1955 riots at the Pakistani embassy and consulates in Afghanistan

Part of the Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflict 1955 riots at the Pakistani embassy and consulates in Afghanistan Kingdom of Afghanistan 31 October 1955 the Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflict center Afghanistan Afghanistan Kabul left 34.53 69.18 Afghanistan Jalalabad right 34.43 70.45 Afghanistan Kandahar left 31.62 65.72 Embassy of Pakistan, KabulConsulates of Pakistan, Jalalabad and Kandahar Riot, arson Creation of the One Unit Scheme by the Dominion of Pakistan and Afghanistan's non-recognition of the Durand Line February 2024 February 2024 On 31 October 1955, a large crowd of Afghan rioters attacked the Pakistani embassy in Kabul and the Pakistani consulates in Jalalabad and Kandahar after being angered by the Pakistani government's amalgamation of the North-West Frontier Province (and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas) into West Pakistan, which was created by the One Unit Scheme. Tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan had existed since the latter was created through the partition of India in August 1947, as Afghanistan refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Durand Line, which Pakistan recognized as the international border between the two countries; Pakistan's modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is perceived by many as an integral part of the Pashtun homeland, and was therefore contested by Afghanistan for much of the 20th century. The Afghan government itself castigated Pakistan's One Unit Scheme, prompting Pakistan to terminate diplomatic ties with the country.15 January 2024 Pashtunistan https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/pashtunistan-1947.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20230811005053/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/pashtunistan-1947.htm 11 August 2023 www.globalsecurity.org1955-04-01 PAKISTAN DEMANDS AFGHANS APOLOGIZE https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/01/archives/pakistan-demands-afghans-apologize.html 2024-01-15 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331Chaudhri Mohammed Ahsen 1955 The Relations of Pakistan with Afghanistan https://www.jstor.org/stable/41392191 Pakistan Horizon 8 4 494–504 41392191 0030-980XDaveed Gartenstein-Ross Tara VassefiDaveed The Forgotten History of Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations - PDF Free Download https://docplayer.net/21438154-The-forgotten-history-of-afghanistan-pakistan-relations.html https://web.archive.org/web/20240116105943/https://docplayer.net/21438154-The-forgotten-history-of-afghanistan-pakistan-relations.html 16 January 2024 2024-01-16 docplayer.net Background Afghanistan–Pakistan relations The relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan were strained since Pakistan gained its independence from United Kingdom with the partition of British India in August 1947. After the partition, the Kingdom of Afghanistan was the only nation to vote against the Dominion of Pakistan's admittance as a recognized sovereign state to the UN.Pakistan and Afghanistan http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan Institute for the Study of War Following Pakistan's independence, Afghanistan sent operatives to operate in the country's northwest, giving away a substantial sum of money, weapons, and transistor radios to try and win over the local populous of Pakistanis to Afghanistan.Gartenstein-Ross Daveed Vassefi Tara February 22, 2012 The Forgotten History of Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations https://www.yalejournal.org/publications/the-forgotten-history-of-afghanistan-pakistan-relations 20 June 2022 Yale Journal of International Affairs Durand Line dispute Moreover, Afghanistan did not recognize the Durand Line, which is the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and which Pakistan inherited after the partition of India. Relations between the two countries worsened, and Afghanistan started funding proxies and initiating regular skirmishes with Pakistan along the border.Hilali A. Z. https://books.google.com/books?id=gEErDwAAQBAJ&dq=afghanistan+pakistan+1952&pg=PA47 US–Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Taylor & Francis 2017 978-0-7546-4220-6 42–47 20 June 2022 Google Books The two states' relations drastically worsened in 1951, when Afghan national Said Akbar Babrak assassinated the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, in Rawalpindi during a public rally.15 August 2018 A tale of 'political martyrs' in Pakistan https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/08/15/a-tale-of-political-martyrs-in-pakistan/ Pakistan Today Events On 30 March 1955, a pro-Pashtunistan group attacked the embassy and the ambassador's residence. They also tore down the Pakistani flag, to protest against the unification of the Pashtun-dominated North-West Frontier Province into West Pakistan as part of the One Unit policy.Crews Robert D. https://books.google.com/books?id=f6_SCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182 Afghan Modern: The History of a Global Nation 2015 Harvard University Press 9780674286092 182 The protestors were stirred up by the Afghan Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan and bussed to the site. The Afghan police did not intervene.Mohib Ullah Durani Ashraf Khan Pakistan - Afghan Relations: Historic Mirror https://qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/4_1/02_ashraf.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135028/https://qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/4_1/02_ashraf.pdf 11 August 2021 qurtuba.edu.pk The following day, Pakistan's consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad were also assaulted. Aftermath Pakistani anti-Afghan riots Pakistanis in Peshawar reacted by attacking the Afghan consulate in the city. The Pakistani police intervened, and the Pakistani government blamed Afghan dissidents and severed diplomatic relations. Afghanistan issued an order for the general mobilization of its soldiers and declared a state of emergency on May 6, 1955. Both the Afghan consulate in Pakistan and the Pakistani consulate in Afghanistan were already closed. Bilateral negotiations Mediation was proposed in response to the escalation of hostilities by the Americans, British, Egyptians, Iraqis, Turks, and Saudis. Afghanistan favored Saudi Arabia in a leading role, and mediation was accepted by both nations; Pakistan insisted during the meeting that it would not discuss Pakhtoonistan. Afghanistan also consented to not pursue it. It was declared on May 17. King Saud's uncle, Prince Abdul Rahman, visited Karachi (Pakistan's erstwhile capital city) and Kabul and held meetings with the two governments. He was successful in getting Afghanistan to concede to Pakistan's primary requests, though the Afghan delegation continued to promote a Pakhtoonistan-oriented foreign policy towards Pakistan. Bilateral relations were not restored until 1957.FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1955–1957, SOUTH ASIA, VOLUME VIII https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v08/d90 https://web.archive.org/web/20100213084551/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v08/d90 13 February 2010 15 January 2024 history.state.govt/ See also Pakistan Afghanistan 1950s Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan (1951) Bajaur Campaign (1960–1961) Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954) Waziristan campaign (1936–1939) Pashtunistan Bannu Resolution References Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions in Afghanistan Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions in Pakistan Category:Terrorist incidents in Kabul Category:1955 in Afghanistan Category:20th century in Kabul Category:Kingdom of Afghanistan Category:Anti-Pakistan sentiment Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan conflict Category:1955 in Pakistan Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1955 Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Kabul Category:1955 in international relations Category:1955 riots Category:Riots and civil disorder in Afghanistan Category:20th-century political riots Category:Arson in Asia Category:Arson in the 1950s Category:1955 fires Category:Building and structure arson attacks in Asia Category:History of Jalalabad Category:History of Kandahar Category:October 1955 in Asia