2004

June 2023 2004 Portal:Current events/ border:none;b 3/3/3 US Navy 050102-N-9593M-040 A village near the coast of Sumatra lays in ruin after the Tsunami that struck South East Asia.jpg Mark Zuckerberg - 3481555455.jpg NASA Mars Rover.jpg Olympic flame at opening ceremony.jpg Atentados madrid.jpg EU25-2004 European Union map enlargement.svg NintendoDS Warm.jpg Beslan zdanie shkoly 1.JPG Venus Transit 2004.JPG 271 From left to right, top to bottom: A tsunami, caused by a massive 9.1-9.3 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, kills over 227,000 people, making it one of the worst natural disasters in recorded history. Facebook, originally called TheFacebook, is launched by Mark Zuckerberg. NASA lands the Opportunity and Spirit rovers on Mars. The 2004 Summer Olympics are held in Athens. Multiple trains were bombed by Al-Qaeda in Madrid, killing 193 people. The European Union adds 10 new member-states. The Nintendo DS, the second best-selling handheld game console, is released. 334 people are killed in the Beslan school siege, carried out by Chechen insurgents. The 2004 transit of Venus, the first such occurrence since 1882. 2004 2004 2004 Global politics was focused on the American occupation of Iraq and the Iraqi insurgency. The United States transferred control to the Iraqi Interim Government, and former ruler Saddam Hussein was put on trial for crimes against humanity. American involvement became more controversial as it was shown that American soldiers were committing acts of torture against Iraqi prisoners and doubts grew about whether American claims of an Iraqi weapons of mass destruction program were accurate. Afghanistan held its first presidential election, which was won by Hamid Karzai. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti was overthrown in a coup, and President Yasser Arafat of Palestine died in office. The International Criminal Court commenced operations and opened its first two investigations. NATO grew by seven members in 2004 and the European Union grew by ten. The nuclear weapons programs of Iran and North Korea saw renewed attention, especially after a suspected weapons test in North Korea. The economy grew steadily in 2004, especially in the developing world, and the developed world tightened monetary policy and raised interest rates. The United States dollar depreciated throughout the year. Gay rights remained a major issue among Protestant denominations, while Islam wrestled with the violence of Islamism. The spread of H5N1 avian influenza led to fears of a pandemic, but the total number of cases remained small. Russia's Soyuz program was the only crewed space program in 2004, but NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers landed on Mars in January. The debate over stem cell usage remained a major controversy in science. A new prehistoric human species, Homo floresiensis, was discovered in 2004. The year's most destructive tropical storms included Hurricane Jeanne, Typhoon Rananim, Typhoon Muifa and Typhoon Nanmadol. The final days of 2004 were defined by a magnitude 9.1 earthquake that struck Indonesia and affected countries across the Indian Ocean, killing approximately 230,000 people. The 2004 Summer Olympics were held in their birthplace of Athens, Greece, where the United States won the most gold medals. Shrek 2 was the highest grossing film of the year and Confessions by Usher was the best-selling album. Pablo Picasso's Garçon à la pipe sold for approximately $100 million, and the world's largest architectural design competition was held to design the National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Tech releases in 2004 included the Nintendo DS handheld game console by Nintendo and the Firefox browser by Mozilla. Population The world population on January 1, 2004, was estimated to be 6.462 billion people and increased to 6.545 billion people by January 1, 2005.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2024 An estimated 136.6 million births and 53.2 million deaths took place in 2004.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2024 The average global life expectancy was 67.7 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2003.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2024 The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 9.59 million to 9.24 million by the end of the year.UN High Commissioner for Refugees 2005 2 Afghanistan was the largest source of refugees, with approximately 2.1 million people.UN High Commissioner for Refugees 2005 3 Conflicts 2004 conflicts thumb|The US Army and the Iraqi National Guard There were 32 armed conflicts in 2004 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, all of which involved violent non-state actors.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 623Harbom Lotta Högbladh Stina Wallensteen Peter 2006 Armed Conflict and Peace Agreements https://www.jstor.org/stable/27640387 Journal of Peace Research 43 5 617–631 10.1177/0022343306067613 27640387 0022-3433 Seven of these resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Colombian conflict, the Iraqi insurgency, the Kashmir insurgency, the Nepalese Civil War, the Second Chechen War in Russia, the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudanese War in Darfur, and the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency in Uganda.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 631–634 The Iraqi insurgency emerged in Iraq in 2004 and carried out attacks against the US-backed caretaker government.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 625 It was initially confined to the Sunni Triangle but expanded to other areas throughout the year with two suicide bombings in Iraqi Kurdistan on February 1 and a conflict with the Shia Mahdi Army in April.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 112–113 More intense fighting took place in the city of Fallujah toward the end of the year,VOA 2004 resulting in the deaths of 51 Americans and about 1,200 insurgents.Sparks 2005 248 Several countries withdrew from Iraq as the war became increasingly unpopular.Sparks 2005 248 Conflicts with al-Qaeda continued in 2004, primarily in Pakistan along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 625–626 A group affiliated with al-Qaeda carried out a series of train bombings in Madrid, killing approximately 200 people in March.VOA 2004 The Second Chechen War continued in 2004 with a bombing that killed Russian-backed Chechen president Akhmad Kadyrov,Dwan Holmqvist 2005 107 two airliner bombings that killed 89,Sparks 2005 209 and the capture of a school in Beslan, Russia, by Chechen militants that resulted in over 300 fatalities in September.VOA 2004Time 2005 72–73 The frozen conflict between Georgia and the breakaway state of South Ossetia escalated in July and August until a ceasefire was signed on August 18.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 626 Two major rebel groups acted for the first time in 2004: the National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation and Reconstruction of Haiti successfully brought about the resignation of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, while the Islamic Jihad Union was defeated in its attempt to overthrow the government of Uzbekistan.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 625 The Haitian conflict led to the MINUSTAH UN peacekeeping mission.Sparks 2005 249 Other major conflicts in 2004 included ethnic conflict in Kosovo that led to 19 fatalities,Sparks 2005 249 an ongoing Indonesian offensive against rebels in Aceh,Sparks 2005 249 an Islamist insurgency in Thailand that led to martial law in the southern region,Sparks 2005 249 an Islamic militant uprising in northern Nigeria.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 625 The Burundian Civil War was complicated as factionalism divided the CNDD-FDD and tentative peace agreements with the government were opposed by the National Forces of Liberation.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 91 The Nepalese Civil War escalated as the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) abducted over one thousand people to train as fighters and the Nepalese government established civilian militias.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 99 Conflict between Israel and Palestine remained heightened in 2004, including the targeted killings of Hamas leaders Ahmed Yassin and Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi by Israel, the bombing of Israeli tourists by Palestinian militants in October,Annual Register 2005 3 and Israeli attacks on Gaza.Sparks 2005 249 The European Union launched EUFOR, its largest peacekeeping mission, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Sparks 2005 249 The War in Darfur escalated significantly in Sudan with debate over whether its mass killings constituted a genocide.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 93Annual Register 2005 442Sparks 2005 208 Major peace agreements were reached in two conflicts in 2004: the conflict between Senegal and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance, and the partial one between Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 627 A ceasefire was established with the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda,Dwan Holmqvist 2005 101 while a ceasefire in the First Ivorian Civil War broke down and attacks were launched against French peacekeeping forces.Sparks 2005 252 A 2003 ceasefire held in the Kashmir conflict, bringing about the conflict's first full year without military action in roughly a decade, although an insurgency continued in the region.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 626 Although the Second Congo War had ended, insurgencies continued within the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Ituri and in Kivu.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 105 Disarmament of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia began in November during the Colombian conflict, but fighting with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia continued and the Colombian government launched its Plan Patriota mobilization program.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 92–93 Culture Architecture 2004 in architecture thumb|The Seattle Central Library opened in 2004. The world's largest architectural design competition was held to design the National September 11 Memorial & Museum with over 5,000 entries.Sparks 2005 154 The German Duchess Anna Amalia Library was destroyed in a fire that consumed approximately 30,000 books.Annual Register 2005 479 Reconstruction finished on the exterior of the Frauenkirche church in Dresden, which had been destroyed in World War II.Annual Register 2005 480 After three years at a temporary location, the Museum of Modern Art relocated to a new building designed by Yoshio Taniguchi.Sparks 2005 156 The Pritzker Architecture Prize was won by a woman, Zaha Hadid, for the first time.Sparks 2005 152 Buildings that finished construction or opened in 2004 included the Gherkin and the Scottish Parliament Building in the United Kingdom, the Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina in Italy, the Sharp Centre for Design fr in Canada, the Forum Building in Spain,Sparks 2005 152–154 and the Seattle Central Library in the United States.Sparks 2005 212 The Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport opened in China along with terminals in the Toronto Pearson International Airport in Canada and Ben Gurion Airport in Israel. The Rio–Antirrio Bridge was completed in Greece, as was the Millau Viaduct in France. Among new rail stations were the Blue Line in Thailand, the Hiawatha Light Rail and the Las Vegas Monorail in the United States, the Yellow Line in India, and the Shenzhen Metro in China. The Södra länken motorway in Sweden and the final stage of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia were also completed.Sparks 2005 155 Art 2004 in art thumb|upright|One of Edvard Munch's The Scream paintings was stolen in 2004. Major art trends in 2004 included minimalism,Sparks 2005 157 Gothic art and grotesque art, the latter two making up what art critic Jerry Saltz called the "Modern Gothic".Sparks 2005 156 Paper drawings also saw popularity.Sparks 2005 156, 159 In photography, there was nostalgia for works from the 1970s.Sparks 2005 160 Art speculation resurged in 2004 as the economy recovered from a recession. Major sales included Garçon à la pipe (1905) by Pablo Picasso for approximately $100 million, the Maurizio Cattelan sculptures La Nona Ora (1999) and The Ballad of Trotsky (1996) for $3 million and $2 million,Annual Register 2005 481 and Richard Prince's photo Spiritual America for $1 million.Sparks 2005 156–157 Western fashion trends shifted from luxury designs to practical ones in 2004, and American-made jeans grew in popularity.Sparks 2005 197 The biggest art exhibitions of 2004 were Treasures of a Sacred Mountain at the Tokyo National Museum and El Greco at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.Annual Register 2005 481 Elsewhere, the Friedrich Christian Flick Collection was put on display in Berlin,Annual Register 2005 480 the Smithsonian Institution opened its National Museum of the American Indian on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein opened a museum in Vienna to display the royal family's art collection.Time 2005 94 The Scream and Madonna were stolen from the Munch Museum in Oslo in 2004, while efforts continued throughout the year to recover and preserve works from the Iraq Museum in response to the looting that took place amid the invasion of Iraq.Annual Register 2005 479 About 300 artworks with a total value of $106 million were destroyed by a fire at a Momart warehouse in London, about one third of which were from the collection of Charles Saatchi, including the sculptures Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995 by Tracey Emin and Hell by Jake and Dinos Chapman.Sparks 2005 157 Photographs of subjects related to the Iraq War, including act of torture by the American military and coffins of American soldiers being stored in a cargo plane, caused public outrage. Art critic Susan Sontag cited this as evidence that photography had moved from an art of preservation to one of disseminating ideas and shaping public opinion.Sparks 2005 159 Media 2004 in film 2004 in music 2004 in video games thumb|The Nintendo DS was released in 2004. The highest-grossing film globally in 2004 was Shrek 2, followed by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and Spider-Man 2. The highest-grossing non-English film was The Passion of the Christ, the fifth highest-grossing film of the year.2004 Worldwide Box Office https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2004/ Box Office Mojo Critically acclaimed films from 2004 include Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind,Scott A. O. December 26, 2004 The Fight Picture Fights Back The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/26/movies/the-fight-picture-fights-back.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150907172310/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/26/movies/the-fight-picture-fights-back.html September 7, 2015The best movies of 2004 https://www.avclub.com/the-best-movies-of-2004 AV ClubWeinert Ty May 29, 2023 10 Best Movies of 2004, Ranked https://collider.com/best-movies-2004-ranked/ ColliderJanuary 23, 2015 The 10 Best Films Of 2004 https://theplaylist.net/the-10-best-films-of-2004-20150123/ The Playlist Kill Bill: Volume 2,Ebert Robert December 19, 2012 The Best Films of 2004 https://www.rogerebert.com/roger-ebert/the-best-films-of-2004 RogerEbert.com and Million Dollar Baby Documentaries had a successful year in 2004 with releases like Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore and Super Size Me by Morgan Spurlock.Annual Register 2005 472–473Sparks 2005 264 Music sales in 2004 amounted to about 2.75 billion physical units, stalling the decline of units in previous years. CD albums made up 86% of sales, but DVD and digital music continued an upward trajectory.March 9, 2005 IFPI: 2004 Global Music Biz Flat https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/ifpi-2004-global-music-biz-flat-1415020/ Billboard The best-selling album globally in 2004 was Confessions by Usher, followed by Feels like Home by Norah Jones and Encore by Eminem. The best-selling non-English album was the Japanese album Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1 by Hikaru Utada, the 19th best-selling of the year.2000-2005 Top 50 Albums [XLS] https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls https://web.archive.org/web/20120323114337/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls 2012-03-23 IFPI Several pieces of classical music were performed for the first time in decades or centuries after rediscovery, including the medieval song "Fortuna desperata", the 1940 organ performance Voluntary on Tallis's Lamentations, the 1910s opera Marie Victoire, and the 1823 opera The Uncle From Boston.Sparks 2005 253 Courts in Canada and the United States issued rulings that affirmed the legality of peer-to-peer file sharing despite its frequent use for copyright infringement.Annual Register 2005 432–433 Apple with its iPod and iTunes service was the predominant source of legally downloaded music.Annual Register 2005 433 The Da Vinci Code (2003) by Dan Brown was the best selling fiction book of 2004.Annual Register 2005 483 Several libraries lost preserved texts following attacks, including the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in India and the Islamia Higher Secondary School in Pakistan.Sparks 2005 212 The American soap opera Desperate Housewives was a surprise hit and renewed interest in scripted television.Sparks 2005 241 Plays that premiered in 2004 included Stuff Happens by David Hare and The History Boys by Alan Bennett.Annual Register 2005 468–469 The global magazine industry strengthened in 2004 after three years of middling growth,Sparks 2005 245 though the World Press Review ended its print publication after a thirty-year run.Sparks 2005 246 The March edition of the Russian-language Cosmopolitan reached over 600,000 sales in Europe, making it the continent's most widely circulated magazine.Sparks 2005 246 Nintendo released the Nintendo DS in 2004, a successor to its handheld game console, the Game Boy.Sparks 2005 166 Critically acclaimed video games from 2004 include Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Half-Life 2, and Halo 2.Oaks Amanda Kay July 9, 2025 The 10 Best Games of 2004, According to Metacritic https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/best-video-games-2004/ ComicBook.com Doom 3 was among the most anticipated games of the year but proved critically unsuccessful.Sparks 2005 166 Sports 2004 in sports thumb|The 2004 Summer Olympics were held in Athens, Greece. The 2004 Summer Olympics were held in their birthplace of Athens.Time 2005 104 The United States had the most gold medals with 35, followed by China's 32 and Russia's 27. Irina Korzhanenko of Russia had her gold medal revoked after failing a drug test.Annual Register 2005 489 Vitali Klitschko became the boxing world heavyweight champion in 2004 following the retirement of Lennox Lewis.Annual Register 2005 492 Maria Sharapova defeated champion player Serena Williams in the Women's Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first Russian to win a Wimbledon tournament.Time 2005 123 Roger Federer won three of the four major tennis tournaments in men's tennis.Annual Register 2005 496 Fijian golfer Vijay Singh became the world's highest-earning golfer, winning $10 million in 2004,Annual Register 2005 494 and he unseated Tiger Woods as the top PGA Tour player in September after winning nine tournaments throughout the year.Time 2005 116 Michael Schumacher won his seventh victory with the 2004 Formula One World Championship,Annual Register 2005 495 and Ronnie O'Sullivan won the 2004 World Snooker Championship in what was his second victory.Annual Register 2005 497 Best Mate became the fourth horse to win three Cheltenham Gold Cups.Annual Register 2005 494 In Major League Baseball, the Boston Red Sox ended its 86-year losing streak by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2004 World Series.Time 2005 115Annual Register 2005 497 Japanese player Ichiro Suzuki of the Seattle Mariners broke the 84-year record of 257 hits in one season set by George Sisler.Time 2005 120 In association football, Greece won an upset victory over Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004, while FC Porto defeated AS Monaco FC in the 2004 UEFA Champions League final.Annual Register 2005 490 The Tampa Bay Lightning won the 2004 Stanley Cup Final in the National Hockey League,Annual Register 2005 497 and the 2004–05 NHL season was canceled following an industry lockout.Time 2005 123 Steve Fossett and his crew beat the record for fastest circumnavigation by sailing, making the trip in 58 days, while Francis Joyon broke the solo record with 73 days.Annual Register 2005 497 Pete Cabrinha surfed on a 70 ft m on wave in January, breaking the record for the tallest wave ever surfed.Time 2005 123 Scandal occurred following the half-time show of Super Bowl XXXVIII where singer Janet Jackson had most of her breast exposed, and the rest of the year was marked by strict regulatory scrutiny of potential indecency on American television.Sparks 2005 240 The BALCO scandal occurred in the United States after an investigation determined that the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative was distributing performance-enhancing substances to athletes.Annual Register 2005 492 Online fantasy sports became more widely available when AOL launched a free fantasy sports service.Sparks 2005 162 Economy 2004 in economic history thumb|Google was the dominant search engine in 2004 and made an initial public offering of $1.7 billion. The economy in 2004 grew steadily without significant interruptions.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 1 The gross world product grew by 4% in 2004, an increase from the 2.8% growth in 2003. The highest growth came from the developing world.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 iii International trade increased by over 10%.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 3 Governments in the developed world tightened monetary policy and central banks raised their interest rates,UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 5 in contrast with expectations set at the beginning of the year.Sparks 2005 176 The United States dollar depreciated as the American trade deficit increased, while surpluses in Japan and the European Union led to appreciation for the Japanese yen and the euro.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 v, 1Sparks 2005 172 The valuation of the Chinese renminbi was a subject of international debate as it was tied to the US dollar.Sparks 2005 176 The global economy had recovered from the early 2000s recession by 2004.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 5 The greatest recovery took place in Japan and the United States.Sparks 2005 172 Stock markets performed well globally in early months as economic recovery appeared strong, but downturns occurred later in the year.Sparks 2005 176–177 China became the largest recipient of foreign direct investment, exceeding that received by the United States.Sparks 2005 172 Doha Development Round negotiations resumed in August after their failure in 2003, and a framework was agreed upon for developed countries to limit agricultural subsidies and reduce tariffs.Sparks 2005 144–145 The United States signed a free trade agreement with several Central American countries, and another agreement with Australia.Sparks 2005 145 Growing demand for oil led oil prices to increase by over 50%, which was followed by a smaller decrease in price, but the global economy accommodated the price increase without significant inflation or price shock;UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 iv speculation on oil further increased its price.Sparks 2005 183 Coffee prices rose in 2004 after a years-long decline that had reduced its supply.Sparks 2005 183 Most metals, including gold, steel and aluminum, also rose in price significantly.Sparks 2005 186 Transportation industries like airlines and car manufacturers fared poorly throughout the year, though Toyota grew to become the second largest car manufacturing company after General Motors.Sparks 2005 184–185 The World Trade Organization objected to agricultural subsidies for sugar in the European Union and cotton in the United States due to fears that they would negatively affect global prices.Sparks 2005 144 Initial public offerings (IPO) from technology companies amounted to $10.7 billion in 2004, including the $1.7 billion IPO of Google, significantly exceeding the $3.3 billion of technology company IPOs in 2003.Annual Register 2005 432 Google emerged as the dominant search engine by 2004 and made its initial public offering in August by public auction.Sparks 2005 163 Internet advertising in 2004 exceeded the rates that it had achieved prior to a downturn caused by the dot-com bubble burst in 2000, totaling $2.37 billion.Sparks 2005 162 The largest Russian oil company, Yukos, was partially dismantled by the government after finding it owed back taxes.Sparks 2005 184 The retail company Kmart announced its intention in November to acquire its competitor Sears and create Sears Holdings.Time 2005 90 Oracle Corporation succeeded in its hostile takeover of PeopleSoft in December for $10.3 billion.Sparks 2005 163 SCO Group was unable to advance its dispute against IBM regarding ownership of Unix and Linux.Annual Register 2005 435 Cunard Line launched the RMS Queen Mary 2 in January.Time 2005 100–101 Environment and weather 2004 in the environment List of earthquakes in 2004 Tropical cyclones in 2004 thumb|A magnitude 9.1 earthquake caused damage across the Indian Ocean in December. The year 2004 was the fourth hottest year on record, and it was the first in four years to have above-average precipitation.NOAA 2005 Major heat waves occurred in Australia, Japan, and Spain, while deadly cold waves occurred in Peru and southern Asia. Heavy winter storms occurred in the Middle East and around the Mediterranean.NOAA 2005 Ongoing droughts continued in the Horn of Africa and the western United States, while deadly floods occurred in Brazil and on the Mexico–United States border.NOAA 2005 A magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck Indonesia on December 26.Timeline: World's deadliest earthquakes since 2000 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/6/the-worlds-deadliest-earthquakes-since-2000 Al Jazeera October 5, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231005031552/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/6/the-worlds-deadliest-earthquakes-since-2000 live This was the largest earthquake anywhere since a magnitude 9.2 earthquake struck Alaska in 1964.Sparks 2005 169 The 2004 earthquake and the resulting tsunami killed approximately 230,000 people across the region, and the tsunami affected countries across the Indian Ocean in both Asia and Africa.Sparks 2005 169 This included the destruction of the Indonesian city Banda Aceh.Annual Register 2005 7 As the year closed, the earthquake was recognized as a defining event of 2004.Annual Register 2005 1 There were 15 named storms in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, nine of which were hurricanes. The most intense storms were Hurricane Ivan, Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Frances, and Hurricane Karl.Franklin et al. 2005 982 It was the second deadliest hurricane season of the previous 30 years, as Hurricane Jeanne killed over 3,000 people in Haiti as well as leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless.Franklin et al. 2005 981 There were 31 tropical storms in the 2004 Pacific typhoon season, 21 of which were typhoons.Saunders Lea 2005 1 The most intense typhoons were Typhoon Dianmu, Typhoon Chaba, Typhoon Nida, and Typhoon Ma-on.Saunders Lea 2005 2 Seven tropical storms made landfall in Japan, and it suffered the most typhoon strikes since 1982 with four typhoons. Typhoon Rananim, the strongest typhoon to strike eastern China in five decades, destroyed 42,400 homes.Saunders Lea 2005 1 Typhoon Muifa and Typhoon Nanmadol killed a combined total of 1,375 people in Philippines.Saunders Lea 2005 2 While the existence of man-made climate change had been confirmed by 2004, efforts continued to produce models that could accurately measure and predict its severity as greenhouse gas emissions increased globally.Annual Register 2005 437–438 Special attention was paid to the relationship between climate change and air pollution, as well as potential effects of abrupt climate change like the shut down of thermohaline circulation and the destruction of the Greenland ice sheet.Annual Register 2005 438 A four-year study of Arctic conditions resulted in the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment.Annual Register 2005 439 Several studies throughout the year demonstrated significant potential for human-caused extinction of biodiversity from climate change, deforestation, and other causes.Annual Register 2005 440–441 Poland banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons on April 14, with most restrictions effective immediately. This was followed by a conference in June where Coca-Cola, McDonald's, and Unilever agreed to phase out chlorofluorocarbons.Sparks 2005 194 After expressing reservations, Russia ratified the Kyoto Protocol on November 5,Sparks 2005 193–194 which allowed it to take effect the following year without the involvement of the United States.Annual Register 2005 436 Several other ratifiers, including Italy, Finland, and Spain, protested the requirements it imposed.Sparks 2005 193–194 The Rotterdam Convention entered into force in February, requiring informed consent to export certain harmful chemicals.Sparks 2005 191 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, an international treaty regulating persistent organic pollutants, came into force on May 17.Annual Register 2005 440 The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture came into effect on June 29.Annual Register 2005 446 The 2004 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in December.Annual Register 2005 436 Health 2004 in health thumb|The H5N1 virus spurred fears of a possible pandemic. The primary health concern of 2004 was the potential of an avian influenza pandemic during the spread of H5N1 in eastern and southeastern Asia. Sparks 2005 145 Only 44 human cases were documented between January and October, but 32 of them resulted in death. The high mortality rate expedited production of H5N1 vaccines.Sparks 2005 201 This was accompanied by research into the Spanish flu that involved reconstructions of the virus's genes and infected tissue.Annual Register 2005 431 American exportation of beef was halted throughout 2004 following the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Sparks 2005 145 A locust outbreak spread across western Africa in July and August, causing food shortages throughout the region, while the War in Darfur led to a severe food crisis in Sudan.Sparks 2005 144 The HIV/AIDS pandemic remained a predominant public health concern,Bhattacharya Shaoni 2004: The year in biology and medicine https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6837-2004-the-year-in-biology-and-medicine/ December 27, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20210125022402/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6837-2004-the-year-in-biology-and-medicine/ January 25, 2021 live New Scientist and the 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic was released prior to the year's International AIDS Conference, warning that HIV/AIDS cases were rising quickly.Sparks 2005 200 Tuberculosis deaths increased in 2004 for the first time in over 40 years as a result of drug resistant strains and comorbidity with HIV.Sparks 2005 202 The global SARS epidemic and the West Nile virus outbreak in the United States both receded in 2004 with significant drops in documented cases relative to 2003.Sparks 2005 202 Trials for new drugs included cotrimoxazole for HIV/AIDS,Annual Register 2005 431 OZ 277 and the Mosquirix vaccine for malaria,Annual Register 2005 430 and statins to lower cholesterol.Sparks 2005 202 Merck & Co. pulled the arthritis drug rofecoxib in September because it increased the risk of heart attack and stroke, leading to renewed scrutiny of pharmaceuticals and calls for reform in the United States.Sparks 2005 203–204 Politics and law 2004 in politics 2 300 George-W-Bush.jpeg Vladimir Putin-2.jpg Hamid Karzai 2004-06-14 (cropped).jpg Viktor Yushchenko January 2006.jpg Clockwise from upper left: George W. Bush (United States), Vladimir Putin (Russia), Viktor Yushchenko (Ukraine), and Hamid Karzai (Afghanistan) Seven Eastern European nations were incorporated into NATO, bringing the defense alliance to 26 members.Sparks 2005 252 Ten countries joined the European Union in May, and the organization signed an agreement toward the creation of a constitution.Annual Register 2005 5 Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey were refused entry.Annual Register 2005 447 Disagreements remained over whether the European Union should be constitutionally Christian.Annual Register 2005 6 George W. Bush was reelected to a second term as president of the United States.VOA 2004 Vladimir Putin was re-elected as president of Russia.Annual Register 2005 7 Manmohan Singh became the first Sikh prime minister of India following the victory of his Indian National Congress party in May;Time 2005 81 he was favored after Sonia Gandhi was met with opposition from Hindu nationalists.Annual Register 2005 7 Hamid Karzai won Afghanistan's first presidential election,VOA 2004 but his government did not control significant territory outside of the capital, Kabul, as the rest of the country was occupied by warlords.Annual Register 2005 4 The Ukrainian presidential election was disputed due to election fraud, voiding the victory of Viktor Yanukovych following political upheaval; Viktor Yushchenko won in the re-run election, and the Constitution of Ukraine was amended in response to the affair.VOA 2004 President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti fled the country after a coup on February 29 under pressure from the United States.Time 2005 80 Yasser Arafat, the leader of Palestine and main figure in the Palestinian nationalism movement, died in November and was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas until an election could take place the following year;Annual Register 2005 3 Arafat's death prompted questions about the movement's direction.Time 2005 70 Iranian and North Korean nuclear programs were brought under scrutiny in 2004, and an explosion in North Korea on September 9 raised fears of possible nuclear weapons testing.Time 2005 77 Abdul Qadeer Khan, a leading figure in the development of Pakistan's nuclear weapons, was discovered to have been trading nuclear secrets to Iran, Iraq, Libya, and North Korea. South Korea was also found to be developing a nuclear weapons program despite being involved in anti-proliferation efforts.Time 2005 76 Other political developments in 2004 include but not limited to–protests against high crime rates in several Latin American countries,Sparks 2005 211 the removal of the death penalty in the majority of countries following its abolition in Bhutan and Samoa,Sparks 2005 211 and the indictment of Macedonian interior minister Ljube Boškoski for involvement in the 2002 Raštanski Lozja killings.Sparks 2005 211 Elsewhere, Augusto Pinochet in Chile, Luis Echeverría in Mexico, and Slobodan Milošević in Serbia faced allegations of crimes against humanity.Sparks 2005 287 War on terror thumb|Saddam Hussein on trial A provisional government was created in Iraq under Prime Minister Ayad Allawi in June, succeeding the American-run Coalition Provisional Authority.Annual Register 2005 1VOA 2004 The United States retained control of institutions such as national defense and the prison system,Sparks 2005 205 causing legal ambiguity over whether the nation should still be considered under occupation.Annual Register 2005 442 Western involvement in Iraq grew unpopular as human rights abuses were uncovered, violence led to civilian casualties, and the rationale for the Iraq War was found to be misleading. The Iraq Survey Group was unable to find evidence of the weapons of mass destruction in Iraq that had been used to justify the invasion.Annual Register 2005 2 It was shown in May that American soldiers were committing acts of torture against people held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq,VOA 2004 leading to the conviction of several American soldiers in military courts.Sparks 2005 205 This accompanied the controversial use of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to hold suspected terrorists without due process.Annual Register 2005 2 The United States sought compromise with allies that had opposed the invasion of Iraq, and it proposed a mutual goal of Iraqi reconstruction.Annual Register 2005 4–5 Deposed Iraqi president Saddam Hussein appeared in court in July on charges of committing genocide during his rule.VOA 2004 His trial was held under the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal, which was created by the United States and operated under Iraqi law. Hussein contested the tribunal's legitimacy and there were calls to hold an international tribunal.Sparks 2005 205 The United Kingdom and the United States passed anti-terrorism legislation and initiated surveillance programs as part of the war on terror, prompting concerns about infringement of civil rights.Annual Register 2005 4–5 Osama bin Laden released a video on October 29 where he claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks.Time 2005 74 International law The International Court of Justice made two rulings in 2004: it ruled in the Avena case that the United States had violated its obligations to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations when prosecuting Mexican nationals, and that it had no jurisdiction in the Legality of Use of Force case brought by Serbia and Montenegro against NATO nations.Annual Register 2005 442 It also issued an advisory opinion arguing that the construction of the West Bank barrier violated the Palestinian people's right to self-determination.Annual Register 2005 443–444 Two border disputes, Romania v. Ukraine and Benin v. Niger, were brought before the court in 2004.Sparks 2005 205 The International Criminal Court (ICC) opened its first two investigations: one in Uganda and one in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Annual Register 2005 445 The United States did not receive an extension on American immunity from the ICC, so it instead negotiated bilateral treaties with other nations to prevent them from turning Americans over to the court.Sparks 2005 205 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda convicted Emmanuel Ndindabahizi, Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda, and Samuel Imanishimwe of genocide.Annual Register 2005 444 The trial of Slobodan Milošević began under the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,Annual Register 2005 445 while appeals by Radislav Krstić and Tihomir Blaškić resulted in lesser charges and reductions in their sentences.Sparks 2005 208 Religion 2004 in religion thumb|Bartholomew I of Constantinople was the first Orthodox patriarch to visit Latin America. The sexual abuse scandals of the Catholic Church further developed in 2004 with resignations and legal proceedings.Sparks 2005 280–281 The Catholic Church returned the relics of John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nazianzus to Istanbul.Annual Register 2005 456 Within Eastern Orthodoxy, Bartholomew I of Constantinople suspended relations with Christodoulos of Athens. Bartholomew accepted an apology from the Roman Catholic Church for the 1204 sack of Constantinople.Sparks 2005 279 The St Nicholas of Myra Cathedral of Havana pl Cerkiew św. Mikołaja w Hawanie, the first religious building to be constructed in Cuba since the Cuban Revolution, was consecrated by Bartholomew in January; this was the first time an Orthodox patriarch visited Latin America.Sparks 2005 281 Eastern Orthodox Church leader Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria died in a helicopter crash in 2004.Annual Register 2005 456 The issue of gay rights remained incredibly divisive among different Anglican groups and caused schisms, especially in the United States where the Episcopal Church was more accepting of same-sex partnerships.Annual Register 2005 455 The Anglican Communion released the Windsor Report that condemned the selection of Gene Robinson, a gay man, as a bishop in the United States.Sparks 2005 278 The United Methodist Church responded by announcing its opposition to the ordination of gay bishops.Sparks 2005 279 Also in the United States, the Southern Baptist Convention ended its connection with the Baptist World Alliance for being too liberal.Sparks 2005 279 Several Christian groups, including the Presbyterian Church, World Council of Churches, and the Lutheran World Federation, had relations sour with Jewish groups after criticizing Israeli actions against Palestine.Sparks 2005 279 Disagreement emerged among Jews in Israel when Chief Rabbi Avraham Shapira declared that Orthodox Jews should disregard orders to dismantle Israeli settlements in Gaza.Annual Register 2005 458 Religious violence remained a major issue within the Islamic world as religious leaders condemned attacks led by Islamist groups,Sparks 2005 278Annual Register 2005 3 and Islamic organizations held several summits in favor of religious tolerance and opposition to Islamism.Annual Register 2005 457 The overthrow of Ba'athist Iraq in 2003 meant increased religious tension between Sunni and Shia sects of Islam within the country.Annual Register 2005 1–2 The Sankararaman murder case caused controversy following the death of temple manager Sankara Raman in the Hindu monastery Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham.Annual Register 2005 456 Several countries saw continued debates on religion in education,Sparks 2005 189 and France issued a highly contested ban on religious attire in public schools.Sparks 2005 279 Science 2004 in science thumb|upright|The prehistoric human species Homo floresiensis was discovered in 2004. Study continued in the use of embryos to create stem cells for research purposes. Debate around stem cell usage occurred worldwide, and the United Nations was unable to agree on international law related to human cloning for the creation of stem cells.Annual Register 2005 430 Several studies of the relationship between humans and other hominids were completed in 2004, including a preliminary genome sequence for chimpanzees.Sparks 2005 147 A newborn western gorilla was observed for the first time in 50 years in the Léfini Faunal Reserve.Sparks 2005 196 An early human species with small body proportions, Homo floresiensis, was announced with the discovery of the Flores man fossil.Time 2005 138 The fossil was discovered in the Liang Bua archaeological site on the Indonesian island of Flores. Announced on October 28, there had previously been no expectation of another human species in the area.Sparks 2005 148 The post-perovskite crystal structure was discovered when perovskite was placed under extreme pressure and temperature.Sparks 2005 170 Research continued on the development and application of carbon nanotubes in the United Kingdom, prompting the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering to propose their classification as a new chemical.Annual Register 2005 429 Independent experiments in 2004 successfully produced quantum teleportation in particles and ions.Annual Register 2005 428–429Sparks 2005 271 Magnetic resonance force microscopy was used to observe a single electron for the first time.Sparks 2005 271–272 Global warming was a major focus of the scientific community as results came in on sea level rise.Sparks 2005 170–171 A map of Earth's gravitational field was released in 2004 based on the results of the 2002 GRACE and GRACE-FO study, with ten times the resolution of previous maps.Sparks 2005 170 A study by American and Italian researchers demonstrated a more precise form of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar to measure the deformation caused by tectonic activity.Sparks 2005 168–169 Over 70 archaeological sites were established in the Petén Basin in Guatemala.Sparks 2005 151 The Pool of Siloam, a major reservoir from ancient Jerusalem, was discovered in the process of building a sewer pipe.Sparks 2005 150 Astronomy and space exploration 2004 in spaceflight thumb|upright|The Soyuz program was the only crewed space program in 2004 (Soyuz TMA-5 pictured). NASA paused its Space Shuttle program following the previous year's explosion of the Space Shuttle Columbia, meaning the only crewed flights in 2004 were part of Russia's Soyuz program.Annual Register 2005 426 The Mars Exploration Rover program continued with the landing of the Spirit rover on January 4 and the Opportunity rover on January 25. They provided evidence that Mars once had seas, prompting NASA to extend the rovers' mission to the end of the year.Annual Register 2005 427 NASA's Cassini–Huygens achieved orbit around Saturn in July.Annual Register 2005 427 It took images of Saturn's features, including infrared imaging of its rings,Time 2005 126–129 and released the ESA's Huygens lander in December to study the moon Titan.Annual Register 2005 427 The ESA's SMART-1 satellite achieved orbit around the Moon in November, and NASA's Genesis probe returned to Earth in September but was damaged in a failed landing.Annual Register 2005 428 Venus's path led it between the Earth and the Sun for the first time since 1882.Time 2005 127 The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image was released in March.Sparks 2005 273 Spacecraft launches in 2004 included the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Rosetta probe on March 2 to study the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, NASA's MESSENGER probe toward Mercury in August,Annual Register 2005 427 a private spaceflight of the SpaceShipOne by Burt Rutan in October,Time 2005 124, 127 and NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (then called the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer) launch into orbit in November to study gamma-ray bursts.Annual Register 2005 428 The Gravity Probe B, Double Star, and Aura satellites were also launched in 2004.Sparks 2005 277 Technology Wireless technology grew in popularity with the proliferation of devices like Pocket PCs and portable media players,Time 2005 86 while high-definition television and digital video recorders became more widely available.Sparks 2005 242 Laptops increased in popularity as they approached the computing power of desktop computers, and as Wi-Fi became more accessible.Sparks 2005 167 Flash drives grew more popular while floppy disks and personal digital assistants saw continued decline.Sparks 2005 167 3G technology was more widely adopted in Europe, while NTT DoCoMo began early trials for 4G technology in Japan.Annual Register 2005 434 Microsoft entered 2004 with a monopoly over web browsers through Internet Explorer, but its share of the market was reduced to about 90 percent following the introduction of Firefox.Annual Register 2005 433–434 Open-source software was incentivized and in some cases legally mandated by South American countries throughout the year.Annual Register 2005 435 Google released the first version of Gmail in April.Sparks 2005 163 Malware attacks rose in early 2004, primarily through the Netsky and Sasser worms created by Sven Jaschan. Spam and phishing emails were seen as a major problem and were met with arrests and lawsuits against perpetrators.Sparks 2005 161 The term nanotechnology, first coined in the 1970s, was popularized among the general public in 2004.Sparks 2005 165 New automobiles entering production in 2004 included the Chrysler 300 and Ford Five Hundred.Time 2005 89 Events January thumb|A photo of the Martian surface taken by NASA's Spirit rover January 4 NASA's Spirit rover lands on the surface of Mars.https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040104.html Spirit Rover Bounces Down on Mars NASA January 7, 2022 March 25, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220325023042/https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040104.html live An insurgency breaks out in southern Thailand.2009-01-13 Thailand: Torture in the southern counter-insurgency https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa39/001/2009/en/ 2026-04-17 Amnesty International en 4 January 8 – The RMS Queen Mary 2, at the time the largest ocean liner ever built, is christened by its namesake's granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II.Time 2005 100–101 January 21 – Bartholomew I of Constantinople visits Cuba.AsiaNews.it Bartholomew I lands in Havana, while arrests of Christians continue https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Bartholomew-I-lands-in-Havana,-while-arrests-of-Christians-continue-000289.html 2026-04-18 www.asianews.it en January 25 – NASA's Opportunity rover lands on the surface of Mars.https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/newsroom/pressreleases/20040125a.html NASA Hears From Opportunity Rover On Mars NASA January 7, 2022 November 20, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211120233737/https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/newsroom/pressreleases/20040125a.html live February February 1 Two suicide bombings are carried out by al-Qaeda in Erbil, the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan.2026-02-01 Kurdistan Region Prime Minister Marks Anniversary of 2004 Erbil Attacks https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/891200/slug 2026-04-17 Kurdistan24 en Janet Jackson suffers a wardrobe malfunction during the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII.Sparks 2005 240 February 24 – The Rotterdam Convention comes into force.History of the negotiations of the Rotterdam Convention https://www.pic.int/TheConvention/Overview/History/Overview/tabid/1360/language/en-US/Default.aspx 2026-04-18 www.pic.int February 29 – Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide is overthrown in a coup d'état.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3519821.stm Embattled Aristide quits Haiti 2004-02-29 BBC News 2017-01-26 May 6, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210506074430/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3519821.stm live March March 2 A series of bombings occur in Karbala, Iraq, killing over 140 Shia Muslims commemorating the Day of Ashura.https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/02/international/middleeast/blasts-at-shiite-ceremonies-in-iraq-kill-more-than.html Blasts at Shiite Ceremonies in Iraq Kill More Than 140 Burns John F. 2004-03-02 Gettleman Jeffrey The New York Times 0362-4331 2017-01-26 November 18, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201118122412/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/02/international/middleeast/blasts-at-shiite-ceremonies-in-iraq-kill-more-than.html live The European Space Agency launches the Rosetta space probe.Rosetta https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Rosetta 2026-04-19 www.esa.int en March 9 – NASA releases the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image of early galaxies.9 March https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/9_March 2026-04-19 www.esa.int en March 11 – Al-Qaeda bombings on Cercanías trains in Madrid, Spain, kill at least 192 people.https://www.elmundo.es/documentos/2006/04/11/auto_11m.html elmundo.es. Documento: Auto del 11-M www.elmundo.es February 24, 2021 April 12, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060412150158/https://www.elmundo.es/documentos/2006/04/11/auto_11m.html liveZoomNews (in Spanish). The 192nd victim died in 2014, after a decade in coma in a hospital of Madrid. She was the last hospitalized injured person. March 14 – Vladimir Putin is reelected president of Russia with 71.2 percent of the vote.2004-03-15 Russia's Putin Coasts to Re-Election Victory https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/europe-jan-june04-russia_03-15 2026-04-18 PBS News en-us March 17 – Ethnic violence breaks out in Kosovo between Albanians and Serbs.2004-03-18 Serbia Kosovo Clashes https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/serbia-kosovo-clashes/ 2026-04-17 CBS News en-US March 22 – Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin is killed by Israeli missile strikes.2004-03-22 Hamas #1 Leader Is Killed https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hamas-1-leader-is-killed/ 2026-04-17 CBS News en-US March 28 – Bombings attributed to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan kill 15 in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. This is the first instance of suicide bombings in the country or the surrounding region of central Asia.Saidazimova Gulnoza 2012-02-02 Tashkent Explosions Still Felt Two Years Later https://www.rferl.org/a/1067140.html 2026-04-17 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty en March 29 – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia are admitted to NATO, the largest expansion of the organization.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/02/nato Seven join Nato in biggest expansion Press Association 2004-04-02 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 2017-01-26 February 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122647/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/02/nato live March 30 – The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) abducts over 1,000 people from the Bajura District to fight in the Nepalese Civil War.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 99 March 31 Four American security contractors are killed in Fallujah, Iraq, leading to the First Battle of Fallujah.2014-11-10 Iraq's hardest fight: The US battle for Falluja 2004 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29984665 2026-04-17 BBC News en-GB The International Court of Justice rules in the Avena case that the United States had violated its obligations to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations when prosecuting Mexican nationals.Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America) https://www.icj-cij.org/case/128 2026-04-18 www.icj-cij.org April thumb|upright|Vitali Klitschko became the WBC world heavyweight champion on April 24. April 1 – Google launches Gmail.Liedtke Michael 2024-03-31 20 years ago, people thought Google's Gmail launch was an April Fool's Day joke https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/20-years-ago-people-thought-googles-gmail-launch-was-an-april-fools-day-joke 2026-04-19 PBS News en-us April 4 The Siege of Sadr City begins when the Mahdi Army ambushes American soldiers in Sadr City, Iraq.Inside the ambush known as Black Sunday https://abcnews.com/US/inside-ambush-black-sunday/story?id=50962302 2026-04-17 ABC News en The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire begins to maintain a ceasefire in the First Ivorian Civil War.https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/1806_Many-Lives-of-a-Peacekeeping-Mission.pdf The Many Lives of a Peacekeeping Mission: The UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire Novosseloff Alexandra 2018 International Peace Institute 9 April 8 – The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups to create a ceasefire in the War in Darfur.Sudan: Darfur Destroyed: SUMMARY https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/sudan0504/8.htm 2026-04-19 www.hrw.org April 13 – A newborn western gorilla is observed for the first time in 50 years in the Léfini Faunal Reserve.King Tony 2004 Reintroduced western gorillas reproduce for the first time https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256294195_Reintroduced_western_gorillas_reproduce_for_the_first_time Oryx 38 3 251–252 April 14 – Poland bans the use of chlorofluorocarbons.Sparks 2005 194 April 17 – Israeli helicopters fire missiles at a convoy of vehicles in the Gaza Strip, killing Hamas leader Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi.http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence/ Hamas leader killed in Israeli airstrike 2004-04-17 CNN 2017-01-26 February 7, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170207074455/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence/ live April 18 – Newly elected prime minister of Spain, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, announces the withdrawal of all 1,300 Spanish troops from Iraq.Sciolino Elaine May 6, 2004 Premier Says Spanish Troops Would Never Return to Iraq https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/06/international/europe/premier-says-spanish-troops-would-never-return-to-iraq.html The New York Times April 19 – Russia launches the Soyuz TMA-4 mission.2004-04-21 Soyuz: Up, Up And Away - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/news/soyuz-up-up-and-away/ 2026-08-22 CBS News April 24 – Ukrainian boxer Vitali Klitschko becomes the WBC world heavyweight champion after defeating his opponent Corrie Sanders.2004-04-25 V. Klitschko Overpowers Sanders in Eighth Round https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2004/04/25/v-klitschko-overpowers-sanders-in-eighth-round/eece9f13-f170-4551-835a-8b8750d6655b/ 2026-04-18 The Washington Post en-US 0190-8286 April 28 – The Gherkin opens in London.The Gherkin transformed London’s skyline – but now is set to disappear from view https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/24/gherkin-london-skyline-disappearing-view-architecture-city/ 2026-04-18 The Telegraph April 30 – Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople breaks Eucharistic communion with Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens.Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople Broke Eucharistic Communion with Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens http://orthodoxeurope.org/page/19/2/64.aspx 2026-04-18 orthodoxeurope.org May thumb|upright|Garçon à la pipe sold at auction for $104.2 million. May 1 – The European Union expands by 10 new member states: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/04/30/eu.enlargement/ EU welcomes 10 new members 2004-05-01 CNN 2017-01-26 February 24, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170224141614/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/04/30/eu.enlargement/ live May 5 – Garçon à la pipe, painted by Pablo Picasso in 1905, is sold for $104.2 million.Martinovic Jelena 2025-04-02 Garçon à la pipe, 1905: Masterpiece from Picasso's Rose Period https://blog.artsper.com/en/a-closer-look/garcon-a-la-pipe/ 2026-04-18 Artsper Magazine en-GB This was the highest price a work of art had ever been sold for at auction.2004-05-06 Picasso painting sets new world record price https://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-05-06/picasso-painting-sets-new-world-record-price/1971638 2026-04-18 ABC News en-AU May 7 Vladimir Putin is sworn in for a second term as Russia's president.Myers Steven L. May 8, 2004 Sworn in for 2nd Term, Solemn Putin Promises Better, Freer Times https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/08/world/sworn-in-for-2nd-term-solemn-putin-vows-better-freer-times.html New York Times The discovery of the post-perovskite form of magnesium silicate is reported.Murakami Motohiko Hirose Kei Kawamura Katsuyuki Sata Nagayoshi Ohishi Yasuo 2004-05-07 Post-Perovskite Phase Transition in MgSiO3 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1095932 Science 304 5672 855–858 10.1126/science.1095932 subscription May 9 – A stadium bombing in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia kills ten people, including regional governor Akhmad Kadyrov.https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/09/international/europe/chechen-president-is-killed-in-bombing-at-holiday.html Chechen president is killed in bombing at holiday 2004-05-09 New York Times 2023-02-02 January 27, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230127172816/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/09/international/europe/chechen-president-is-killed-in-bombing-at-holiday.html live May 12–15 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2004 takes place in Istanbul, Turkey, and is won by Ukrainian entrant Ruslana with the song "Wild Dances".http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3715907.stm Ukraine celebrates Eurovision win BBC 2004-05-16 January 8, 2022 May 30, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080530110144/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3715907.stm live May 13 – The Ralito II Agreement is signed between Colombia and the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia. May 17 – The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants enters into force.Annual Register 2005 440 May 22 – Manmohan Singh, a Sikh, is sworn in as India's first non-Hindu prime minister.Mishra Samiran December 27, 2024 How Manmohan Singh Became "Accidental PM" After Shock UPA Victory In 2004 https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manmohan-singh-how-manmohan-singh-became-accidental-pm-after-shock-upa-victory-in-2004-7341407 NDTV India News May 23 – The Seattle Central Library opens in Seattle, Washington.Seattle's new library https://special.seattletimes.com/o/news/local/library/stories/patronsflock.html 2026-04-18 The Seattle Times May 24 – A fire at a Momart warehouse destroys numerous works of art.Meek James 2004-09-23 Art into ashes https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2004/sep/23/art.britartfire 2026-04-18 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 June thumb|A transit of Venus took place on June 8, 2004. June 1 – The United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) peacekeeping mission begins in Haiti.MINUSTAH https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/factsheet/minustah 2026-04-17 UN Peacekeeping en June 8 – A transit of Venus occurs.https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/vt-intro.html The Venus Transit 2004 ESO January 8, 2022 January 8, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220108191713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/vt-intro.html live June 21 – In Mojave, California, United States, SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight.https://www.wired.com/2011/06/0621spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft/ SpaceShipOne Reaches Space Long Tony 2004-06-21 Wired 2017-01-26 November 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201127152420/https://www.wired.com/2011/06/0621spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft/ live June 23 – The International Criminal Court opens an investigation into crimes against humanity during the Second Congo War.2006-03-17 DR Congo: ICC Arrest First Step to Justice Human Rights Watch https://www.hrw.org/news/2006/03/17/dr-congo-icc-arrest-first-step-justice 2026-04-18 en June 28 – The US-led coalition occupying Iraq, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), transfers sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jun/28/iraq.iraq1 US hands over power in Iraq 2004-06-28 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 2017-01-26 February 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122301/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jun/28/iraq.iraq1 live June 29 – The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture enters into force.Annual Register 2005 446 July July 1 Saddam Hussein appears in court for his charges to be read.Sparks 2005 205 The Cassini–Huygens orbiter reaches the orbit of Saturn.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3846195.stm Cassini probe enters Rhea orbit 2004-07-01 BBC News 2017-01-26 November 19, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201119101439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3846195.stm live July 4 – The International Court of Justice issues an advisory ruling that the construction of the West Bank barrier violates the Palestinian people's right to self-determination.Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory https://www.icj-cij.org/case/131 2026-04-18 www.icj-cij.org July 15 – The use of magnetic resonance imaging to study the spin of a single electron is reported.Weiss Peter 2004-07-14 Feel the Force: Magnetic probe finds lone electron https://www.sciencenews.org/article/feel-force-magnetic-probe-finds-lone-electron 2026-04-18 en-US July 24 – The Mexican government files charges against former President of Mexico Luis Echeverría for his role in the 1971 Corpus Christi massacre.Kraul Chris 2004-07-24 Ex-President of Mexico Indicted https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jul-24-fg-arrest24-story.html 2026-04-18 Los Angeles Times en-US July 29 – The International Criminal Court opens an investigation into the actions of the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda.2005-10-14 ICC Takes Decisive Step for Justice in Uganda Human Rights Watch https://www.hrw.org/news/2005/10/14/icc-takes-decisive-step-justice-uganda 2026-04-18 en July 30 – The Frauenkirche church finishes reconstruction after its destruction in 1945.Stuttgart PUL Ingenieure Reconstruction of the Frauenkirche — Peter und Lochner Engineering https://www.pul-ingenieure.de/en/bauwerk-5/ 2026-04-18 www.pul-ingenieure.de en-US August thumb|Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport began operation in August 2004. August 3 – NASA's MESSENGER space probe is launched, with its primary mission being the study of Mercury.http://www.space.com/210-nasa-sends-mercury-messenger.html NASA Sends Mercury a MESSENGER Malik Tariq 2004-08-03 Space.com 2017-01-26 February 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202030834/http://www.space.com/210-nasa-sends-mercury-messenger.html live August 5 The Battle of Najaf begins in Najaf, Iraq.2004-08-24 US and Iraqi forces close in on Najaf shrine https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/24/iraq 2026-04-17 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport begins operation in Guangzhou, China.Chinese airport challenges Hong Kong https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2004/8/3/chinese-airport-challenges-hong-kong 2026-04-18 Al Jazeera en August 7–13 – Typhoon Rananim causes widespread destruction as it strikes China.Saunders Lea 2005 1–2 August 11 – Fighting breaks out in the Georgian–Ossetian conflict.Peuch Jean-Christophe 2008-04-08 Deadliest Fighting In Years Erupts In South Ossetia https://www.rferl.org/a/1054281.html 2026-04-17 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty en August 12 – The Rio–Antirrio Bridge opens in Greece.Chrysikou Maria 2011-08-14 Seven Years Success for Rio-Antirio Bridge https://greekreporter.com/2011/08/14/seven-years-success-for-rio-antirio-bridge/ 2026-04-18 GreekReporter.com en-US August 13–29 – The 2004 Summer Olympics are held in Athens, Greece.http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3557922.stm Olympics open in Athens 2004-08-13 BBC News 2017-01-26 July 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200724140701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3557922.stm live August 19 – Google makes its initial public offering.CNN.com - Google IPO priced at $85 a share - Aug 19, 2004 https://edition.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/08/19/google.ipo/ 2026-08-22 edition.cnn.com August 22 – Armed robbers steal Edvard Munch's The Scream, Madonna, and other paintings from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway.http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/08/22/scream.theft/ Armed robbers steal 'The Scream' 2004-08-23 CNN 2017-01-26 September 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220920195252/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/08/22/scream.theft/ live August 24 – Two Russian passenger jets are downed by suicide bombers during the Second Chechen War.U.S. Sources: Suicide Bombers Struck Russian Planes https://abcnews.com/International/story?id=84588&page=1 2026-04-17 ABC News en August 26 – The immunity of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is revoked so he can be charged with crimes against humanity.Annual Register 2005 173 August 31 – Former Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milošević stands trial for crimes against humanity.Annual Register 2005 445 September thumb|A school in Beslan, Russia, fell under siege during the Second Chechen War. September 1 – Chechen rebels take 1,128 hostages, mostly children, at a school in Beslan, Russia. Russian security forces eventually storm the building, resulting in more than 330 people being killed.31 August 2006: Beslan – Two Years On, UNICEF September 2 – A fire breaks out at the Duchess Anna Amalia Library.After the fire: Mass conservation methods for repairing the fire damage https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/en/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/the-library/after-the-fire/ Klassik Stiftung Weimer September 4 – In the AFL finals, Essendon defeated Melbourne by five points (15.14.104 - 15.9.99) in the elimination final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The victory would prove to be Essendon's most recent finals win, beginning a finals drought that would extend for more than two decades.Beveridge Riley 5479 days since Dons' last finals win: Where are the 22 now? https://www.afl.com.au/news/107269/5479-days-since-dons-last-finals-win-where-are-the-22-now AFL AFL 4 September 2026 September 6 – Fijian golfer Vijay Singh unseats Tiger Woods as the top PGA Tour player.2004-09-06 Singh grabs Tiger's top spot https://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-09-07/singh-grabs-tigers-top-spot/2039412 2026-04-18 ABC News en-AU September 7 – The Scottish Parliament Building opens.Tempest Matthew 2004-09-07 Scottish parliament opens for business https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/sep/07/scotland.devolution 2026-04-18 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 September 8 – The Genesis space probe crash-lands in Utah after a three-year study of the Sun.David Leonard 2025-01-19 20 years after crashing in the Utah desert, NASA's Genesis mission is still teaching us about solar wind https://www.space.com/the-universe/20-years-after-crashing-in-the-utah-desert-nasas-genesis-mission-is-still-teaching-us-about-solar-wind 2026-04-19 Space en September 9 – An explosion in Ryanggang Province, North Korea, prompts suspicion that North Korea is testing nuclear weapons.Time 2005 77 September 11 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria is killed in a helicopter crash.2004-09-11 Patriarch of Alexandria dies in air disaster https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/patriarch-of-alexandria-dies-in-air-disaster-1.486461 CBA September 16 – Hurricane Jeanne hits the island of Hispaniola, killing thousands in the Dominican Republic and Haiti.Franklin et al. 2005 1015–1016 September 30 Israel launches a military offensive in the northern Gaza Strip.Israel and the Middle East timeline: January 2004 https://www.theguardian.com/israel/page/0,12575,1122113,00.html 2026-04-17 The Guardian Painkiller Vioxx is pulled from the market due to a potential doubling of heart attack risk.Neilan Terence September 30, 2004 Merck Pulls Vioxx Painkiller from Market, Stock Plunges https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/30/business/merck-pulls-vioxx-painkiller-from-market-and-stock-plunges.html New York Times October October 8 – Suicide bombers detonate two bombs at the Red Sea resort of Taba, Egypt, killing 34 people and injuring 171, mostly Israeli tourists.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/08/israel.travelnews Dozens killed in bomb blasts at Sinai resorts Urquhart Conal 2004-10-08 The Guardian 2017-02-07 en-GB 0261-3077 February 3, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170203201509/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/08/israel.travelnews live2006-04-26 Egypt: Bombings Linked To Past Attacks - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-bombings-linked-to-past-attacks/ 2026-04-17 CBS News en-US October 9 – Afghanistan holds its first presidential election. Hamid Karzai wins with 55.4 percent of the vote.Annual Register 2005 283 October 14 – Russia launches the Soyuz TMA-5 mission.Malik Tariq 2004-10-14 Expedition 10 Crew Successfully Launches Into Space https://www.space.com/433-expedition-10-crew-successfully-launches-space.html 2026-04-18 Space en October 28 – The prehistoric human species Homo floresiensis is described.'Hobbits' on Flores, Indonesia https://humanorigins.si.edu/research/asian-research-projects/hobbits-flores-indonesia 2026-04-18 The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program en October 29 Osama bin Laden releases a video taking credit for the September 11 attacks.Bin Laden: 'Your security is in your own hands' 2004-10-29 https://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/10/29/bin.laden.transcript/ 2026-04-18 CNN European heads of state sign in Rome the Treaty and Final Act, establishing the first European Constitution.http://europa.eu/scadplus/constitution/introduction_en.htm SCADPlus: A Constitution for Europe Europa en https://web.archive.org/web/20170104031911/http://europa.eu/scadplus/constitution/introduction_en.htm January 4, 2017 dead 2017-02-07 November thumb|upright|Yasser Arafat died in 2004, raising questions about who would lead the Palestinian nationalist movement. November 2 – George W. Bush is reelected president of the United States, defeating his challenger John Kerry.Time 2005 29 November 4 – Conflict resumes in the First Ivorian Civil War as fighting breaks out between rebels and French peacekeepers.2007-08-09 CHRONOLOGY-Key events in Ivory Coast's conflict https://www.reuters.com/article/world/africa/chronology-key-events-in-ivory-coasts-conflict-idUSL30646742/ Reuters November 5 – Russia ratifies the Kyoto Protocol.Sparks 2005 193–194 November 7 – The Second Battle of Fallujah begins in Fallujah, Iraq.2004-11-08 Troops Launch Fallujah Assault - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/news/troops-launch-fallujah-assault/ 2026-04-17 CBS News en-US November 9 – Mozilla releases the Firefox browser.November 9: Firefox 1.0 Introduced This Day in History Computer History Museum https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/november/9/ 2026-04-19 www.computerhistory.org November 11 – Palestinian president Yasser Arafat dies. Mahmoud Abbas is appointed as his successor.Annual Register 2005 182–183 November 13 – The European Space Agency probe SMART-1 arrives at the Moon, becoming the first European satellite to fly to the Moon and orbit it.http://www.space.com/2839-smart-1-space-probe-slams-moon.html SMART-1 Space Probe Slams into the Moon Leonard David 2006-09-03 Space 2017-02-07 February 3, 2013 https://archive.today/20130203031317/http://www.space.com/2839-smart-1-space-probe-slams-moon.html live November 14–26 – Typhoon Muifa kills 600 people in the Philippines.Saunders Lea 2005 2 November 15 The SMART-1 satellite reaches the orbit of the Moon.SMART-1 captured into lunar orbit https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/SMART-1_captured_into_lunar_orbit 2026-04-19 www.esa.int en A ceasefire is reached between Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army.Dwan Holmqvist 2005 101 November 20 The Museum of Modern Art reopens in its new location.Irving Mark 2004-11-01 New York’s famous Museum of Modern Art turns the story of art upside down with its expanded $858 million new building complex https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2004/11/01/new-yorks-famous-museum-of-modern-art-turns-the-story-of-art-upside-down-with-its-expanded-dollar858-million-new-building-complex 2026-04-18 The Art Newspaper en NASA launches the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer telescope.Reddy Francis 2015-11-06 NASA's Swift Spots its Thousandth Gamma-ray Burst - NASA https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-swift-spots-its-thousandth-gamma-ray-burst/ 2026-08-22 en-US November 21 – Nintendo releases the Nintendo DS handheld game console in North America.Thorpe Nick 2025-04-26 20 Years of the Nintendo DS https://www.gamesradar.com/platforms/nintendo/20-years-of-the-nintendo-ds-if-someone-had-told-you-in-2004-that-nintendo-was-about-to-abandon-the-game-boy-would-you-have-believed-them/ 2026-04-18 GamesRadar+ en November 22 – The Orange Revolution begins, following a disputed presidential election in Ukraine where Viktor Yanukovych won against Viktor Yushchenko amid accusations of electoral fraud. A revote results in Yushchenko being declared the winner.https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/12/ukraines-orange-revolution/305157/ Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' Schneider William The Atlantic en-US 2017-01-26 December 6, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131206135055/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/12/ukraines-orange-revolution/305157/ live November 29–December 3 – Typhoon Nanmadol kills 775 people in the Philippines.Saunders Lea 2005 2 December December 2 – EUFOR takes over peacekeeping duties in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the United Nations.CNN.com - EU takes over Bosnia peacekeeping - Dec 2, 2004 https://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/12/02/eu.bosnia/index.html 2026-04-17 CNN December 14 – The world's tallest bridge, the Millau Viaduct over the Tarn in the Massif Central mountains, France, is inaugurated.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4091813.stm France shows off tallest bridge 2004-12-14 BBC News 2017-01-26 May 6, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120506104059/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4091813.stm live December 21 – Iraqi insurgents attack a U.S. military base in the city of Mosul, killing 22 people.2005-08-19 Details of Mosul mess hall bombing emerge https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9013247 2026-08-22 NBC News en December 26 – The 9.1–9.3 w Indian Ocean earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). One of the largest observed tsunamis follows, affecting coastal areas of Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Somalia, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, killing 227,000 people.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30602159 Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held 2014-12-26 BBC News en-GB 2017-01-26 November 12, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161112195108/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30602159 live December 30 – A peace agreement is reached between Senegal and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance.Harbom Wallensteen 2005 627 Births and deaths Category:2004 births Deaths in 2004 Nobel Prizes right|120px Chemistry – Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose Economics – Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott Literature – Elfriede Jelinek Peace – Wangarĩ Maathai Physics – David J. Gross, Hugh David Politzer, Frank Wilczek Physiology or Medicine – Linda B. Buck, Richard Axel References 30em Bibliography https://archive.org/details/annualregistervo0000unse/ registration The Annual Register 2004 2005 Keesing's Worldwide 1-886994-48-X 246 Annual Register 2005 Dwan Renata Holmqvist Caroline SIPRI Yearbook 2005: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 2005 978-0-19-928401-6 83–120 Major armed conflicts https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2005/02 Franklin James L. Pasch Richard J. Avila Lixion A. Beven John L. Lawrence Miles B. Stewart Stacy R. Blake Eric S. 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2004 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/MWR3096.1 Monthly Weather Review 134 3 981–1025 10.1175/MWR3096.1 1520-0493 Franklin et al. 2005 Harbom Lotta Wallensteen Peter 2005 Armed Conflict and Its International Dimensions, 1946-2004 https://www.jstor.org/stable/30042372 Journal of Peace Research 42 5 623–635 10.1177/0022343305056238 30042372 0022-3433 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200413 Annual 2004 Global Climate Report 2005 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 10, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240910172204/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200413 live NOAA 2005 Saunders Mark Lea Adam 2005-01-11 Summary of 2004 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2004Verification.pdf Tropical Storm Risk University College London https://web.archive.org/web/20250614235327/https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2004Verification.pdf June 14, 2025 live Sparks Karen Britannica Book of the Year 2005 https://archive.org/details/britannicabookof0000unse_h4a1/ registration 2005 Encyclopædia Britannica 1-59339-246-X Time Annual 2005 https://archive.org/details/timeannual200500edit/ registration 2005 Time 9781932273533 Time 2005 https://population.un.org/wpp/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Most%20used World Population Prospects 2024 2024 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2024 October 27, 2025 August 27, 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251027180324/https://population.un.org/wpp/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Most%20used dead https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3966489?ln=en&v=pdf 2004 Global Refugee Trends 2005 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UN High Commissioner for Refugees 2005 https://policy.desa.un.org/sites/default/files/inline-images/eapd2023/PDFs/WESP/2005wesp.pdf World Economic Situation and Prospects 2005 2005-08-01 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 978-92-1-109146-5 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2005 December 28, 2004 Biggest News Stories of 2004 https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2004-12-28-voa44-66338297/544867.html https://web.archive.org/web/20250420143039/https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2004-12-28-voa44-66338297/544867.html April 20, 2025 live Voice of America VOA 2004 Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar