2009 German federal election

none September 2022 Germany parliamentary 2005 German federal election 2005 yes 2009 09 27 2013 German federal election 2013 List of members of the 16th Bundestag List of members of the 17th Bundestag All 622 seats in the Bundestag, including 24 overhang seats 312 62,168,489 ( 0.5%) 70.8% ( 6.9 pp) 130x130px Angela Merkel 2009a (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Angela Merkel CDU/CSU 35.2%, 226 seats 239 13 14,658,515 33.8% 1.4 pp Frank-Walter Steinmeier 20090902-DSCF9761.jpg 140 120 160 10 5 Frank-Walter Steinmeier Social Democratic Party of Germany 34.2%, 222 seats 146 76 9,990,488 23.0% 11.2 pp Westerwelle hamm 2009 ankunft.jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Guido Westerwelle Free Democratic Party (Germany) 9.8%, 61 seats 93 32 6,316,080 14.6% 4.8 pp German Left leadership 2009.jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Gregor Gysi &Oskar Lafontaine The Left (Germany) 8.7%, 54 seats 76 22 5,155,933 11.9% 3.2 pp German Greens leadership 2009.jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Jürgen Trittin &Renate Künast Alliance 90/The Greens 8.1%, 51 seats 68 17 4,643,272 10.7% 2.6 pp 2009 German federal election.svg 400px Results of the election. The main map shows constituency winners, and results for the proportional list seats are shown in the bottom left. Government First Merkel cabinet CDU/CSU–SPD Government after election Second Merkel cabinet CDU/CSU-FDP A federal election was held in Germany on 27 September 2009 to elect the members of the 17th Bundestag.Der Wahltermin für die Bundestagswahl 2009 http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09 Der Bundeswahlleiter 5 January 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081222033457/http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09/ 22 December 2008 The Christian Democratic Union (CDU), its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) won the election, and the three parties formed a new centre-right government with Angela Merkel as chancellor. While CDU/CSU's share of votes decreased slightly, it was more than compensated by the gains of their "desired coalition partner", the liberal FDP, that won the strongest result in its history. CDU and CSU's former partner in the "Grand coalition", the Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by Frank-Walter Steinmeier, conceded defeat27 September 2009 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6237210/Merkels-rival-concedes-defeat-in-German-election.html Merkel's rival concedes defeat in German election The Telegraph 28 September 2009 London 29 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190829125712/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6237210/Merkels-rival-concedes-defeat-in-German-election.html live after dropping by more than 11 percentage points, receiving its hitherto worst result since the end of the Second World War (only undercut in 2017 and 2025). At 70.8 percent, the voter turnout was the lowest in a German federal election since 1949. Electoral system According to Article 38 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, members of the Bundestag shall be elected in general, direct, free, equal, and secret elections; everyone over the age of eighteen is entitled to vote.GG - Art 38 Basic Law: Article 38 https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_38.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20160814195324/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_38.html 14 August 2016 2016-08-18 www.gesetze-im-internet.de de In 2008, some modifications to the electoral system were required under an order of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. The court had found a provision in the Federal Election Law by which it was possible for a party to experience a negative vote weight, namely losing seats due to more votes, violated the constitutional guarantee of the electoral system being equal and direct.3 July 2008 Federal Constitutional Court decision on the Federal Election Law http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/cs20080703_2bvc000107.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054240/http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/cs20080703_2bvc000107.html 21 September 2013 20 September 2013 Bverfg.de The court allowed three years for these changes, so the 2009 German federal election was not affected. The changes were due by 30 June 2011 but appropriate legislation was not completed by that deadline. A new electoral law was enacted in late 2011 but was declared unconstitutional once again by the Federal Constitutional Court upon lawsuits from the opposition parties and a group of some 4,000 private citizens.Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court https://web.archive.org/web/20120819083228/http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/fs20120725_2bvf000311.html 19 August 2012. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Four of the five factions in the Bundestag agreed on an electoral reform whereby the number of seats in the Bundestag will be increased as much as necessary to ensure that any overhang seats are compensated through apportioned leveling seats, to ensure full proportionality according to the political party's share of party votes at the national level.Bill amending the Federal Election Law https://web.archive.org/web/20121224192943/http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/17/118/1711819.pdf 24 December 2012. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012. The Bundestag approved and enacted the new electoral reform in February 2013.2013-02-22 Bundestag: Deutschland hat ein neues Wahlrecht Germany has a new electoral law http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2013-02/bundestag-wahlrecht-beschluss live https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054549/http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2013-02/bundestag-wahlrecht-beschluss 21 September 2013 2016-08-18 Die Zeit de 0044-2070 The Bundestag is elected using mixed-member proportional representation, meaning that each voter has two votes, a first vote for the election of a constituency candidate by first-past-the-postBWahlG - § 5 Wahl in den Wahlkreisen Federal Election Act: Section 5 https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__5.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104512/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__5.html 6 October 2016 2016-08-18 www.gesetze-im-internet.de de and a second vote for the election of a state list.BWahlG - § 4 Stimmen Federal Election Act: Section 4 https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__4.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104554/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__4.html 6 October 2016 2016-08-18 www.gesetze-im-internet.de de The Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method is used to convert the votes into seats,Der Bundeswahlleiter https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/glossar/texte/Saint_Lague_Schepers.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160923232232/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/glossar/texte/Saint_Lague_Schepers.html 23 September 2016 2016-08-18 www.bundeswahlleiter.de in a two-stage process with each stage involving two calculations. First, the number of seats to be allocated to each state is calculated, based on the proportion of the German population living there. Then the seats in each state are allocated to the party lists in that state, based on the proportion of second votes each party received.BWahlG - § 6 Federal Election Act: Section 6 https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__6.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104513/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__6.html 6 October 2016 2016-08-18 www.gesetze-im-internet.de de In the distribution of seats among state lists, only parties that have obtained at least five percent of the valid second votes cast in the electoral area or have won a seat in at least three constituencies are taken into consideration. The minimum number of seats for each party at federal level is then determined. This is done by calculating, for each party state list, the number of constituency seats it won on the basis of the first votes, as well as the number of seats to which it is entitled on the basis of the second votes. The higher of these two figures is the party's minimum number of seats in that state. Adding together the minimum number of seats to which the party is entitled in all of the states produces a total representing its guaranteed minimum number of seats in the country as a whole. In order to ensure that each party receives its guaranteed minimum number of seats when the seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method, it may become necessary to increase the number of seats in the Bundestag. Then it must be ensured that the seats are distributed to the parties in line with their national share of the second votes. Additional overhang seats, or balance seats, are created to ensure that the distribution of the seats reflects the parties' share of the second votes and that no party receives fewer than its guaranteed minimum number of seats. Balance seats are also necessary to ensure that each party requires roughly the same number of second votes per seat. Once the number of seats which each party is entitled to receive across the country has been determined, the seats are allocated to the parties' individual state lists. Each state list must receive at least as many seats as the number of constituencies which the party won in the state in question. Campaign Since the 2005 election, Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) had governed in a grand coalition with the SPD. However, it was her stated goal to win a majority for CDU/CSU and FDP (the CDU/CSU's traditional coalition partner) in 2009. Foreign minister and Vice-Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD) was formally nominated as his party's chancellor-candidate at a convention on 18 October 2008.Frank-Walter Steinmeier zum SPD-Kanzlerkandidaten gewählt http://www.spd.de/menu/1759371 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands 18 October 2008 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081119100322/http://www.spd.de/menu/1759371/ 19 November 2008 He aimed to form a government in which the SPD was the strongest party, but which also excluded the left-socialist party The Left.https://cn.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSTRE58M2OS20090923|date=MarchNovember 2021 InternetArchiveBot yes 2012} The election campaign was considered exceptionally boring,http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,651614,00.html Apathy in Germany: Record Low Voter Turnout Expected in National Election Der Spiegel 25 September 2009 27 September 2009 29 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090929072254/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,651614,00.html live which may be attributable to a perceived lack of charisma on the part of the leaders of the CDU and SPD.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8256413.stm 'Merkel factor' could decide German vote 17 September 2009 27 September 2009 BBC News 30 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090930024157/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8256413.stm live Another reason pointed to for the sedate campaign is that the CDU and SPD both defended the record of their grand coalition, and facing the possibility of having to continue the grand coalition in a friendly manner.http://socialistworker.org/2009/09/25/left-german-elections The left in the German elections 25 September 2009 27 September 2009 Socialist Worker Online 26 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090926181626/http://socialistworker.org/2009/09/25/left-german-elections live Merkel was content with the low-key campaign style, which was largely seen as benefiting her party because of her high approval ratings.Chu Henry 27 September 2009 Many Germans may sit out this vote Los Angeles Times http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-germany-election27-2009sep27,0,6021371.story?track=rss live 27 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091001110330/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-germany-election27-2009sep27,0,6021371.story?track=rss 1 October 2009 CDU candidate Vera Lengsfeld released a campaign poster featuring herself and Merkel in a way that emphasised their cleavage.2009-08-12 Bosom pals pep up German politics en-GB https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8198271.stm 2021-10-17 17 October 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211017025319/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8198271.stm live The poster bore the slogan "We have more to offer" (German: "de Wir haben mehr zu bieten").German Politician Uses Merkel's Cleavage to Woo Voters Der Spiegel 11 August 2009 28 September 2009 http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,641787,00.html 21 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090921111944/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,641787,00.html live On 23 September 2009, four days before the federal elections, German police raided the Berlin headquarters of the National Democratic Party of Germany NPD to investigate claims that letters sent from the NPD to politicians from immigrant backgrounds incited racial hatred. The NPD leader in Berlin defended the letters saying that "As part of a democracy, we're entitled to say if something doesn't suit us in this country."23 September 2009 German 'race hate' letters probed BBC News https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8270598.stm live 19 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120416042034/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8270598.stm 16 April 201222 September 2009 NPD sends offensive letter to candidates with Turkish background Deutsche Welle http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,4713188,00.html?maca=en-currentaffairs_germany-77-rdf dead 15 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20121009175425/http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,4713188,00.html?maca=en-currentaffairs_germany-77-rdf 9 October 201223 September 2009 Neo-Nazis tell immigrants to 'go home' Agence France-Presse http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,26113608-401,00.html dead 15 October 2015 https://archive.today/20121231034847/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,26113608-401,00.html 31 December 2012 Alt URL22 September 2009 Anger results after German neo-Nazis tell immigrant candidates to 'go home' http://www.canada.com/news/Anger+results+after+German+Nazis+tell+immigrant+candidates+home/2019845/story.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20091107230726/http://www.canada.com/news/Anger+results+after+German+Nazis+tell+immigrant+candidates+home/2019845/story.html 7 November 2009 15 October 2015 Canada.com The federal election was the final and most important election in what is called a de Superwahljahr (super election year) in Germany. In addition to the election of a new Bundestag, also scheduled for 2009 were the election to the European Parliament on 7 June, seven local elections on the same day, five state elections and an additional local election in August and September and the election of the president of Germany by the Federal Assembly on 23 May. Opinion polls thumb|center|700px|Average trend line of poll results from 18 September 2005 to 27 September 2009 with each line corresponding to a political party. 18em CDU/CSU solid 5px CDU/CSU Social Democratic Party of Germany solid 5px SPD Free Democratic Party (Germany) solid 5px FDP The Left (Germany) solid 5px LINKE Alliance 90/The Greens solid 5px GRÜNE The CDU/CSU and FDP, with an average vote share of around 50% in pre-election polling during the weeks before the election, were clearly ahead of the other traditional coalition partners in Germany, SPD and the Greens.http://www.abehnisch.com/btw09.html Alexej Behnisch 21 July 2009 17 July 2009 Opinion Poll Tracker Bundestagswahl 2009 Germany's Federal Election 26 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090926140710/http://www.abehnisch.com/btw09.html live InstituteDate CDU/CSU SPD Greens FDP The Left OthersForschungsgruppe Wahlen 18 Sept 36% 25% 10% 13% 11% 5%Forsa 16 Sept 37% 24% 11% 12% 10% 6%Allensbach 16 Sept 36% 22.5% 12% 12.5% 12% 6%Forschungsgruppe Wahlen 11 Sept 36% 23% 11% 14% 11% 5%Infratest dimap 10 Sept 35% 23% 12% 14% 12% 4%AllensbachAllensbach-Umfrage: Vorsprung für Schwarz-Gelb schrumpft. https://web.archive.org/web/20211130172755/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/ 30 November 2021 FAZ.NET, 9 September 2009 9 Sept 35% 22.5% 13% 13% 11.5% 5%Forschungsgruppe Wahlenhttp://www.wahlrecht.de/umfragen/index.htm Sonntagsfrage – Umfragen zur Bundestagswahl (Wahlumfrage, Wahlumfragen) Wahlrecht.de 28 September 2009 17 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200417052610/http://www.wahlrecht.de/umfragen/index.htm live 4 Sept 37% 23% 11% 15% 10% 4%Emnid 3 Sept 34% 26% 11% 14% 11% 4%INFO GmbHhttp://www.wahlrecht.de/umfragen/weitere-umfragen.htm Sonntagsfrage – Umfragen zur Bundestagswahl weiterer Institute Wahlrecht.de 28 September 2009 6 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201006041837/http://www.wahlrecht.de/umfragen/weitere-umfragen.htm live 2 Sept 35% 23% 12% 14% 11% 4%Allensbach 1 Sept 35.5% 23% 13.5% 14% 9.5% 4.5%GMS 24 Aug 37% 23% 13% 13% 9% 5% Results results by state and constituency Results of the 2009 German federal election List of members of the 17th Bundestag 180px|thumb|Party list election results by state: blue denotes states where CDU/CSU had the plurality of votes; purple denotes states where Die Linke had the plurality of votes; and pink denotes states where the SPD had the plurality of votes thumb|Party list results by constituency The Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) were able to form a centre-right government, with Angela Merkel of the CDU continuing as the chancellor and the leader of the FDP, Guido Westerwelle, becoming foreign minister and vice-chancellor.https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=acOIBUgWZgQ4 Merkel's FDP Coalition Partner Approves Four-Year Policy Plan Bloomberg 25 October 2009 7 March 2017 The CDU/CSU received a slightly lower proportion than in the previous election, with the Bavarian CSU receiving its lowest vote share in decades.http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,651688,00.html Boost for the FDP: The German Election's Biggest Winner 28 September 2009 28 September 2009 Der Spiegel Online 29 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090929062020/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,651688,00.html live Overall, the CDU/CSU had their worst vote share in 60 years.A new buzz for Germany The Economist http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?story_id=14530467&source=features_box_main live registration 28 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091001140235/http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?story_id=14530467&source=features_box_main 1 October 2009 In contrast, their preferred coalition partner, the liberal FDP, gained nearly 5% points to give it 14.6% of the vote, the best result of its history. The big loser of the election was the SPD, which received its worst result ever in a federal election, receiving only 23% of the total party vote and suffering the biggest percentage loss of any party in German federal election history in 60 years. The two other parties represented in the Bundestag, the Left and the Greens, both made large gains and received the highest vote share of their respective histories. For the first time, The Left won constituency seats outside its traditional stronghold of East Berlin. As a result of the losses by the SPD and the gains by the FDP, the alliance of the CDU/CSU and FDP received an outright majority of seats, ensuring that Angela Merkel would continue as chancellor. Had the CDU/CSU and FDP failed to win a majority of seats, possible alternative coalitions may have included a continuation of the grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD. A traffic light coalition (SPD–FDP–Greens) was specifically ruled out by FDP leader Guido Westerwelle.SPIEGEL Interview With FDP Leader Westerwelle: 'I Consider a Coalition With the SPD and Greens Out of the Question' Der Spiegel 18 August 2009 http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,643586-2,00.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20191210164820/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,643586-2,00.html 10 December 2019 9 September 2009 Party-list Constituency File:2009 German federal election - composition chart.svg Christian Democratic Union 11828277 21 13856674 173 194 +14 Social Democratic Party 9990488 82 12079758 64 146 −76 Free Democratic Party 6316080 93 4076496 0 93 +32 The Left 5155933 60 4791124 16 76 +22 Alliance 90/The Greens 4643272 67 3977125 1 68 +17 Christian Social Union 2830238 0 3191000 45 45 −1 Pirate Party Germany 847870 0 46770 0 0 New National Democratic Party 635525 0 768442 0 0 0 Human Environment Animal Protection Party 230872 0 16887 0 0 0 The Republicans 193396 0 30061 0 0 0 Ecological Democratic Party 132249 0 105653 0 0 0 Family Party 120718 0 17848 0 0 0 Pensioners' Party (Germany) de Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei Alliance 21/RRP 100605 0 37946 0 0 New Alliance 21/RRP Pensioner Party Germany de Rentner Partei Deutschland 56399 0 0 New Pensioners' Party Bavaria Party 48311 0 32324 0 0 0 German People's Union 45752 0 0 0 Party of Bible-abiding Christians 40370 0 12052 0 0 0 Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität 38706 0 34894 0 0 0 The Violets 31957 0 5794 0 0 0 Marxist–Leninist Party 29261 0 17512 0 0 0 From now on... Democracy through Referendum de Ab jetzt … Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung Alliance for Germany 23015 0 2550 0 0 0 Volksabstimmung Free Voters 11243 0 0 New Free Voters Christian Centre 6826 0 0 0 Centre Party 6087 0 369 0 0 0 Party for Social Equality 2957 0 0 0 Alliance of the Centre (Germany) de Allianz der Mitte Alliance of the Centre 2889 0 396 0 0 New #0D6AA9 German Communist Party 1894 0 929 0 0 0 Free Union (Germany) de Freie Union Free Union 6121 0 0 New #EFA700 Independents and voter groups 139275 0 0 0 634385 757575 +8 62168489 62168489 Bundeswahlleiterhttps://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2009.html Election to the 17th German Bundestag on 27 September 2009 Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px CDU/CSU CDU/CSU 33.80 SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 23.03 FDP Free Democratic Party (Germany) 14.56 DIE LINKE The Left (Germany) 11.89 GRÜNE Alliance 90/The Greens 10.71 PIRATEN Pirate Party Germany 1.95 Other Other 4.06 Bundestag seats #ddd 600px 410px CDU/CSU CDU/CSU 38.42 SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 23.47 FDP Free Democratic Party (Germany) 14.95 DIE LINKE The Left (Germany) 12.22 GRÜNE Alliance 90/The Greens 10.93 Results by state Second Vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) Statehttps://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09/ergebnisse/landesergebnisse/ The Federal Returning Officer https://web.archive.org/web/20160115225314/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09/ergebnisse/landesergebnisse/ 15 January 2016 results in % CDU/CSU SPD FDP LINKE GRÜNE all others Baden-Württemberg 34.5 19.3 18.8 7.2 13.9 6.3 Bavaria 42.6 16.8 14.7 6.5 10.8 8.6 Berlin 22.8 20.2 11.5 20.2 17.4 7.9 Brandenburg 23.6 25.1 9.3 28.5 6.1 7.4 Bremen 23.9 30.3 10.6 14.2 15.4 5.6 Hamburg 27.9 27.4 13.2 11.2 15.6 4.7 Hesse 32.2 25.6 16.6 8.5 12.0 5.1 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 33.2 16.6 9.8 29.0 5.5 5.9 Lower Saxony 33.2 29.3 13.3 8.6 10.7 4.9 North Rhine-Westphalia 33.1 28.5 14.9 8.4 10.1 5.0 Rhineland-Palatinate 35.0 23.8 16.6 9.4 9.7 5.5 Saarland 30.7 24.7 11.9 21.2 6.8 4.7 Saxony 35.6 14.6 13.3 24.5 6.7 5.3 Saxony-Anhalt 30.1 16.9 10.3 32.4 5.1 5.2 Schleswig-Holstein 32.2 26.8 16.3 7.9 12.7 4.1 Thuringia 31.2 17.6 9.8 28.8 6.0 6.6 Constituency seats StateTotalseatsSeats wonCDUSPDCSULinkeGrüneBaden-Württemberg38371Bavaria4545Berlin125241Brandenburg10154Bremen22Hamburg633Hesse21156Lower Saxony301614Mecklenburg-Vorpommern761North Rhine-Westphalia643727Rhineland-Palatinate15132Saarland44Saxony1616Saxony-Anhalt945Schleswig-Holstein1192Thuringia972Total2991736445161 List seats StateTotalseatsSeats wonFDPSPDGrüneLinkeCDUBaden-Württemberg461514116Bavaria461416106Berlin1133311Brandenburg92124Bremen41111Hamburg721211Hesse248664Lower Saxony3295765Mecklenburg-Vorpommern71213North Rhine-Westphalia65201214118Rhineland-Palatinate175633Saarland61212Saxony194528Saxony-Anhalt823111Schleswig-Holstein134432Thuringia92313Total3239382676021 Further reading Faas Thorsten 2010 The German Federal Election of 2009: Sprouting Coalitions, Drooping Social Democrats West European Politics 33 4 894–903 10.1080/01402381003794670 154171892 Eric Langenbacher Between Left and Right: The 2009 Bundestag Elections and the Transformation of the German Party System New York Berghahn Books 2011 978-0-85745-222-1 Scholarly studies. Reher, Stefanie. "The effect of congruence in policy priorities on electoral participation." Electoral Studies 36 (2014): 158–172. based on 2009 polls; online Notes References Further reading Hansen, Michael A., and Jonathan Olsen. "Rhapsody in Beige: The Impact of SPD Candidate Evaluations on Vote Choice in the 2009, 2013, and 2017 Federal Elections." German Politics 29.2 (2020): 223–243. online Schoen, Harald. "Merely a referendum on Chancellor Merkel? Parties, issues and candidates in the 2009 German federal election." German Politics 20.1 (2011): 92–106. External links Official voting results from the Federal Returning Officer Opinion poll tracker with data Opinion poll tracker with graph and monthly average Bundestag Election Candidates Analysis of the election by Ingo Schmidt: The German Federal Elections: Centre-Right Wins Majority, Social Democracy Suffers Crushing Defeat, The Left Receives a Boost Category:Federal elections in Germany Germany Federal Election Category:Angela Merkel Category:Frank-Walter Steinmeier Federal Election