghāzī ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Duhaysh ar:إفادة الأنام Ifādat al-anām 2009 Maktabat al-Asadī Makkah 292–293 1st Arabic 3 October 4 – Pope Eugene IV issues a papal bull to recognize the Order of St Ambrose.Ambrosians yes October 25 – In accordance with the proposals for the Peace of Cremona to end the war between Venice and Milan, Francesco I Sforza of Venice marries Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the Duke of Milan. An Italian tradition credits the creation of nougat to the celebration of the wedding.January 1, 2016 Storia del mandorlato Torronificio Scaldaferro http://www.scaldaferro.it/laboratorio/storia-del-mandorlato/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20160101120143/http://www.scaldaferro.it/laboratorio/storia-del-mandorlato/ January 1, 2016 January 28, 2021 it November 10 – Alfonso V of Aragon lays siege to Naples. November 20 – The Peace of Cremona (1441) ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan. Hazlitt W. Carew The Venetian Republic: Its Rise, its Growth, and its Fall, 421–1797. Volume II, 1423–1797 1900 Adam and Charles Black London https://archive.org/details/venetianrepubli02hazlgoog 79–80 November 29 – (14 Rajab 845 AH) Barakat ibn Hasan learns that he is deposed as Emir of Mecca and leaves that evening. December 3 – King Henry VI summons the members of the English Parliament to assemble at Westminster on January 25. December 16 – (2 Sha'ban 845 AH) Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ajlan takes office as the new Emir of Mecca. Date unknown Ouagadougou becomes the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms. A revolt occurs in the Mayan nation of Mayapan; the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states. With the help of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, governor Hacı I Giray declares his province independent of the Golden Horde and establishes the Crimean Khanate. Nuno Tristão reaches the Ras Nouadhibou (Cabo Branco) on the western coast of Africa. This is probably the first voyage where a caravel is used for maritime exploration. The first enslaved black Africans are brought to Europe at Lagos in the Kingdom of Portugal. Births February 9 – Ali-Shir Nava'i, Central Asian poet, politician and writer (d. 1501) March 24 – Ernest, Elector of Saxony, German ruler of Saxony (d. 1486) June 25 – Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (1478–1484) (d. 1484) June 27 – John III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, German nobleman (d. 1480) July 23 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457) November 11 – Charlotte of Savoy, French queen (d. 1483) Deaths March 8 – Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria April 1 – Blanche I of Navarre, Queen of Navarre (1425–1441) and Regent of Sicily (1404–1405 and 1408–1415) June 14 – Corrado IV Trinci, former lord of Foligno July 9 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painterJan van Eyck Peter Russell Delphi Complete Works of Jan van Eyck (Illustrated) https://books.google.com/books?id=h6_1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT464 6 August 2020 Delphi Classics 978-1-913487-28-7 464 July 12 – Kyōgoku Takakazu, Japanese noble and vassal of Ashikaga Yoshinori July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (b. 1394) September 25 – Akamatsu Mitsusuke, Japanese samurai October 24 – Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1434) October 27 – Margery Jourdemayne, Englishwoman executed for treasonable witchcraft November 18 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancerJane Kelsall Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, 1391-1447 https://books.google.com/books?id=UwYXAQAAIAAJ 2000 Fraternity of the Friends of Saint Albans Abbey 978-0-9506829-6-9 9 December 26 – Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (b. 1383) References