1908 Tour de France

May 2020 May 2019 1908 Tour de France Route of the 1908 Tour de France.png Route of the 1908 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris Map of France with the route of the 1908 Tour de France on it, showing that the race started in Paris, went clockwise through France and ended in Paris after fourteen stages. 360px 13 July – 9 August 1908 14 4488 km 36 points Lucien Petit-Breton FRA François Faber LUX Georges Passerieu FRA 1907 1909 The 1908 Tour de France was the sixth running of the annual Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It was organised by the newspaper L'Auto, and took place between 13 July and 9 August. The Tour was split in 14 stages, with a total distance of 4497 km mi.Augendre 2016 108 The pre-race favourite was Lucien Petit-Breton, winner of the previous Tour. Petit-Breton dominated the race; he won the general classification and five of the fourteen stages, and thus became the first cyclist who won the Tour twice. For the first time, the final podium in Paris was not completely French: François Faber from Luxembourg ended as second in the general classification, after winning four stages. Innovations and changes The 1908 Tour de France followed nearly the same route as the 1907 Tour de France, following the borders of France clockwise. The rules were also the same; the points system was still used instead of the time system to determine the winner. Before the start, the Tour de France organization announced that all necessary measures had been taken to prevent the regrettable incidents as in 1905, and that the 'Apaches' had 90% chance of being caught and spending time in jail.http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~hadland/berthet.html 8 April 2009 Berthet and le Tour 1908 Tony Hadland https://web.archive.org/web/20070824192651/http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~hadland/berthet.html 24 August 2007 dead Dismountable tyres were used for the first time; this meant that cyclists could repair their bicycles easier, and a flat tire cost them less time. Because tour organiser Henri Desgrange wanted to keep the Tour de France a race between individual athletes, all cyclists had to ride on frames provided by the Tour organisation.McGann McGann 2006 22 The cyclists were not allowed to change bicycles, so the separation in two different classes in the years before had disappeared, and all cyclists started in the same category. Participants List of cyclists in the 1908 Tour de France Before the race started, 162 cyclists had subscribed for the Tour de France, and received starting numbers. 48 cyclists did not start, so the first stage started with 114 cyclists.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1908 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 Cyclists entered the race individually, not in teams; nevertheless some shared the same sponsor and cooperated as if they rode in teams.Thompson 2006 36 The favourite for the victory was Lucien Petit-Breton, the winner of the previous edition. He was sponsored by Peugeot, which sponsored also several other strong cyclists; in the five previous editions of the Tour de France, these Peugeot-sponsored cyclists had together won 20 stages.McGann McGann 2006 22 In addition, Petit-Breton was a skilled bicycle mechanic, which was important because the rules said that cyclists had to repair their bicycle without help.McGann McGann 2006 22 The strongest opposition was expected from the cyclists sponsored by Alcyon, led by Georges Passerieu and Gustave Garrigou.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1908.htm 6th Tour de France 1908: "L'Argentin... Again!" Boyce, Barry 27 August 2010 Cycling Revealed The Labor-sponsored cyclists started the race in yellow jerseys; in 1908 the yellow jersey for the race leader was not used yet. French athlete Marie Marvingt had tried to participate in the 1908 Tour de France, but was refused permission because the race was only open to men. She rode the route after the race, and managed to finish it.http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/marvingt.html Marie Marvingt "La Fiancée du Danger" (1875-1963) Hargrave Aviation and Aeromodelling - Interdependent Evolutions and Histories David Lam 8 April 2009 20 October 2002 https://web.archive.org/web/20090925084346/http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/marvingt.html 25 September 2009 live Race overview 1908 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 7 1908 Tour de France, Stage 8 to Stage 14 thumb|right|The start of the 1908 Tour de France|alt=A group of cyclists standing behind a person with a flag, with other people standing next to the road At one stage, Henri Desgrange's car broke down, and the tour organiser had to finish the stage in a horse-drawn carriage.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/index.html ASO 1908 - 6th Tour de France https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222548/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/1908/us/annee.html?RaceYear=1908&x=46&y=14 30 September 2007 dead 8 April 2009 In the first stage, from Paris to Roubaix, the cobbles caused many crashes and flat tyres. It was won by Georges Passerieu, while Petit-Breton finished second. The second stage, from Roubaix to Metz, went through Alsace-Lorraine, which was in 1908 part of the German Empire. As in previous years, nails had been thrown on the road. This stage was won by Petit-Breton with Passerieu in second place. Having both won a stage and finished second in the other, Petit-Breton and Passerieu both had 3 points. Some sources show them joint leaders after that stage,http://homepage.ntlworld.com/veloarchive/races/tour/1909.htm Faber is the first non-French winner Tom James VeloArchive 8 April 2009 4 April 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20080725142301/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/veloarchive/races/tour/1909.htm 25 July 2008 dead http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1908 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 21 September 2009 8 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708220400/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1908 dead while other sources show Passerieu as single leader.http://www.radsport-seite.de/tour1908.html de Tour de France 1908 Radsportseite 21 September 2009 In the third stage, started by Count Zeppelin, the Labor boss sent a telegram to the manager of the team after another crash by a Labor team member (Jean Novo): "After Novo's crash and the mediocre results of the other riders, I have decided to abandon the race. You can all ease up and come back by train." The rest of the Tour would be dominated by the cyclists from Peugeot, who won all the stages. At the third stage, Passerieu finished in 30th place; because Petit-Breton finished second, he was now leading the race by a big margin.McGann McGann 2006 22http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_3.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104130/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_3.php 22 February 2012 28 October 2016 dead 6ème Tour de France 1908 - 3ème étape Mémoire du cyclisme fr The stage was won by Faber. Faber had finished at 49th place in the second stage, so he was no direct threat for the general classification.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_2.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104109/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_2.php 22 February 2012 28 October 2016 dead 6ème Tour de France 1908 - 2ème étape Mémoire du cyclisme fr The fourth stage to Lyon was during a snow storm. Faber won his second stage, and although he was still behind in the general classification, his two consecutive stage wins made him a dangerous competitor.Amels 1984 In the sixth stage, the Côte de Laffrey and the Col Bayard were climbed, and André Pottier, the younger brother of the 1906 Tour winner René Pottier, reached the tops first. He could not keep the lead, and Faber passed him. Faber lost the lead when he had to stop to fix his bicycle, and at that point Giovanni Gerbi was in the lead. However, three kilometers before the finish, Gerbi's rear wheel broke; Gerbi could not quickly fix his bicycle, so he walked to the finish carrying his bicycle on his back, and finished in seventh place, while the stage was won by Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq.http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110555833:mpeg21:a0050 nl Wielernieuws. De Tour de France Delpher De Telegraaf 25 July 1908 27 December 2015 The seventh stage passed through Crau, in desert-like conditions. Petit-Breton was best suited to this type of weather, and easily won.Amels 1984 In the ninth stage, won by Petit-Breton, Faber jumped to the second position in the overall classification, with 57 points, while Petit-Breton was still leading with 18 points.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_9.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104152/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_9.php 22 February 2012 28 October 2016 dead 6ème Tour de France 1908 - 9ème étape Mémoire du cyclisme fr Petit-Breton was at that moment almost guaranteed of the victory, because the remaining stages were all flat, which suited him well.Amels 1984 Petit-Breton crushed the other cyclists in the eleventh stage, dropping all other cyclists one by one. In the remaining stages the other cyclists tried to beat Petit-Breton by escaping on turns, but Petit-Breton reeled them in each time.Amels 1984 In the 13th stage, 415 km from Brest to Caen, the winner Passerieu needed more than 16 hours to finish the stage; the last cyclist to finish that stage, Louis Di Maria, finished 23 hours after Passerieue.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_13.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104157/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908_13.php 22 February 2012 28 October 2016 dead 6ème Tour de France 1908 - 13ème étape Mémoire du cyclisme fr Faber could pose no threat to Petit-Breton, and Petit-Breton won the Tour de France easily. His worst placement had been the 10th stage where he finished 10th at one second from the winner; all other stages he was in the top four, winning five of the stages. Results Stage results + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908.php Mémoire du cyclisme 6ème Tour de France 1908 fr 2 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090502200801/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1908.php 2 May 2009 dead Augendre 2016 10The history of the Tour de France – Year 1908 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402233054/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeIn 1908, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains. Winner Race leader 1 13 July Paris to Roubaix 272 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Passerieu FRA Georges Passerieu FRA 2 15 July Roubaix to Metz 398 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Georges Passerieu FRALucien Petit-Breton FRAPasserieu and Petit-Breton both had 3 points after the second stage. Some sources indicate that they were joint leader, other sources indicate that Passerieu was the only leader, see article. 3 17 July Metz to Belfort 259 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) François Faber LUX Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 4 19 July Belfort to Lyon 309 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) François Faber LUX Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 5 21 July Lyon to Grenoble 311 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Georges Passerieu FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 6 23 July Grenoble to Nice 345 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 7 25 July Nice to Nîmes 354 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 8 27 July Nîmes to Toulouse 303 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage François Faber LUX Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 9 29 July Toulouse to Bayonne 299 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 10 31 July Bayonne to Bordeaux 269 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Paulmier FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 11 2 August Bordeaux to Nantes 391 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 12 4 August Nantes to Brest 321 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage François Faber LUX Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 13 6 August Brest to Caen 415 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Passerieu FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA 14 9 August Caen to Paris 251 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Total 4488 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 After the last stage, there was a timed lap of 666 m at the Parc des Princes velodrome in Paris, won by Henri Cornet in 51.2 s. This was not counted as an official stage and had no influence on the overall classification.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1908.php Tom James 27 August 2007 8 April 2009 VeloArchive 1908: Petit-Breton becomes the first double-winner General classification thumb|upright|Lucien Petit-Breton, celebrating his victory in the 1908 Tour de France.|alt=A group of men of which one is holding flowers. The general classification was calculated by points: at every stage, the winner was given one point, the next cyclist two points, etc. After the eighth stage, when only 39 cyclists were still in the race, the points given in the first eight stages were redistributed among the remaining cyclists, in accordance with their positions in those stages. Of the 114 starting cyclists, 36 finished. The Peugeot team had dominated the race; not only did their cyclists win all 14 stages, but they also had the top four places in the general classification.McGann McGann 2006 22 Even though cyclists entered the race as individuals, officially not connected to sponsors,Thompson 2006 36 most cyclists had a sponsor. + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1908 – Stage 14.02 Caen > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/1402/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402214352/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1908/1402/etape.html dead Rank Rider Sponsor Points 1 Lucien Petit-Breton FRA Peugeot–Wolber 36 2 François Faber LUX Peugeot–Wolber 68 3 Georges Passerieu FRA Peugeot–Wolber 75 4 Gustave Garrigou FRA Peugeot–Wolber 91 5 Luigi Ganna ITA 1861 Alcyon–Dunlop 120 6 Georges Paulmier FRA Peugeot–Wolber 125 7 Georges Fleury FRA Peugeot–Wolber 134 8 Henri Cornet FRA Peugeot–Wolber 142 9 Marcel Godivier FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 153 10 Giovanni Rossignoli ITA 1861 BIA 1908 160 Final general classification (11–36) Rank Rider Sponsor Points 11 Paul Duboc FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 163 12 Clemente Canepari ITA 1861 Alcyon–Dunlop 183 13 François Beaugendre FRA Peugeot–Wolber 195 14 Paul Chauvet FRA Peugeot–Wolber 209 15 Eugène Forestier FRA Peugeot–Wolber 231 16 Achille Germain FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 236 17 André Pottier FRA Peugeot–Wolber 237 18 Ernest Paul FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 243 19 Aldo Bettini ITA 1861 Peugeot–Wolber 243 20 Giovanni Gerbi ITA 1861 Peugeot–Wolber 246 21 Aloïs Catteau BEL Alcyon–Dunlop 272 22 Marceau Narcy FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 307 23 Martin Soulié FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 315 24 Ferdinand Payan FRA Champeyrache 317 25 Noel Combelles FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 335 26 F. Gonzales FRA Peugeot–Wolber 376 27 Alexandre Bodinier FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 374 28 Edouard Wattelier FRA Nil–Supra 388 29 Georges Bronchard FRA Peerless 397 30 Robert Lecointe FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 406 31 Antoine Wattelier FRA Nil–Supra 438 32 Eloi Guichard FRA Terrot 445 33 Léon Rabot FRA Alcyon–Dunlop 453 34 Jean Darche FRA Biguet 469 35 Louis Di Maria FRA – 499 36 Henri Anthoine FRA Labor 512 If the winner would have been determined by the time system as used in 1903 and 1904, Petit-Breton would also have been the winner, with Passerieu in second place, Garrigou in third and Faber in fourth.http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110555869:mpeg21:a0055 De Tour de France 15 August 1908 27 December 2015 Delpher De Telegraaf nl Other classifications Second-placed François Faber became the winner of the "pneus démontables" category.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1908/histoire.html l'Historique du Tour - Année 1908 fr Amaury Sport Organisation 4 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20120212221822/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1908/histoire.html 12 February 2012 dead The organising newspaper l'Auto named Gustave Garrigou the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.Cleijne 2014 156 Prize money In total, 25000 Francs were distributed in the 1908 Tour de France. The 1908 Tour was split into fourteen stages, and in all but the last stage, the best cyclists received prize money. Between 400 and 500 French Francs was for the winner of each stage, down to 40 Francs for the seventh cyclist to finish. After the last stage, prizes were given for the position in the general classification: 5000 Francs for the winner, down to 100 Francs for the 25th place. All riders that finished were given at least 5 Francs per day.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1908/07/09/MD19080709-004.pdf "El Tour De France 1908" (6.°año) 9 July 1908 es Mundo Deportivo 4 https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192040/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1908/07/09/MD19080709-004.pdf 6 October 2019 live The winner Petit-Breton won 8050 Francs in this way; runner-up Faber won 4595 Francs.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1908/08/13/MD19080813-003.pdf Clasificación general 13 August 1908 3 es Mundo Deportivo https://web.archive.org/web/20160119231818/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1908/08/13/MD19080813-003.pdf 19 January 2016 live Aftermath Lucien Petit-Breton became the first cyclist to win two Tours de France. He wrote a book about his life, "Comment je cours sur route".Comment je cours sur route fr Petit-Breton Lucien 1908 l'Auto This became a success, and he started to write cycling columns for newspapers. In the next Tour in 1909, Petit-Breton did not participate as a cyclist, but followed the race as a columnist.http://www.nusport.nl/rob-de-haan/2051238/het-verhaal-van-een-tourwinnaar.html Nusport Rob de Haan nl 30 July 2009 4 January 2010 Het verhaal van een Tourwinnaar 2 August 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090802083047/http://www.nusport.nl/rob-de-haan/2051238/het-verhaal-van-een-tourwinnaar.html dead Notes References 30em Bibliography Amels Wim De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984 Valkenswaard, Netherlands Sport-Express 1984 nl 978-90-70763-05-3 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Cleijne Jan Legends of the Tour https://books.google.com/books?id=3nCNAwAAQBAJ 2014 London Head of Zeus 978-1-78185-998-8 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Thompson Christopher S. The Tour de France: A Cultural History https://books.google.com/books?id=M-vUF6Y_4RUC University of California Press Oakland, CA 2006 978-0-520-24760-4 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 32–33 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1908 Tour de France 1 7 8 14 Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France Tour de France Tour de France