2001 Mars Odyssey

NASA orbiter for geology and hydrology April 2026 ly 2001 Mars Odyssey File:Mars Odyssey spacecraft model.png Artist's rendering of the Mars Odyssey spacecraft 2001 Mars Odyssey - mars-odyssey-logo-sm.png 125px Mars orbiter NASA / JPL https://science.nasa.gov/mission/odyssey/ Official website 2001-013A 26734 Elapsed: 2001 04 07 from launch 2001 10 24 at Mars (2001 10 24 sols) En route: 6 months, 17 days Primary mission: 32 months (1007 sols) Extended mission: 2004 08 25 (2004 08 25 sols) elapsed Lockheed Martin 376.3 kg lb 725 kghttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-013A 2001 Mars Odyssey NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 2022-11-29 750 W April 7, 2001, 15:02:22 yes UTC Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing 2026 (planned) October 19, 2002Makovsky, A. Barbieri, A. Tung, R. Odyssey Telecommunications https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/odyssey_telecom.pdf October 2002 7 Areocentric Sun-synchronous 400 km mi on 93.064° 2 hours 3793.4 km mi on 34.98° 0° 0° 0.0 areion orbiter Mars October 24, 2001, MSD 45435 12:21 AMT Mars Exploration Program Mars Polar Lander Spirit 2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the planet's geology and radiation environment.http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/science/goals/ Mars Odyssey Goals NASA JPL April 16, 2024 The data Odyssey obtains is intended to help answer the question of whether life once existed on Mars and create a risk-assessment of the radiation that future astronauts on Mars might experience. It also acts as a relay for communications between the Curiosity rover, and previously the Mars Exploration Rovers and Phoenix lander, to Earth. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of his and Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/overview/ Mars Odyssey: Overview JPL, CIT https://web.archive.org/web/20110919002232/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/overview/ 2011-09-19 live https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/newsroom/pressreleases/00-09-14.html It's "2001 Mars Odyssey" for NASA's next trip to the red planet NASA https://web.archive.org/web/20210418045044/https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/newsroom/pressreleases/00-09-14.html 2021-04-18 live Odyssey was launched April 7, 2001, on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and reached Mars orbit on October 24, 2001, at 02:30 UTC (October 23, 19:30 PDT, 22:30 EDT).2001 Mars Odyssey Quick Facts https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey/ 2001 Mars Odyssey December 4, 2017 NASA/JPL 2021-01-22 It was estimated to have enough propellant to function until the end of 2025,https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-keep-an-eye-on-fuel-supply-of-nasas-oldest-mars-orbiter Engineers Keep an Eye on Fuel Supply of NASA's Oldest Mars Orbiter JPL NASA March 15, 2023 2023-03-15 and as of April 2026, it is still collecting data.https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-odyssey Mars Odyssey JPL 2026-04-07 STATUS Current It currently holds the record for the longest-surviving continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth, ahead of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (served 14 yearshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth/ Pioneer Venus 1: In Depth NASA Solar System Exploration December 21, 2017 NASA) and the Mars Express (serving over 20 years), at 2001 10 24. 2019 10 it is in a polar orbit around Mars with a semi-major axis of about 3,800 km or 2,400 miles. On May 28, 2002 (sol 2001 10 24 2002 05 28), NASA reported that Odysseys GRS instrument had detected large amounts of hydrogen, a sign that there must be ice lying within a meter of the planet's surface, and proceeded to map the distribution of water below the shallow surface.http://grs.lpl.arizona.edu/latestresults.jsp January, 2008: Hydrogen Map Lunar & Planetary Lab at The University of Arizona 2015-06-30 2008-10-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20081013115534/http://grs.lpl.arizona.edu/latestresults.jsp dead The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions.Equatorial locations of water on Mars: Improved resolution maps based on Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer data (PDF). Jack T. Wilson, Vincent R. Eke, Richard J. Massey, Richard C. Elphic, William C. Feldman, Sylvestre Maurice, Luıs F. A. Teodoroe. Icarus, 299, 148–160. January 2018. Naming In August 2000, NASA solicited candidate names for the mission. Out of 200 names submitted, the committee chose Astrobiological Reconnaissance and Elemental Surveyor, abbreviated ARES (a tribute to Ares, the Greek god of war). Faced with criticism that this name was not very compelling, and too aggressive, the naming committee reconvened. The candidate name "2001 Mars Odyssey" had earlier been rejected because of copyright and trademark concerns. However, NASA e-mailed Arthur C. Clarke in Sri Lanka, who responded that he would be delighted to have the mission named after his books, and he had no objections. On September 20, NASA associate administrator Ed Weiler wrote to the associate administrator for public affairs recommending a name change from ARES to 2001 Mars Odyssey. Peggy Wilhide then approved the name change.Hubbard Scott Exploring Mars: Chronicles from a Decade of Discovery https://archive.org/details/exploringmarschr0000hubb registration 2011 University of Arizona Press 978-0-8165-2896-7 149–51http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2000/00-155.txt September 28, 2000 2016-03-12 NASA HQ/JPL It's "2001 Mars Odyssey" for NASA's Next Trip to the Red Planet 2016-06-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20160604093627/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2000/00-155.txt dead Mission objectives Mapping the levels of elements across the entire Martian surface Determine how much hydrogen exists within the "shallow subsurface" Develop a library of high-resolution images and spectroscopy for the mineral composition of the Martian surface Provide information on the morphology of the Martian surface Identify the "radiation-induced risk to human explorers" through a characterization of the "near-space radiation environment" on the Martian surfaceObjectives https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/science/objectives/ mars.nasa.gov December 4, 2017 NASA/JPL 2021-01-27 en Scientific instruments The three primary instruments Odyssey uses are the: Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS).The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey Mission P. R. Christensen B. M. Jakosky H. H. Kieffer M. C. Malin H. Y. McSween Jr. K. Nealson G. L. Mehall S. H. Silverman S. Ferry M. Caplinger M. Ravine Space Science Reviews 110 1–2 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000021008.16305.94 2004 85 2004SSRv..110...85C 3629716 It is an onboard camera that provides visible and infrared imaging to characterize how minerals are distributed on the surface of Mars. Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS),The Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite W.V. Boynton W.C. Feldman I.G. Mitrofanov L.G. Evans R.C. Reedy S.W. Squyres R. Starr J.I. Trombka C. d'Uston J.R. Arnold P.A.J. Englert A.E. Metzger H. Wänke J. Brückner D.M. Drake C. Shinohara C. Fellows D.K. Hamara K. Harshman K. Kerry C. Turner M. Ward H. Barthe K.R. Fuller S.A. Storms G.W. Thornton J.L. Longmire M.L. Litvak A.K. Ton'chev Space Science Reviews 110 1–2 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000021007.76126.15 2004 37 2004SSRv..110...37B 121206223 including the High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND), provided by Russia. GRS is a collaboration between University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Lab., the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Russia's Space Research Institute.Profile: Dr. William Boynton https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/team/profileBoynton/ 2001 Mars Odyssey December 4, 2017 NASA 2021-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20210510205632/https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/team/profileBoynton/ 2021-05-10 live It is a spectrometer focussed on the gamma-ray portion of the spectrum in order to search for various elements in the Martian atmosphere, including carbon, silicon, iron and magnesium. Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE). An "energetic particle spectrometer", measuring the radiation levels around Mars. Mission April 2026 thumb|right|250px|Summary of Mars Odyssey mission start thumb|The spacecraft encapsulated in Delta II rocket fairing Mars Odyssey launched from Cape Canaveral on April 7, 2001, and arrived at Mars about 200 days later on October 24. Upon arrival, the spacecraft's main engine firedNASA Facts: 2001 Mars Odyssey https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/files/odyssey/Odyssey0302.pdf live NASA https://web.archive.org/web/20150905091733/http://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/files/odyssey/Odyssey0302.pdf 2015-09-05 in order to decelerate, which allowed it to be captured into orbit around Mars. Odyssey then spent about 76 days aerobraking, using aerodynamic drag from the upper reaches of the Martian atmosphere to gradually slow down and reduce and circularize its orbit. By planning to use the atmosphere of Mars to slow the spacecraft in its orbit rather than firing its engine or thrusters, Odyssey did not need an additional 200 kilograms (440 lb) of propellant on board. This reduction in spacecraft weight allowed the mission to be launched on a Delta II 7925 launch vehicle, rather than a larger, more expensive launcher.http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/newsroom/pressreleases/02jan11.html Mars Odyssey Mission Status January 11, 2002 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Aerobraking ended in January 2002, and Odyssey began its science mapping mission on February 19, 2002. Odysseys original, nominal mission lasted until August 2004, but repeated mission extensions have kept the mission active.http://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/timeline/ Mission Timeline – Mars Odyssey April 16, 2024 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The payload's MARIE radiation experiment stopped taking measurements after a large solar event bombarded the Odyssey spacecraft on October 28, 2003. Engineers believe the most likely cause is that a computer chip was damaged by a solar particle smashing into the MARIE computer board.MARIE https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/instruments/marie/ 2001 Mars Odyssey December 4, 2017 NASA 2021-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20210510210531/https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/instruments/marie/ 2021-05-10 live About 85% of images and other data from NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have reached Earth via communications relay by Odyssey.https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/timeline/communicationsrelay/ Communications Relay – Mars Odyssey NASA JPL mars.nasa.gov 2018-10-31 The orbiter helped analyze potential landing sites for the rovers and performed the same task for NASA's Phoenix mission, which landed on Mars in May 2008. Odyssey aided NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which reached Mars in March 2006, by monitoring atmospheric conditions during months when the newly arrived orbiter used aerobraking to alter its orbit into the desired shape.Mars Odyssey Begins Overtime After Successful Mission https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/mars-odyssey-begins-overtime-after-successful-mission 2022-06-24 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) en-US Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit,Mars Odyssey NASA Science October 24, 2001 https://science.nasa.gov/mission/odyssey/ 2024-03-20 which provides consistent lighting for its photographs. On September 30, 2008 (sol 2001 10 24 2008 09 30) the spacecraft altered its orbit to gain better sensitivity for its infrared mapping of Martian minerals. The new orbit eliminated the use of the gamma ray detector, due to the potential for overheating the instrument at the new orbit.Martinez Carolina Webster Guy NASA's Mars Odyssey Alters Orbit to Study Warmer Ground https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-mars-odyssey-alters-orbit-to-study-warmer-ground JPL News JPL 2021-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20210510211844/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-mars-odyssey-alters-orbit-to-study-warmer-ground 2021-05-10 Pasadena, California June 22, 2009 live By December 15, 2010, it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3,340 days of operation.http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1091 NASA's Odyssey Spacecraft Sets Exploration Record on Mars Press Releases December 15, 2010 JPL, NASA https://web.archive.org/web/20110425065346/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1091 2011-04-25 live Howell Elizabeth July 23, 2018 Mars Odyssey: Record-Breaking Mission to Mars https://www.space.com/18270-mars-odyssey.html 2024-03-13 space.com The orbiter's orientation is controlled by a set of three reaction wheels and a spare. When one failed in June 2012, the fourth was spun up and successfully brought into service. Since July 2012, Odyssey has been back in full, nominal operation mode following three weeks of 'safe' mode on remote maintenance.http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1242 Longest-Lived Mars Orbiter Is Back in Service June 27, 2012 Status Reports JPL https://web.archive.org/web/20120703221048/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1242 2012-07-03 live https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/spacecraft/parts/guidancenavcontrol/ Guidance, Navigation, and Control – Mars Odyssey NASA JPL mars.nasa.gov December 4, 2017 2018-10-31 Mars Odysseys THEMIS instrument was used to help select a landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL).http://themis.asu.edu/landingsites THEMIS Support for MSL Landing Site Selection THEMIS July 28, 2006 Arizona State University https://web.archive.org/web/20060814062323/http://themis.asu.edu/landingsites/ 2006-08-14 live Several days before MSL's landing in August 2012, Odysseys orbit was altered to ensure that it would be able to capture signals from the rover during its first few minutes on the Martian surface.https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-aug-07-la-sci-mars-seven-minutes-20120807-story.html Curiosity's perilous landing? 'Cleaner than any of our tests' Los Angeles Times August 7, 2012 Scott Gold https://web.archive.org/web/20120809094601/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/07/science/la-sci-mars-seven-minutes-20120807 2012-08-09 live Odyssey also acted as a relay for UHF radio signals from the (MSL) rover Curiosity.Mars Science Laboratory Landing https://mars.nasa.gov/internal_resources/785/ NASA/JPL 2021-01-22 July 2012 Because Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, it passes over Curiositys location twice per day, enabling regular contact with Earth.Howell Elizabeth How NASA's New Mars Rover Will Phone Home Space.com August 3, 2012 https://www.space.com/16893-mars-rover-curiosity-brain.html 2024-03-20 On February 11, 2014, mission control accelerated Odysseys drift toward a morning-daylight orbit to "enable observation of changing ground temperatures after sunrise and after sunset in thousands of places on Mars". The orbital change occurred gradually until November 2015.Staff NASA Moves Longest-Serving Mars Spacecraft for New Observations February 12, 2014 Jet Propulsion Laboratory http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-047&2 Press Releases https://web.archive.org/web/20140226161657/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-047&2 2014-02-26 live Those observations could yield insight about the composition of the ground and about temperature-driven processes, such as warm seasonal flows observed on some slopes, and geysers fed by spring thawing of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice near Mars's poles. On October 19, 2014, NASA reported that the Mars Odyssey Orbiter,Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Odyssey Orbiter Watches Comet Fly Near http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4346 October 19, 2014 NASA 2014-10-20 as well as the Mars Reconnaissance OrbiterWebster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Studies Comet Flyby http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4344 October 19, 2014 NASA 2014-10-20 and MAVEN,Jones Nancy Steigerwald Bill Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's MAVEN Studies Passing Comet and Its Effects http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4345 October 19, 2014 NASA 2014-10-20 were healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne Jones Nancy Steigerwald Bill All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4347 October 19, 2014 NASA 2014-10-20 Agence France-Presse A Comet's Brush With Mars https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/science/a-comets-brush-with-mars.html October 19, 2014 The New York Times 2014-10-20 In 2010, a spokesman for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory stated that Odyssey could continue operating until at least 2016.http://www.universetoday.com/81675/the-longest-martian-odyssey-ever The Longest Martian Odyssey Ever Universe Today December 13, 2010 Ken Kremer https://web.archive.org/web/20101220000650/http://www.universetoday.com/81675/the-longest-martian-odyssey-ever/ 2010-12-20 live This estimate has since been extended to the end of 2025. Major discoveries Water on Mars By 2008, Mars Odyssey had mapped the basic distribution of water below the shallow surface. The ground truth for its measurements came on July 31, 2008, when NASA announced that the Phoenix lander confirmed the presence of water on Mars,http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/news/phoenix-20080620.html Confirmation of Water on Mars Phoenix Mars Lander June 20, 2008 NASA https://web.archive.org/web/20080701104400/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/news/phoenix-20080620.html 2008-07-01 live as predicted in 2002 based on data from the Odyssey orbiter. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for microscopic life, and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.NASA's Phoenix touches, tastes Martian water The Economic Times https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nasas-phoenix-touches-tastes-martian-water/articleshow/3313142.cms?from=mdr 2022-06-24 The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions. Evidence for equatorial hydration is both morphological and compositional and is seen at both the Medusae Fossae formation and the Tharsis Montes. thumb|center|600px|Mars—horizon views (video; 1:24; Odyssey orbiter; THEMIS camera; May 9, 2023) See also Solar System Spaceflight United States 35em Exploration of Mars List of Mars orbiters List of missions to Mars Mars Express Orbiter Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Mission Mars Student Imaging Project Mythodea – Music for the NASA Mission: 2001 Mars Odyssey References External links The Mars Odyssey site 2001 Mars Odyssey Mission Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration https://archive.today/20130202125124/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/3305706.html Sky & Telescope: "Mars Odyssey Pays Early Dividends" el BBC News story on Mars Odyssey observations of apparent ice deposits Mars Trek—Shows present overhead position of Mars Odyssey Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Geography of Mars Category:Mars Exploration Program Odyssey Mars Odyssey Mars Odyssey Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory space probes Category:NASA missions to Mars