2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign

none thumb|Smallpox vaccinehttps://phil.cdc.gov/details.aspx?pid=2674 https://web.archive.org/web/20211127112734/https://phil.cdc.gov/details.aspx?pid=2674 27 November 2021 Details - Public Health Image Library(PHIL) phil.cdc.gov 3 March 2020 The 2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign was a vaccination program announced by the White House on 13 December 2002 as preparedness for bioterrorism using smallpox virus. The campaign aimed to provide the smallpox vaccine to those who would respond to an attack, establishing Smallpox Response Teams and using DryVax (containing the NYCBOH strain) to mandatorily vaccinate half a million American military personnel, followed by half a million health care worker volunteers by January 2004. The first vaccine was administered to then-President George W. Bush.Richards Edward P. Rathbun Katharine C. Gold Jay July 2004 The Smallpox Vaccination Campaign of 2003: Why Did it Fail and What are the Lessons for Bioterrorism Preparedness? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228125599 Louisiana Law Review 64 851–904Connolly Ceci https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/04/13/us-smallpox-vaccine-program-lags/17a9854c-03b4-4fd5-94de-d6f11d2241f2/ https://web.archive.org/web/20211127113249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/04/13/us-smallpox-vaccine-program-lags/17a9854c-03b4-4fd5-94de-d6f11d2241f2/ 27 November 2021 U.S. Smallpox Vaccine Program Lags 13 April 2003 The Washington Post 28 February 2020Parrino Janie Graham Barney S. 1 December 2006 Smallpox vaccines: Past, present, and future https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(06)02013-6/pdf Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology en 118 6 1320–1326 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.037 0091-6749 17157663 9533821 John Bartlett Luciana Borio Lew Radonovich Julie Samia Mair Tara O'Toole Michael Mair Neil Halsey Robert Grow Thomas V. Inglesby Donald A. Henderson Thomas V. Inglesby Tara O'Toole Smallpox Vaccination in 2003: Key Information for Clinicians Clinical Infectious Diseases 36 7 1 April 2003 883–902 10.1086/374792 free 12652390 The campaign ended early in June 2003, with only 38,257 civilian health care workers vaccinated, after several hospitals refused to participate due to the risk of the live virus infecting vulnerable patients and skepticism about the risks of an attack, and after over 50 heart complications were reported by the CDC. That August, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) criticized the programme for its costs and not considering other bioterrorism control measures such as surveillance.https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4074-us-smallpox-vaccination-plan-grinds-to-a-halt/ US smallpox vaccination plan grinds to a halt 22 August 2003 Debora Mackenzie New Scientist The adverse cardiac events, including two deaths, were however unlikely to have been caused by the vaccine.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5239a1.htm Cardiac Deaths After a Mass Smallpox Vaccination Campaign --- New York City, 1947 MMWR CDC 3 October 2003 52 39 933–936 14523370 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) A 2005 IOM report noted that some of the problems of the campaign stemmed from administration officials overruling scientific advice on the numbers who should be vaccinated and a lack of communication by the CDC of the public health need, though it found that the campaign had increased general preparedness for sudden occurrences of infectious diseases like that year's monkeypox outbreak and the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.https://www.science.org/content/article/report-faults-smallpox-vaccination-campaign Report Faults Smallpox Vaccination Campaign Jocelyn Kaiser 3 March 2005 Science References Category:Smallpox vaccines Category:Vaccination in the United States Category:2003 in the United States Category:History of disaster preparedness in the United States Category:Bioterrorism