1958–1959 Kalat rebellion

Conflict between Pakistani forces and Princes of Kalat 1958–1959 Kalat rebellion the Insurgency in Balochistan Physical Map of Balochistan.jpg Physical Map of Balochistan, Pakistan, where the fighting took place. 1958 – 1959 Balochistan, Pakistan Pakistani victory Suppression of rebellion Surrender of Nauroz Khan Pakistan 22px|border Kalat insurgents PakistanPakistan 22px|border Kalat insurgents Pakistan Iskander MirzaPakistan Ayub KhanPakistan Tikka Khan QalatFlag.svg Yar Khan QalatFlag.svg Nauroz Khan Unknown 1,000+ militants Unknown 500+ capturedUnknown killed In 1958, Nawab Nauroz Khan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy, which decreased government representation for tribal leaders, and instigated a revolt against Pakistan from 1958 to 1959. He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan, and were arrested in 1959, charged with treason, and imprisoned in Hyderabad. Five of his family members, sons and nephews, were subsequently hanged on charges of treason and aiding in the murder of Pakistani troops. Nawab Nauroz Khan later died in captivity.Harrison Selig S. In Afghanistan's shadow: Baluch nationalism and Soviet temptations 1981 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 978-0-87003-029-1 27–28https://books.google.com/books?id=2-3QcOx2hogC&dq=First+Balochistan+conflict+-wikipedia&pg=PA170 The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalists 978-1-4568-9533-4 Akbar Malik Siraj 30 March 2011 Xlibris Corporation https://books.google.com/books?id=jZQ3kwEACAAJ Conflict and Insecurity in Balochistan 2012 Narratives Publication 978-969-9370-10-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=NSwauwAACAAJ The Khanate of Kalat and the Genesis of Baluch Nationalism 978-0-19-906592-9 Axmann Martin 2 August 2012 OUP Pakistan Background 1948 rebellion 1948 Jhalawan rebellion In 1948, Prince Agha Abdul Karim and Prince Muhammad Rahim of Kalat launched a rebellion in Jhalawan in response to accession of Kalat and with the aim of establishing Kalat as an independent state from Pakistan. With the arrest of the princes and loss of a lot of manpower, the rebellion ultimately came to an end in 1950 with Pakistan recapturing all territories. Attack on Kalat Palace In 1958, Ahmad Yar Khan tried to ambush the Deputy Commissioner. He invited him to his place and when he came the palace guards led by the Khan's son Prince Mohiuddin, attacked him.https://www.siasat.pk/threads/balochistan-insurgency-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%DB%92-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4.77910/ Baloch insurgency and its roots 29 August 2011 Three persons were wounded. In retaliation the following day, a tank of the Pakistan Army fired multiple rounds on the palace of Khan and the Khan was forced to surrender and was taken away to Lahore.https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.7 Pakistan's genocide in Bangladesh and limited war in Balochistan 10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.7 https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/pakistanbalochistan-1947-present/ Balochistan, Pakistan (1947-present) While the Khan was being taken away, a crowd gathered outside the palace and upon a clash with the troops three were killed and at least two others were wounded. About 350 people were arrested in Kalat and neighbouring towns. It was alleged that the Khan had stored large quantity of weapons and food for a large private army to wage a rebellion against Pakistan. On October 6, 1958, Pakistani President Iskander Mirza issued an order that took stripped powers away from Ahmed Yar Khan and all his distinctions, privileges and immunities. Dismissal of the government Iskander Mirza abolished the constitution, imposed martial law, dissolved the national and provincial assemblies, and dismissed the government. Pakistani government also stressed the Baloch tribesman, especially in Jhalawan and Sarawan, to turn in their arms at the respective local police stationshttps://bolanvoice.wordpress.com/2021/08/09/nouroz-khan-and-the-seven-baloch-rebels/ Nauroz Khan and the Baloch rebel 9 August 2021 One Unit scheme One Unit Scheme The One Unit Scheme was the reorganisation of the provinces of Pakistan by the central Pakistani government. It was led by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra on 22 November 1954 and passed on 30 September 1955. The government claimed that the programme would overcome the difficulty of administering the two unequal polities of West and East Pakistan separated from each other by more than a thousand miles. To diminish the differences between the two regions, the 'One Unit' programme merged the four provinces of West Pakistan (West Punjab, Sind, NWFP & Baluchistan) into a single province to parallel the province of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The One Unit program was met with great resistance and grievances were raised by the four provinces since its establishment. As per scholar Julien Levesque, the One Unit project had mainly been pushed by the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan since 1953 with the aim of preventing politicians from East Pakistan from gaining power at the centre.Schaflechner Jürgen Oesterheld Christina Asif Ayesha Pakistan: alternative imag(in)ings of the nation state 2020 Oxford University Press Karachi 978-0190701314 247 First The One Unit project had mainly been pushed by the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan since 1953 with the aim of preventing politicians from East Pakistan from gaining power at the centre. The National Awami Party successfully sponsored a bill in the National Assembly calling for its dissolution and providing for regional autonomy. This led to the military takeover of the national government.Talbot Ian Pakistan: A Modern History https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBs0HdpKuaQC 1998 St. Martin's Press 978-0-312-21606-1 86 The One Unit programme remained in effect until 1970.One Unit June 2003 http://storyofpakistan.com/west-pakistan-established-as-one-unit/ Story of Pakistan 16 May 2013 etal Finally, President General Yahya Khan imposed Legal Framework Order No. 1970 to end the One Unit program and reinstate the provisional status of the Four Provinces as of August 1947. Rebellion by Nauroz Khan An armed battle began under the command of Nawab Nauroz Khan Zarakzai Zehri.https://books.google.com/books?id=tDb6i9x1FKgC&dq=Nawab+Nauroz+Khan&pg=PA63 The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan 978-0-415-68614-3 Siddiqi Farhan Hanif 2012 Routledge https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Othe-Native-Population-And-Original-Form-Of-PKZY3CVKL847Q Native Population And Original Form Of Governmenthttps://tribune.com.pk/story/188798/recalling-baloch-history Recalling Baloch history Nawab Nauroz Khan gathered around one thousand armed Baloch tribals and demanded the immediate release of Ahmad Yar Khan of Kalat and the abolition of One Unit Scheme.https://books.google.com/books?id=n_YMKlVfFLkC&dq=nawab+Nauroz+Khan&pg=PA139 The Thistle and the Drone 978-0-8157-2379-0 Ahmed Akbar 27 February 2013 Rowman & Littlefield https://books.google.com/books?id=iD0-AQAAIAAJ&q=nawab+Nauroz+Khan The All Pakistan Legal Decisions 1972 https://thefridaytimes.com/05-Aug-2016/roots-of-resentment-ii The roots of resentment As a result, a multiple battles erupted in the region,https://thekhorasandiary.com/en/2023/04/04/timeline-of-insurgency-in-balochistan timeline of insurgency in Balochistan 4 April 2023 including near the Pakistan-Iran border,Jhalawan, Kohlu and Dera Bugti and in the suburbs of Quetta.http://thebalochistanpoint.com/origins-of-baloch-insurgency/ Origins of Baloch Insurgency 29 September 2014 A large number of Pakistani troops led by Lt. Col. Tikka Khan.August 2022 and supported by Air force were sent to quell the rebellion. Negotiations and Surrender In 1959, Nawab Nauroz Khan and his men surrendered after peace talks between the tribal leaders and Pakistani government,Cohen, 2009 who pledged to abolish One Unit Scheme and grant amnesty to Nauroz Khan and his men. Nauroz Khan said that government must first withdraw its troops from Balochistan, release the Khan of Kalat immediately, restore the princely state of Kalat and release all the political prisoners in Balochistan. A jirga was sent to Nauroz Khan, along with a Quran as an assurance that he would come down from the mountains on its sanctity.Axmann, 2008 When the militants came down from the mountains, they kissed the Qur’an and said that they respect the Quran but they won't surrender. The government delegation kept reassuring them through the Quran that the government was living up to its promiseHarison, 1981 so they surrendered in 1959. However, around 160 insurgents, including Nauroz Khan and his son, were trialed in a military court in Machh district.(Cohen, 2009) Nauroz Khan, his son, and five other family members were sentenced to death on the charges of treason and killing of Pakistani troops. https://www.pakistanreader.org/view_articles.php?url=Baloch%20nationalist%20opinion%20that%20the%20current%20initiative%20lacks%20seriousness&recordNo=214 Can Imran Khan succeed in his negotiations with Baloch rebels On 15 July 1960, seven of the leaders were executed by hanging in Hyderabad Jail.Kundi Mansoor Akbar Balochistan: hope and despair 2002 New Quetta Book Stall Quetta 59 English 53138609 Nowroz was spared execution on account of his age, but died in Kohlu Jail in 1964.Ahmed Akbar S The thistle and the drone: how America's War on Terror became a global war on tribal Islam Brookings Institution Press 2013 978-0-8157-2378-3 Washington, D.C. 139, 140 English 939687571 The Khan of Kalat was subsequently forgiven and freed.http://maloykrishnadhar.com/balochistan-cruces-of-history/ Balochistan - Cruches Of History, by Maloy Krishna Dhar 25 April 2008 2 January 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20120228232740/http://maloykrishnadhar.com/balochistan-cruces-of-history 28 February 2012 dead References Category:1958 conflicts Category:Balochistan Category:Wars involving Pakistan Category:Insurgency in Balochistan Category:History of Balochistan, Pakistan (1947–present)