1913 Eshan earthquake

Earthquake in Yunnan, China China Yunnan 1913-12-21 15:37:56 914108 iscgem914108 21 December 1913 w y 6.8 15 km mi 0 on 24.264 N 102.827 E inline,title Strike-slip Yunnan, China 9 942–1,900 fatalities The 1913 Eshan earthquake struck China's Yunnan Province on 21 December with a moment magnitude of 6.8 and maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 27 June 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 The shock devastated Eshan County; at least 942 people died and thousands of homes were destroyed. The earthquake ruptured along a section of the strike-slip Qujiang Fault. Tectonic setting Major earthquakes in eastern Yunnan and the border with Sichuan are associated with the north–south striking Xiaojiang Fault; the west–northwest striking Zemuhe Fault to its north; and the northwest trending Qujiang–Shiping Fault. Some of these faults, including the Red River Fault, represent the boundaries of tectonic blocks within both provinces. The Qujiang–Shiping Fault comprises two fault segments (north and south) with a total length of 120 km that strikes northwest to west–northwest and eventually east–west at its southern part. Its slip mechanism comprises right-lateral strike-slip with a notable thrust component. The region is one of the most seismically active zone in Yunnan.Wen XueZe Du Fang Long Feng Fan Jun Zhu Hang Tectonic dynamics and correlation of major earthquake sequences of the Xiaojiang and Qujiang-Shiping fault systems, Yunnan, China Science China Earth Sciences 2011 54 10 1563–1575 10.1007/s11430-011-4231-0 2011ScChD..54.1563W 131667346 Earthquake The Qujiang Fault runs northeast and parallel to the much longer Red River Fault, striking northwest–west-northwest. Three ≥M7.0 earthquakes, including the 1913 earthquake, occurred on this fault in 1599 and 1970. The 1970 earthquake measuring s 7.7 caused a 60 km surface rupture.Guo Peng Han Zhujun Dong Shaopeng Mao Zebin Hu Nan Gao Fan Li Jiani Latest Quaternary Active Faulting and Paleoearthquakes on the Southern Segment of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone, SE Tibetan Plateau Lithosphere 2021 2021 1 10.2113/2021/7866379 2021Lsphe202166379G free The northwestern Qujiang Fault ruptured during the 1913 earthquake while its southeastern portion was associated with the earthquake in 1970.Yu Houyun Zhang Wenqiang Zhang Zhenguo Li Zhengbo Chen Xiaofei Investigation on the Dynamic Rupture of the 1970 Ms 7.7 Tonghai, Yunnan, China, Earthquake on the Qujiang Fault Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2020 110 2 898–919 10.1785/0120190185 2020BuSSA.110..898Y 213502598 https://ess.sustech.edu.cn/attached/file/20201031/20201031155559_60071.pdf Impact More than 18,000 homes were destroyed and the earthquake affected a 3,000 km2 area. When the earthquake struck, the region was experiencing heavy snowfall which caused many survivors to die from freezing and starvation. A plague further added to the suffering on top of the lack of food and clothes. Looting was also taking place.Sichuan Provincial Seismological Bureau 民国时期云南死亡超千人的地震，诞生我国第一篇地震专题考察报告 An earthquake in Yunnan that killed more than 1,000 people during the Republic of China produced my country's first special earthquake investigation report https://www.sohu.com/a/510521000_121106884 Sohu 23 December 2023 zh 21 December 2021 In Eshan County, at least 942 people died while the death toll may be as high as 1,900. Another 112 people were also injured. Eighty to ninety percent of residential homes were demolished; all schools, temples and government buildings were also destroyed. Many bridges and city walls were also razed. On agricultural land, large cracks opened, erupting sand and water. Many people reportedly fall into these cracks. In Tonghai, several structures collapsed. Nine people died and 1,000 homes were destroyed in villages. One person died in Hexi; an 8 m section of parapet collapsed; many homes and government buildings also toppled. Sixteen people died in Yuxi; old houses in the county were also destroyed. In Xinping, the room of a government office collapsed and killed three.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2993 10.7289/V5TD9V7K National Geophysical Data Center NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Landslides affected a 2,839 km2 area.Chen X. L. Zhou Q. Ran H. Dong R. Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 2012 12 2 351–363 10.5194/nhess-12-351-2012 2012NHESS..12..351C free See also List of earthquakes in 1913 List of earthquakes in China List of earthquakes in Yunnan References Category:Earthquakes in Yunnan Category:1913 earthquakes Category:1913 in China Category:Eshan Yi Autonomous County Category:December 1913 in Asia