1820–21 United States Senate elections

none January 2025 February 2024 1820–21 United States Senate elections United States 1820 legislative no 1818–19 United States Senate elections 1818 & 1819 1822–23 United States Senate elections 1822 & 1823 Class 1 1814–15 United States Senate elections 1814 & 1815 1826–27 United States Senate elections 1826 & 1827 15 of the 46 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 24 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Democratic-Republican Party 30 seats 37 11 38 1 10 Federalist Party 9 seats 9 1 5 4 5 Majority party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1820senatemap.svg Results:#bef3be Dem-Republican hold #008000 Dem-Republican gain#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #000000ff Legislature failed to elect The 1820–21 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, corresponding with James Monroe's landslide re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1820 and 1821, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Democratic-Republican Party gain one-to-five seats (in the general and special elections), assuming almost complete control of the Senate. Results summary Senate party division, 17th Congress (1821–1823) Majority party: Democratic-Republican (39–43) Minority party: Federalist (4) Vacant: (3–1) Total seats: 46–48 Change in composition Before the elections Composition after the June 13 and 14, 1820 elections in Maine. DR1MaineNew seat DR2 DR3 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 Majority → DR24 DR33N.Y. New YorkRan DR32N.J. New JerseyRan DR31Miss. MississippiRan DR30Md. MarylandRan DR29MaineNew seatRan DR28Ind. IndianaRan DR27 DR26 DR25 DR34OhioRan DR35Va. VirginiaRan DR36Pa. PennsylvaniaUnknown DR37Tenn. TennesseeUnknown F9Vt. VermontRetired F8Del. DelawareRetired F7R.I. Rhode IslandUnknown F6Mass. MassachusettsRan F5Conn. ConnecticutRan F4 F1 F2 F3 Result of the general elections DR1 DR2 DR3 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 Majority → DR24 DR33Va. VirginiaRe-elected DR32OhioRe-elected DR31Miss. MississippiRe-elected DR30Md. MarylandRe-elected DR29MaineRe-elected DR28Ind. IndianaRe-elected DR27 DR26 DR25 DR34N.J. New JerseyHold DR35N.Y. New YorkHold DR36Conn. ConnecticutGain DR37R.I. Rhode IslandGain DR38Vt. VermontGain V1Pa. PennsylvaniaDR loss V2Tenn. TennesseeDR loss V3Del. DelawareF loss F5Mass. MassachusettsRe-elected F4 F1 F2 F3 Result of the special elections in the next Congress DR1Mo. MissouriNew seat DR2Mo. MissouriNew seat DR3 DR4Ga. GeorgiaHold DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24 Majority → DR25 DR34 DR33 DR32 DR31 DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR35 DR36 DR37 DR38 DR39 DR40 DR41Pa. PennsylvaniaGain DR42Tenn. TennesseeGain V1 F5 F1 F2 F3 F4 Key: DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Bold states link to specific election articles. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1820 or before March 4, 1821; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory New York(Class 3) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect in 1818/1819.Previous incumbent was elected January 8, 1820.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Rufus King (Federalist) Unanimous Massachusetts(Class 1) Prentiss Mellen Federalist 1820 (special) Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of Maine.New senator elected June 12, 1820.Winner was also elected to the next term.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Elijah H. Mills (Federalist) February 2020 Maine(2 seats) None (new state) Seats created March 15, 1820.Democratic-Republican gains. Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Maine, 1st Legislature Augusta 1820 https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=arc_leg_journals 129 Journal of the Senate of the State of Maine, 1st Legislature Augusta 1820 https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=arc_leg_journals 73 First ballot (June 13, 1820) Democratic-Republican John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 95 H Maine House of Representatives; 15 S Maine Senate Democratic-Republican John Chandler (Democratic-Republican) 78 H Maine House of Representatives; 15 S Maine Senate Democratic-RepublicanJoshua Wingate Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 79 H Maine House of Representatives; 5 S Maine Senate Democratic-RepublicanAlbion Keith Parris (Democratic-Republican) 35 H Maine House of Representatives; 0 S Maine Senate FederalistEzekiel Whitman (Federalist) 2 H Maine House of Representatives; 2 S Maine Senate UnknownJames Neal (Unknown) 1 H Maine House of Representatives; 0 S Maine Senate Mississippi(Class 1) Walter Leake Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820.New senator elected August 30, 1820.Winner was also elected to the next term.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican David Holmes (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Kentucky(Class 3) William Logan Democratic-Republican 1818 Incumbent resigned May 28, 1820 to run for Governor of Kentucky.New senator elected October 19, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Rhode Island(Class 2) James Burrill Jr. Federalist 1816 Incumbent died December 25, 1820.New senator elected January 9, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Nehemiah R. Knight (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Races leading to the next Congress In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1821; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Connecticut Samuel Dana Federalist 1810 (special)1814 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected March 4, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Elijah Boardman (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Delaware Outerbridge Horsey Federalist 1810 (special)1815 Incumbent retired.Legislature failed to elect.Federalist loss.A Democratic-Republican was later elected in 1822. February 2020 Indiana James Noble Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected in 1821. Democratic-Republican James Noble (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Maine John Holmes Democratic-Republican 1820 Incumbent re-elected January 31, 1821. Democratic-Republican John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Maryland William Pinkney Democratic-Republican 1819 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. Democratic-Republican Party William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Massachusetts Elijah H. Mills Federalist 1820 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1820.https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/xd07gt577 Massachusetts 1820 U.S. Senate June 5, 2019 November 11, 1820 A New Nation Votes Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives Federalist Party Elijah H. Mills (Federalist) 65.3% Democratic-RepublicanBenjamin W. Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 31.3% Scattering 3.3% Mississippi David Holmes Democratic-Republican 1820 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. Democratic-Republican David Holmes (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 New Jersey James J. Wilson Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected November 11, 1820.http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1820 New Jersey 1820 U.S. Senate June 9, 2015 November 11, 1820 A New Nation Votes Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives June 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150610090009/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1820 dead Democratic-Republican hold.Incumbent then resigned January 8, 1821, and winner was appointed to finish the term. Democratic-Republican Samuel L. Southard (Democratic-Republican) 55.6% Democratic-RepublicanJames J. Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 44.4% New York Nathan Sanford Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 6, 1821.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Martin Van Buren (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyNathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) Ohio Benjamin Ruggles Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. Democratic-Republican Party Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Pennsylvania Jonathan Roberts Democratic-Republican 1814 (special)1814 Legislature failed to elect.Democratic-Republican loss.New senator would later be elected in 1821. February 2020 Rhode Island William Hunter Federalist 1811 (special)1814 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1820 or 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party James DeWolf (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Tennessee John H. Eaton Democratic-Republican 1818 (appointed)1819 (special) Legislature failed to elect.Democratic-Republican loss.New senator would later be elected September 27, 1821; see below.EATON, John Henry, (1790 - 1856) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000024 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress June 9, 2015 February 2020 Vermont Isaac Tichenor Federalist 1796 (special)17961797 (resigned)1814 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Horatio Seymour (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Virginia James Barbour Democratic-Republican 1814 (special)1814 Incumbent re-elected in 1821. Democratic-Republican Party James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Special elections during the next Congress In this special election, the winner was elected in 1821 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Missouri(Class 1) None (new state) New senator elected August 10, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Thomas H. Benton (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Missouri(Class 3) New senator elected August 10, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party David Barton (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Tennessee(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator re-elected late September 27, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party John H. Eaton (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Georgia(Class 2) Freeman Walker Democratic-Republican 1819 (special) Incumbent resigned August 6, 1821.New senator elected November 10, 1821.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Nicholas Ware (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected December 10, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party William Findlay (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Connecticut List of United States senators from Connecticut October 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware October 2019 Georgia (special) List of United States senators from Georgia October 2019 Indiana List of United States senators from Indiana October 2019 Kentucky (special) List of United States senators from Kentucky October 2019 Maine List of United States senators from Maine John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) was elected as one of the new state's first pair of senators, whose terms began with June 13, 1820 statehood. He was elected to the class 1 seat's short term, which ended March 3, 1821, and was re-elected on January 31, 1821, to the term starting March 4, 1821. John Chandler (Democratic-Republican) was elected to the class 2 seat's long term, and his term would end on March 3, 1823. Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1821 United States Senate election in Maryland - AACC99 -% Democratic-Republican William Pinkney William Pinkney (1764-1822).jpg 1822 1822 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1819 1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 7, 1821 presidential William Pinkney won election by an unknown number of votes, for the Class 1 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122869 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 07, 1821 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) October 2019 Massachusetts (special) October 2019 Mississippi List of United States senators from Mississippi Mississippi (regular) October 2019 Mississippi (special) October 2019 Missouri List of United States senators from Missouri October 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey October 2019 New York List of United States senators from New York New York (regular) 1821 United States Senate election in New York October 2019 New York (special) October 2019 Ohio List of United States senators from Ohio October 2019 Pennsylvania 1820–1821 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania October 2019 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island Rhode Island (regular) October 2019 Rhode Island (special) October 2019 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee Tennessee (regular) October 2019 Tennessee (special) October 2019 Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont October 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia October 2019 See also 1820 United States elections 1820 United States presidential election 1820–21 United States House of Representatives elections 16th United States Congress 17th United States Congress Elections in the United States Notes References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 volume 4 Bicentennial Robert C. Byrd Robert Byrd Wendy Wolff United States Senate Historical Office Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office October 1, 1993 9780160632563 https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C